D4.1 - Data and service catalogue - DREAMS

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D4.1 - Data and servicecatalogue

DeliverableID D4.1 ProjectAcronym DREAMS Grant: 763671 Call: H2020-SESAR-2016-1 Topic: RPAS-02:Droneinformationmanagement Consortiumcoordinator: IDS Editiondate: 13thJuly2018 Edition: 00.01.00 TemplateEdition: 02.00.00

EXPLORATORYRESEARCH

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©–2017–IDS,TUDelft,EUROUSC,TOPVIEWSRL.Allrightsreserved.LicensedtotheSESARJointUndertakingunderconditions

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Authoring&Approval

AuthorsofthedocumentName/Beneficiary Position/Title Date

MassimoAntonini/IDS TeamLeader 02/07/2018

ValerioPaciucci/IDS ProjectContributor 02/07/2018

MalikDoole/TUDelft Projectcontributor 02/07/2018

ReviewersinternaltotheprojectName/Beneficiary Position/Title Date

GiuseppeDiBitonto/IDS ProjectManager 02/07/2018

JoostEllerbroek/TUDelft TeamLeader 02/07/2018

CostantinoSenatore/EuroUSCIT TeamLeader 02/07/2018

AlbertoMennella/TOPVIEWSRL TeamLeader 02/07/2018

MatteoCarta/EuroUSCIT ProjectContributor 02/07/2018

ApprovedforsubmissiontotheSJUBy-RepresentativesofbeneficiariesinvolvedintheprojectName/Beneficiary Position/Title Date

GiuseppeDiBitonto/IDS ProjectManager 13/07/2018

MassimoAntonini/IDS TeamLeader 13/07/2018

JoostEllerbroek/TUDelft TeamLeader 13/07/2018

AlbertoMennella/TOPVIEWSRL TeamLeader 13/07/2018

CostantinoSenatore/EuroUSCIT TeamLeader 13/07/2018

RejectedBy-RepresentativesofbeneficiariesinvolvedintheprojectName/Beneficiary Position/Title Date

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DREAMSDRONEEUROPEANAIMSTUDY

ThisstudyispartofaprojectthathasreceivedfundingfromtheSESARJointUndertakingundergrantagreementNo763671underEuropeanUnion’sHorizon2020researchandinnovationprogramme.

Abstract

Thisdocument,D4.1,performsananalysisofdataandservicesthatareofinteresttoU-spaceservices.Theanalysisisprimarilyaimedatcapturingcurrentdataandservicesemployedbytraditionalaviationusersandalsoexistinginformationservicesusedbydroneoperators/users.Thistaskedwasperformedbyreviewingthedroneoperator/userrequirementspresentedinD3.1.Theserequirementswereusedinordertoconductanextensivesurveyofthesuitableexistinginformationservicesusedbymannedaviationandunmannedaviation.

D4.1-DATAANDSERVICECATALOGUE


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TableofContents1 Introduction................................................................................................................8

2 U-Spaceservicesanddataidentification....................................................................12

3 Informationandservicescatalogue...........................................................................15

4 Conclusions.............................................................................................................103

5 References...............................................................................................................104

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ListofTables

Table1-SummaryofU-spaceservices.................................................................................................12

Table2-Airport:AirportCapacityandPerformance.............................................................................35

Table3-AirportInformationManagement...........................................................................................36

Table4-AirportCornerFeatures..........................................................................................................37

Table5-NSPActionLegend..................................................................................................................42

Table6-NSPAction-DecisionMaking..................................................................................................42

Table7-NSPAction-InformationManagementSystem......................................................................42

Table8-NSPAction-Airspace..............................................................................................................42

Table9-NSPAction-CapacityManagement........................................................................................43

Table10-NSPAction-AirTrafficFlowManagement...........................................................................43

Table11-NSPAction-Airports.............................................................................................................43

Table12-NSPAction-Safety,Security,Robustness.............................................................................43

Table13-NSPAction-CommunicationNavigationandSurveillance...................................................43

Table14-NSPAction-HumanCapital.................................................................................................44

Table15-NSPAction-PrepareforReferencePeriod3........................................................................44

ListofFigures

Figure1–SWIMRegistryATMdatacategories....................................................................................17

Figure2-EventServiceArchitecture.....................................................................................................34

Figure3-Pre-tacticalplanningoverview[7].........................................................................................52

Figure4-Capacityassessmentandplanningscope[8]........................................................................54

Figure5-Illustrationofgeofencing,geocaging,andgeovectoringprotocols[62]................................57

Figure6–OverviewofLARAarchitecturemodulesupport[31]..........................................................62

Figure7-TemporaryairspacesegregationprocessforFUA[32]..........................................................66

Figure8-CDRcategorization[32]..........................................................................................................67

Figure9-Degreeofairspacesegregationbetweenfullysegregatedandnon-segregated[32]...........68

Figure10-VoicefrequenciesavailabilityperareacontrolcentresectormapforEurope....................77



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Figure11-Surveillancetoolframework[9]...........................................................................................86

Figure12-3Dtilevisualization[44].......................................................................................................91

Figure13-Cesiumlayersappscreenshot[45]......................................................................................92

Figure14-3DmodelvisualizationviatheCesiumionapp....................................................................92

Figure15-Time-dynamicvisualizationofa3Daircraftmodel[49].......................................................93

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1 Introduction1.1 Purposeofthedocument

This document represents theD4.1 contractual deliverable forDREAMSproject as reported in theGrantAgreement(Annex1–Part1-WT2listofdeliverables).

InthisdocumentacatalogueofcandidateservicesforU-Spacepurposesareidentified.Theintentofsome of the identified services are similar to that of Air Navigation Services already defined1 andavailabletomannedaviation.SuchserviceswouldhoweverneedtosupportunmannedtrafficatVeryLowlevel(e.g.ascopewiderthanthecorrespondingtraditionalservice)aswellespecially,withinanurbanenvironment.TheservicesidentifiedinthisdocumentareabletosupportthesetofscenariosidentifiedintheD3.1document[1].ThelistoftheserviceswillnotbelimitedtojustAIMservicesbutwillincludealsoATMservicesinordertotakeintoaccounttheresultsoftheriskandsafetyassessmentproducedintheD3.2documentbasedontheentireU-Spaceecosystem.Thechoiceoftheserviceswillbe based on several criteria such as, compliance to some standards (as AIXM, FIXM, WXXM),availability,protocols,costandlevelofimplementation.

Thiscataloguewillserveasaninputforthenexttaskregardingthegapanalysisbetweenservicesanddata currently available in the traditional aviation and services and data needed for unmannedaviation.

1.2 IntendedreadershipThisdocumentisintendedtobereadbyanyonewhoisinterestedinunderstanding,whichcurrentlyavailable services designed formanned aviation, can be used or tailored formanaging unmannedtraffic.

Thedisseminationlevelissetas“Public”.

1.3 AbbreviationsAcronym Meaning

ACAP AirportCapacityAndPerformance

AI ArtificialIntelligence

AIXM AeronauticalInformationExchangeModel

AIP AeronauticalInformationPublication

AIRPROX AircraftProximity

1Art.3(q)ofEURegulation216/2008.



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AIS AeronauticalInformationService

ANS AirNavigationServices

AMC AirspaceManagementCell

AO AircraftOperator

ARO ATSReportingOffice

ATC AirTrafficControl

ATM AirTrafficManagement

ATZ AerodromeTrafficZone

C&CC2 CommunicationCommand&Control

CAGR CompoundAnnualGrowthRate

CODA CentralOfficeforDelay

DAA DetectAndAvoid

DDR DemandDataRepository

DREAMS DRoneEuropeanAIMStudy

DTC DroneTrafficController

EAD EuropeanAISDatabase

EC EuropeanCommission

EGNOS EuropeanGeostationaryNavigationOverlayService

EIRP EquivalentIsotropicallyRadiatedPower

ETSI EuropeanTelecommunicationsStandardsInstitute

FAB FunctionalAirspaceBlock

FCU FlightControlUnit

FIXM FlightInformationExchangeModel

FTS FlightTerminationSystem

FUA FlexibleUseofAirspace

GA GeneralAviation

GNC GuidanceNavigationControl

GNSS GlobalNavigationSatelliteSystem

GTRF GalileoTerrestrialReferenceFrame

HDOP HorizontalDilutionofPrecision

HR HumanResources

IAB InternationalAdvisoryBoard

ICAO InternationalCivilAviationOrganization

INO InternationalNOTAMOperations

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IOC IntelligentOrientationControl

IOT InternetOfThings

LARA LocalAndsub-RegionalAirspacemanagement

M2M MachineToMachine

NAA NationalAviationAuthority

NAS NationalAirspacesystem

NAT NorthAtlanticTracks

NM NetworkManager

NMB NetworkManagementBoard

NOP NetworkOperationsPlan

NPP NetworkPerformancePlan

NSP NetworkStrategyPlan

PAMS PublishedAIPManagementSystem

PCP PilotCommonProject

PIATA PerformanceIndicatorandAnalysisTool

PMP ProjectManagementPlan

POC PointofContact

QoS QualityofService

REST RepresentationalStateTransfer

RLOS RadioLineOfSight

RPA RemotePilotedAircraft

SBAS SatelliteBasedAugmentationSystem

SDO StaticDataOperations

SES SingleEuropeanSky

SESAR SingleEuropeanSkyATMResearch

STELLAR SESARToolEnablingcoLLaborativeATMResearch

SO StrategicObjective

SOAP SimpleObjectAccessProtocol

TCL TechnicalCapabilityLevel

UA UnmannedAircraft

UAS UnmannedAircraftSystems

UML UnifiedModellingLanguage

UMZ U-SpaceMandatoryZones

USS UASServiceSupplier



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UTM UnmannedTrafficManagement

V2I VehicletoInfrastructurecommunication

V2V VehicletoVehiclecommunication

VLL VeryLowLevel

VTOL VerticalTakeOffandLanding

WGS84 WorldGeodeticSystem1984

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2 U-SpaceservicesanddataidentificationTheU-spaceservicesoutlinedinthischapterwerederivedfromacomprehensivedroneoperator/userscenario analysis that has been documented in DREAMS D3.1 “Scenarios identification andrequirement analysis” [1]. The identified U-Space services summarized in this chapter will help inidentifyingthedataandservicesthatalreadyexist.

ThesetofservicesdefinedhereinarerequiredforU-Spacefoundationalservices(U1),initialservices(U2),advancedservices (U3)and full services (U4).Theseserviceswillbedeployedover timewithincreasing drone automation and with increasing level of connectivity between drones and theirinfrastructure. The U-Space services will be provided by service providers within the U-Spaceenvironment.TheseU-spaceservicescompriseofcriticalservicesneededtoorganisesafeandefficientoperationofdrones,andtoensurethataproperinterfaceisestablishedbetweenmannedaviation,ATCandotherrelevantauthorities.

Moreover,theU-spaceservicescanbedividedintocoreandnon-coreservices.TheU1coreservicesaree-Registration,e-IdentificationandPre-tacticalgeofencing.ThefirsttwocoreservicesofU1arederived from the EU standards. The EU standardmandates the need for electronic registration ofdronesweighingmorethan250g.Inaddition,itrequirestheelectronicidentificationofdronesinorderallowdronestobeidentified,toensuresafeoperationsandtoprovidetrustbetweenlawenforcementauthorities. The non-core U1 services include payment, insurance, European Drone registry andworkflowmanagement.Asmentioned,theU1servicesarefundamentalservicesofU-space.

U2 services support themanagementofdroneoperations. They compriseof core services suchasweather information, drone aeronautical informationmanagement, tactical geofencing, flight planmanagement,strategicde-confliction,tracking,monitoring,trafficinformation,proceduralinterfacewithATCandemergencymanagement.Thenon-coreservicesofU2includetheassistanceforflightplanningi.e.,theservicethatsupportsthedroneoperatortomanagethelife-cycleoftheflightplan.

U-spaceadvancedservices,U3, ispredicted to support complexoperations indenseenvironmentssuchasurbanareas.Theseservicesincludedynamicgeofencing,acollaborativeinterfacewithATC,tacticalde-conflictionanddynamiccapacitymanagement.

ThefinalsetofU-spaceservices,U4,willentailasetofservicesthatoffersintegratedinterfaceswithmannedaviation,andsupportthefulloperationalcapabilityofU-space.U4willbedependentontheenvisionedhighlevelofdroneautomation,connectivityanddigitalizationfortheU-spacesystemasawhole.

Table1showsasummaryoftheabovedescribedU-spaceservices.

Table1-SummaryofU-spaceservices

U-spaceDeploymentLevel

Service

U1 e-Registration

e-Identification



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Pre-tacticalgeofencing

Payment

Insurance

Droneregistry

Workflowmanagement

U2 Weatherinformationi.e.,Hyperlocalweatherdata

Droneaeronauticalinformationmanagement

Tacticalgeofencing

Tracking

Flightplanningmanagement

Strategicde-confliction

ProceduralinterfacewithATC

Emergencymanagement

Monitoring

Trafficinformation

Flightplanningassistance

U3 Dynamicgeofencing

CollaborativeinterfacewithATC

Tacticalde-confliction

Dynamiccapacitymanagement

U4 TobedevelopedafterthelaunchofU3

InadditiontotheservicestobeprovidedbyU-space,droneoperators/usersdesireasetofspecificrequirementswhich theydeemtobeusefulasaservice.Thesedroneoperator/userserviceswerederivedfromasurveyconductedaspartoftheDREAMSproject.

Alistofthedroneoperator/userexpectedservicesaregivenbelow:

• Informationonobstacleandterraindata

• Real-timepositioningofmannedaircrafttraffic(i.e.trafficsurveillance)

• Real-timepositioningofunmannedtraffic(i.e.trafficsurveillance)

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• Detailed3Delevationmaps(i.e.detaileddescriptionofheightsofobstacles)

• Locationofuncontrolledflyingobjectssuchasbirds

• Temporaryrestrictedareasbylocalauthorities(i.e.airspacemanagement)

• Populationdensityofoverflownareas

• Geo-blanketfunctionality

ItisassumedthattheaboverequiredservicescanbeprovidedinU2andU3oftheU-spaceinitiative.

NowthattherelevantU-spaceservicesanddatahavebeenidentified,wecanbegintheprocessofderivingservicesanddatathatiscurrentlyavailable.

Concerningthechoiceofcurrentlyavailableservices,thefollowingsourceswillbetakenintoaccount:

1. SWIMservicesregistry

2. EUROCONTROLservicecatalogue

3. Opensourceservices



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3 InformationandservicescatalogueThemethodologyemployedforidentifyinginformationandservicesrelevanttodroneoperators/userswasbasedon thestandardisedU-spaceneeds,acomprehensivedroneoperator/user requirementanalysis(SeeD3.1formoredetails[1])andtheDREAMSconsortiumexpertiseonthesubjectmatter.Theauthorsofthisreportreviewedandanalysedexisting informationservicesrelevanttomannedaviation. During this process, several information services were derived via SWIM services, open-sourceaviation servicesandcommercialoff-the shelf services. Similarly, a studywasconducted todetermine existingU-space services present in themarket. The analysis indicated several start-upcompanies aiming to provide (partial) U-space services as a commercial product. The contentpresented here forth will help determine the gap in information services required for droneoperations/users.

Theremainderof thischapter isorganized insections.Section3.1reviewsthecurrent informationservicesforlegacymannedaviation.ThesectionpresentsinformationthatisdeemedrelevanttoU-spaceservice’sneeds.Section3.1alsoincludesadescriptionofthelevelofimplementation(whereavailable)of theoutlined services. In addition to SWIMservices, a setofopen-source services arepresented.Thereafter,inSection3.2,asetofdronerelatedinformationservicesarereviewed.

3.1 ExistingInformationServices–MannedAviation

Existing manned aviation information services are currently undergoing a paradigm shift in howinformationismanagedalongitscompletelifecycleandacrosstheEuropeanATMsystem.ThisisbeingcarriedoutwiththeimplementationoftheSWIMconcept.

TheimplementationoftheSWIMconceptwillenableallstakeholderstoshareinformationtotherightstakeholdersattherighttime.Theidentifiedstakeholdersandcorrespondingoperationsare:

• Pilots–allphasesofflightoperations

• AirportOperationsCentres–departuremanagement,surfacemovements,gateallocations,andarrivals

• Airline Operations Centres –schedule design, route planning, fuel requirement calculation,ensuringsmoothpassengerconnectionsanddelayminimization

• AirNavigationServiceProviders (ANSPs)–organizationandmanagementof the respectiveairspace,allowingATStomanageairtrafficpassingthroughitsairspace

• MeteorologyServiceProviders–providingweatherreportsandforecasts

• MilitaryOperationsCentres–missionplanning,restrictingairspace,nationalsecuritytasks

ThetypeofinformationsharedonaSWIMnetworkincludes:

• Aeronautical – information originating from the assembly, analysis and formatting ofaeronauticaldata

• Flighttrajectory–detailed4Droutedataofaircraft

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• Aerodrome operations – status of various aspects of the airport, including approaches,runways,taxiways,gateandaircraftturnaroundtimeinformation

• Meteorological – information on the past, current and future state of earth’s atmosphererelevantforairtraffic

• Air traffic flow – networkmanagement information required to understand the overall airtrafficandairtrafficservicessituation

• Surveillance – positioning information from radar, satellite navigation systems, aircraftdatalinks(ADS-Btransmitters)

• Capacityanddemand–informationontheairspaceusers’needsofservices,accesstoairspaceandairportsandtheaircraftalreadyusingit

TheaimofSWIMisto improve interoperability inATMusingcommontechnologies,standardsandbest practices. Examples of these are AIXM, common Internet Protocols and web services, and acommon Service-Oriented Architecture. Interoperability is achieved via employment of commonspecifications to implement the service interfaces used for information exchange among ATMstakeholders. The coordinated development of these specifications is achieved through commongovernance, undertaken by SWIM stakeholders. In addition, there are common infrastructurecomponents that support the implementation of SWIM. Such common infrastructures include theSWIMserviceregistry,andthePublicKeyInfrastructure.

The SWIM concept is progressively being implemented by various regulatory bodies such asEUROCONTROLinEuropeandtheFAAintheUS.TheSWIMinformationservicesaredescribedindetailinEUROCONTROL’sservicecatalogue.

InadditiontotheservicesprovidedbySWIM,therearealsoopen-sourceinformationservicestailoredprimarilytomannedaviation.Thissectionwillthereforeprovideadetaileddescriptionoftheservicesoutlined in EUROCONTROL’s service catalogue, and thereafter we will describe the open-sourceinformationservices.ItisimportanttomentionthattheinformationservicesderivedinthefollowingsectionsareextractedwithrespecttoU-spaceserviceneedsi.e.,informationthatisdeemedusefulfordroneoperators/usersasoutlinedinChapter2.



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3.1.1 SWIMregistryservices

Below isa listof SWIMservicespotentiallyapplicable to theU-Spacedomain (source:https://eur-registry.swim.aero/my-registry)thatcovertheATMdatacategoriesreportedinFigure1:

Figure1–SWIMRegistryATMdatacategories

ThetableincludedinthisparagraphreportssomedetailsabouttheservicesrelatedtoSWIM,includingthecategorytheybelongtoandtheimplementationlevel.Acoupleofmoredetailedexamplesareprovidedin§3.1.1.1and§3.1.1.2withareferencetoapplicabilitytoU-spaceconcept.

Thelevelsofimplementationindicatedare:

• Readyforconsumption:serviceimplementedandvalidated;

• Terminated:developmentcompleted

• Underdevelopment

TheExcelfileattachedtothisdocumentallowstonavigateandfiltertheservicesdefinedintheSWIMregistry.

SWIMServices.xlsx

Organisationname ServiceName ATMdata

category ATMactivitycategory Levelofimplementation

1Spatial 1SpatialCloudAeronauticalInformation

AeronauticalInformationManagement

Readyforconsumption

AirportManagement

m-click.aero AeronauticalDataValidationServiceAeronauticalInformation

ATMInformationManagementReadyforconsumption

FlightAeronauticalInformationManagement

Other AirportManagement

TrajectoryManagement

TrajectoryPlanning

RouteAssignmentAndGuidance

RouteDesign

AirspaceAndSurfaceStructureDesign

CommunicationInfrastructure

m-click.aero AeronauticalDataValidationServiceAeronauticalInformation



AirportManagement

RouteDesign


AirspaceAndSurfaceStructureAllocatio

AirspaceAccess

ThalesAirSystems

AeronauticalInformationNotificationService(AINS)AeronauticalInformation

Readyforconsumption



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Avitech AeronauticalInformationFeatureService Meteorology ATMInformationManagementReadyforconsumption

AeronauticalInformation


MeteorologicalInformation

METInformationManagement

AirportManagement

Frequentis AeronauticalInformationMapAeronauticalInformation


Avitech AeronauticalInformationNotificationServiceAeronauticalInformation


Readyforconsumption

DSNA AIMMapFeature-AirspaceServiceAeronauticalInformation

ATMInformationManagementUnderdevelopment

EnvironmentAeronauticalInformationManagement

ATMNetworkManagement

AirspaceAccess

DSNA AIMMapFeature-eTOD&AMDBServiceAeronauticalInformation

NavigtionInfrastructureUnderdevelopment

Environment ATMInformationManagement

OtherAeronauticalInformationManagement

AirportManagement

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AirportCDM

CNSInfrastructure

SELEXES AirspaceStructureKMLservice Flight ATMInformationManagement Terminated



OtherAirspaceAndSurfaceStructureAllocation

SELEXES AIXM2KMLTranslationservice Flight ATMInformationManagement Terminated



Meteorology FlightInformationManagement

Environment METInformationManagement

CapacityDemandandFlow

AirportManagement

AirportCDM



AirspaceAndSurfaceStructureAllocation

DemandAndCapacityBalancing

Avitech AviationStatisticDataServiceAeronauticalInformation



Flight FlightInformationManagement



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SharedInformationServiceManagement

AirportCDM

Avitech AxLSDO5.1.ServiceAeronauticalInformation

ATMInformationManagementTerminated



AirportManagement

AirportCDM

IDS DigitalNOTAMdistributionservicesAeronauticalInformation


Underdevelopment

ConflictManagement

AirportManagement

EUROCONTROL EAD



Readyforconsumption

Flightradar24 Flightradar24ADS-Blivestream Flight CNSInfrastructureReadyforconsumption


SurveillanceInfrastructure

Meteorology ATMInformationManagement


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FlightInformationManagement

Surveillance MeteorologicalInformation



ConflictManagement

AirportManagement

AirportCDM

TrajectoryPlanning


TrafficSynchronisation

RouteDesign



AirspaceAccess


TrafficSequencing

PANSA Frase-FrequencyandsectorizationAeronauticalInformation

CommunicationInfrastructureUnderdevelopment

Other ATMInformationManagement

GCAAGCAADigitalNOTAM-SESARSWIMGlobalDemonstration






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SOLITECSoftwareSolutionsGmbH

GeodecticCalculationServices(GCS)AeronauticalInformation



RouteDesign


SELEXES METARService Meteorology METInformationManagementTerminated


AirportManagement

ATMInformationManagement

FAA NOTAMDistributionServiceAeronauticalInformation

TrajectoryManagementUnderdevelopment

TrajectoryPlanning

Frequentis RunwayManagementAeronauticalInformation

AirportManagementUnderdevelopment

SELEXES SNOWTAMService Meteorology METInformationManagementTerminated


AirportManagement


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SELEXES TAFService Meteorology ATMInformationManagementTerminated



AirportManagement

Avitech WeACWeatherService Flight FlightInformationManagementReadyforconsumption



Meteorology METInformationManagement

EnvironmentSharedInformationServiceManagement

AirportManagement

AirportCDM


INDRAES AIDCService Flight FlightInformationManagement -

SELEXES AirportFlightObjectdistributionservice Flight FlightInformationManagementTerminated

INDRAES ATCFlightObjectControlservice Flight FlightInformationManagement -

AirbusDefenceandSpace-Germany

ConSA(ContrailServiceforAviation) Flight METInformationManagement Underdevelopment

MeteorologyTrajectoryExecutionAndConformanceMonitoring

Environment TrajectoryPlanning




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SELEXES ExtendedRunwayManagementServiceCapacityDemandandFlow

AirportCDMTerminated

Flight DemandAndCapacityBalancing

AirportManagement

AirservicesAustralia

FlightInformationService:AustralianAirspace Surveillance ATMInformationManagement Readyforconsumption


FlightAware FlightAwareADS-Bdataservice Flight CNSInfrastructureUnderdevelopment

Surveillance SurveillanceInfrastructure

PildoLabs GNSSMonitoringServiceCapacityDemandandFlow

SurveillanceInfrastructureTerminated

Flight NavigtionInfrastructure



AirportManagement

AirportCDM



CNSInfrastructure

Luciad|

RPASVeryLowLevelOperationsCoordination(VLLOC)Platform-NotificationService

Environment ATMInformationManagementReadyforconsumption

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HexagonGeospatial



Luciad|HexagonGeospatial

RPASVeryLowLevelOperationsCoordination(VLLOC)Platform-ValidationService

Environment ATMInformationManagementReadyforconsumption



INDRAES SharedFlightObjectservice Flight FlightInformationManagement -

IATAS SWIMdatarecorder Environment NavigtionInfrastructureReadyforconsumption


CommunicationInfrastructure

Meteorology ATMInformationManagement


Surveillance MeteorologicalInformation

Other METInformationManagement


ConflictManagement

CollisionAvoidance

SeparationProvision

AirportManagement

AirportCDM

RouteDesign



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INDRAES TrackInformationService Flight TrafficSynchronisation -

Surveillance

SELEXES AirportMETInducedCapacityReductionServiceCapacityDemandandFlow

ATMInformationManagementTerminated


EUROCONTROL EUROCONTROLSurveillanceInformationService Surveillance SurveillanceInfrastructureReadyforconsumption


Avitech AerodromeMapInformationService Other CollisionAvoidance -

AirportManagement

AirportCDM


TrajectoryExecutionAndConformanceMonitoring

TrajectoryPlanning



DLR SpacecraftReentryHazardAreaService Other AirspaceAccessUnderdevelopment

METEOFRANCE

AeronauticalMETmessageservice Meteorology METInformationManagementTerminated

AirportManagement

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TrajectoryPlanning



SELEXES AirportMetNowcastService Meteorology AirportManagementTerminated



SELEXES AirportMetForecastService Meteorology AirportManagementTerminated



SELEXES AirportMETObservationService Meteorology METInformationManagementTerminated

IBLSoftwareEngineering

MET4DWxCubeWeatherCube Meteorology MeteorologicalInformationReadyforconsumption


SeparationProvision


TrajectoryPlanning

TrafficSynchronisation





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TrafficSequencing

METEOFRANCE

METatairportservice Meteorology METInformationManagementUnderdevelopment

AirportManagement


METEOFRANCE

MetHazardsService Meteorology METInformationManagementTerminated


TrajectoryPlanning



Avitech MeteorologicalDataService Meteorology MeteorologicalInformation -


EIGEUMETNETSESAR11.24DWeatherCube-AirportMETforecastservice

Meteorology METInformationManagementReadyforconsumption

AirportManagement


EIGEUMETNETSESAR11.24DWeatherCube-AirportMETobservationservice

Meteorology METInformationManagementTerminated

AirportManagement


EIGEUMETNETSESAR11.24DWeatherCube-METgriddedforecastservice



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EIGEUMETNETSESAR11.24DWeatherCube-METHazardEnRouteforecastservice





EIGEUMETNETSESAR11.24DWeatherCube-METHazardEnRouteobservationservice





EIGEUMETNET SESAR11.24DWeatherCube-METARservice Meteorology METInformationManagementReadyforconsumption

AirportManagement


EIGEUMETNET SESAR11.24DWeatherCube-SIGMETservice Meteorology METInformationManagementReadyforconsumption




EIGEUMETNET SESAR11.24DWeatherCube-TAFservice Meteorology METInformationManagementUnderdevelopment

AirportManagement



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METEOFRANCE

Windsaloftservice Meteorology METInformationManagementUnderdevelopment


TrajectoryPlanning



3.1.1.1 MeteorologicalInformationProvider:MeteoFrance

Types:

• AeronauticalMETmessageservice:Thisservicedeliversannex3aeronauticalmessageinIWXXM1.0format.

• METatairportservicev1.0:thisservicedeliversdetailedparametersonaselectionofairports

• MetHazardsServicev1.0:thisservicedeliversMEThazardsinformationinXMLformatover Europe. Concerned MET hazards are convection, icing and turbulence andcharacterized...

• Windsaloftservicev1.0:thisservicedeliversgriddedMETinformationthroughaWCSservice.AvailableMETparametersarewinddirection,windspeed,temperature.

Provider:EIGEUMETNET

Types:

• Airport MET forecast service: This service delivers a selection of forecasted METparameteratairport

• AirportMETobservation service: This servicedelivers a selectionof observedMETparameteratairport

• MET gridded forecast service: This service delivers gridded MET information overEurope

• METHazardEnRouteforecastservice:ThisservicedeliversMEThazardsinformationoverEurope

• MET Hazard EnRoute observation service: This service delivers MET hazardsobservationoverEurope

• METAR service: This service delivers METAR (METeorological Airport Report) inIWXXM1.0format

LinktoU-space:U2–Weatherinformation.ItshouldbeconsideredthatcurrentMETservicesdonotalwayshaveasufficientresolutiontoprovideaccurateinformationforVLLairspaceawayfromairports.Furthermore,there isnosufficientnetworkofgroundbarometerstoprovideQNHorQFEacrossthecontinent.AcommontransitionaltitudeshouldbedefinedforclassGairspace,belowwhichall traffic,mannedorunmanned,shouldusegeocentricaltitudeprovidedbysatellitenavigation. Inaddition,inVLLairspaceshouldbedesirabletopresentinformationabouthyperlocalwindconditionsinurbanandruralenvironment



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3.1.1.2 DigitalNOTAMdistributionProvider:IDS

WFSandEventServiceforDigitalNOTAMdistribution

Objective:

TheIDSEventServiceallowsDigitalNOTAMsmessagestobedistributedtointerestedclients.SuchDigitalNOTAMsmessagescanbefilteredwithrespecttotopicorgeometry.Inadditionto this push mode service, clients can also retrieve messages when required (pull modelservice).

Description:

The IDSWeb Feature Service (WFS) is a request/response servicewhich is based on opensourceGeoserverplatform.This is anextendedWFScapability that isnowable toprovideDigitalNOTAMdatainAIXM5.1format.

The IDSEventService isapublish/subscribemessaging system.For thispurpose, theOasis“WebServicesBrokeredNotification”standardisemployedformessageexchangebetween3entities.These3entitiesinclude;Publisher,BrokerandtheConsumer.ThiscanalsobeseeninFigure1.

APublisherisanentitythatproducesNotifications,inAIXMformat,andsendsittoaBroker.Moreover,apublishercandecideonthetopicofthenotification.

A Broker is the entity in-chargeof distributing notifications on-behalf of a Publisher and aConsumer.Inessence,theprimaryroleoftheBrokeristoactasamiddle-manforNotificationscreatedbyPublisherstoConsumerswhoholdasubscriptiontotheservice.

A Consumer is an end-user allowed to receive Notifications produced by a Publisher, anddeliveredbyaBrokerasaresultofasubscription.Inthiscontext,asubscriptionrepresentstherelationshipbetweenaConsumerandtheBroker.ItalsoincludesanyfilteringparameterssuchasTopicandspatialfilterexpressions.

Fromthefollowingfigureitcanbeseenthatthe3entitiesdescribedabovearecomprisedofspecificelements.ThePublisherentitycomprisesofaNotificationProducerInterfaceandaSubscriptionManageInterface.Next,theIDSBrokerisbuiltupfrom5elementscomprisingof;RegisterPublisherInterface,PublisherRegistrationManagerInterface,NotificationConsumerInterface.These3elements interactwiththePublishermodule.Theremaining2elements;NotificationProducerInterfaceandSubscriptionManagerInterface,primarilyinterfacewiththeConsumermoduleandmorespecifically,theNotificationConsumerelement.

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Figure2-EventServiceArchitecture

WebFeatureServiceGeneralCapabilitiesandDigitalNOTAMInformationRetrieval

TheWebFeature’ssupportedrequestmethodsare;

• GETrequestsfortheretrievalofmetadataabouttheWFSandfeaturetypesofMETinformation

• POSTrequestsforcreatingcomplexfeaturesusingfilters

ToemployWFScapabilitiesandhaveaccesstoDigitalNOTAMInformation,oneneedstobeaware of the WFS operations. There are 5 operational features, namely; GetCapabilities,DescribeFeatureType,GetFeature, LockFeature, andTransaction. Eachof theseoperationalfeaturesplaysaspecificroleinWFSandinobtainingDigitalNOTAMs.

EventServiceCapabilitiesandUse

As described previously, the IDS Event Service assigns a Notification Broker, and then theDigitalNOTAMsareproducedbyPublisherswhichisthenemployedbyconsumers.

LinktoU-space:

U2-DronetrafficmanagementservicesThescopeofinformationnecessaryfordronesgoesbeyondtraditionalAIS/AIM.Furthermore,informationshouldbedisseminatedthroughdigitisedapplications,



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presentinginformationtousersinauser-friendlyformat.TheNOTAMformattingistooobsoleteforthesepurposes.

3.1.2 EUROCONTROLservicecatalogue

TheEUROCONTROLservicecataloguegivesanoverviewofservicesprovidedbytheNetworkManagerDirectorate.Itcontainsdeliverablesandtoolsthatareprovided,aswellasaccessconditions,contactdetailsandlinksforobtainingmoreinformationabouteachindividualservice.

Thetermsaboutagreements,rulesandpoliciescanbefoundthroughthefollowinglinks:

http://www.eurocontrol.int/node/2071

http://www.eurocontrol.int/service-catalogue

3.1.2.1 Airport

3.1.2.1.1 AirportCapacityandPerformance

Table2-Airport:AirportCapacityandPerformance

Code Access TypeofService

Protocol DatasetType

C1-1 Restrictedaccesstospecificstakeholdergroups

SOAP Publish/Subscribe AIXM/NOTAMs

DescriptionofService:

TheAirportCapacityandPerformance(ACAP)servicehelpsintegrateairportoperationsintotheATMnetwork.Itenablesbetterpredictabilityandenhancesairportperformance.Itisalsousedtoconductairport/network performance analyses. In order to deliver this predictability and performance,network aspectswith regard to airport capacity need to bemanagedwell. To achieve this, timelyinformation of strategic, pre-tactical and tactical phases is required in addition to post-operationsanalysisformitigationandimprovementmatters.Furthermore,informationsuchasflightplansandflowmeasuresareemployedandcombinedwithstakeholderinformation(airlineoperators,airportoperators, airport slot coordinators and air navigation service providers) to create an informationbundle that is used for post-operational analysis which is then used to identify gaps in airportperformance.

TheACAPservicesprovidetheaboveinformationviatwodeliverablesviaadedicatedtool.

Deliverables:

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• AirportthroughputanalysisviathePerformanceIndicatorandAnalysisToolforAirport(PIATANeo)Simulationtool

• AirportconsolidatedplanningintheNetworkOperationsPlan

Tool:

• PIATANeo

PIATA is an analysis tool developed by EUROCONTROL that is used to analyse runway systemthroughputandairsideperformance.ThecurrentversionofthetoolisPIATANeo.Thistoolhassixkeyfeatures.

Features:

• PIATAprovidesuserswithkeyperformanceindicatorsandfacilitatesmaximumthroughputforairportairsideoperations

• PIATAiseasytocustomize

• Thetoolusesrealdataforsimulationpurposes

• Itisabletoconductperformanceanalysisandmodelling

• PIATAhasagraphicalinterfacedisplayingrunwayoperations

• ItalsoconductsTMAanalysiswhichisusedtostudycontrollers’tasks,sequenceefficiencyandusageofarrivalanddepartureprocedures

LinktoU-space:

TheaboveservicesprovidedviathePIATAtoolareprimarilyrelatedtoairportoperationaspectssuchas runway throughputandairsideperformance.These serviceshelpaircraftoperatorsplanbetter.However, this setof servicesdoesnotdirectly fulfil anyof thedroneoperator/user requirements.Although,asimilartoolcouldbeusefultofutureU-spaceservices(U4),especiallyatextremedronetraffic densities in urban areas. Such extreme traffic densities are estimated for drone deliveries.Therefore, drone delivery operators could employ a similar service that computes the throughputcapacityofdeliverydronelandings/take-offsatdeliverydistributioncentres(hubs).

U4–Dronehubcapacityanalysis

3.1.2.1.2 AirportInformationManagement

Table3-AirportInformationManagement



C1-3 Partiallyrestrictedserviceto




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specificstakeholdergroups

Description:

Airportinformationisregularlycapturedinordertooptimallyplan,manageandoperatetheEuropeanATMnetwork.ThisserviceenablestheearlyidentificationofissuesthatmayaffecttheperformanceoftheoverallEuropeanATMnetwork.Inaddition,thisserviceensuresthatcurrentandfutureairportoperationplansareconsidered,andthatsufficientcapacityisallocatedtomeetairporttrafficdemandsin Europe. Therefore, this service aggregates and validates airport information and supports theexchange of information between airports and EUROCONTROL. This gives EUROCONTROL thenecessaryairportinformationneededtoconductNetworkManagementfunctionsespecially,fortheEuropeannetworkcapacityplanningprocess,themanagementoflocalairportevents(e.g.airshows)whichmayimpactoperations,andthemonitoringandreportingontheATMnetworkperformance.Theaboveserviceisprovidedviathreedeliverables.

Deliverables:

• Airportinformationcollectionanddistribution

• Supportforshort,mediumandlong-termplanning

• Supportformonitoringandreportingonairportperformance

Tool:

• AirportCorner

TheAirportInformationManagementservicealsoprovidesuserswithatool.ThistoolisknownastheAirport Corner which covers a variety of strategic airport information, such as capacity, trafficforecasts, local events, diversion capabilities, airside/landside information, intermodality, adverseweatherconditions,TMA/approach,CDOandCDMimplementation,environmentalinformationandlocalcontacts.Informationontheaboveisprovidedfor70EuropeanairportsviatheAirportCornertool.

ForEuropeanairports,theAirportCornertoolprovidespublicaccessto10informationcategories.The10 information categories are shown in Table 4. It can be seen that each of the 10 informationcategoriescompriseofmoredetailedinformation

Table4-AirportCornerFeatures

InformationCategorises

Features

AirportCapacity CurrentCapacity Current–NormalCapacity

Terminalcapacity

Globalyearlycapacity

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Capacitiesfordifferentrunwayconfigurations:

• Runwayconfigurations

• Maxarrivals(movements/hr)

• Maxdepartures(movements/hr)

• Global(movements/hr)

• Optimum

Currentcapacityconstraints:

• TMA

• Passengerterminal

• Parkingpositions

• Runwaythroughout

Capacity – Adverseweatherconditions

Ceilingandvisibility:

• Arrivalcapacityreduction(%)

Winterweather:

• Freezingrainintensity

• Snowintensity

• Snowdepth

• Strongwindwarnings

ForecastCapacity

• Year

• Globalyearcapacity(movements/yr)

• Globalhourlycapacity(movements/hr)

TrafficForecasts Trafficincrease/decreaseforyear(confidentialinformation)

Ongoing & PlannedActivities

Airportactivitiesandeventimpactingoperations

• Eventname–e.g.Runway09/27maintenance

• Eventdescription–e.g.Runwaymaintenance

• StartDate/Time(UTC)

• EndDate/Time(UTC)



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• Status–e.g.ongoing

• Type(s)–e.g.Maintenance

• NOTAM

• Eventprobability

• Coordinationwithstakeholders–airportoperator,localATC,maincarrier,otherairlines,groundhandlers

• Additionalinformation

• Temporarynegativeimpact–e.g.weathercondition

Otherprojectstatus AirportCDMimplementation

Localcontacts:

• ANSP

• Airportoperator

• Airline(s)

• Groundhandler(s)

• GeneralPoint-of-Contact

Dedicatedairportwebsite

Generalprojectsetup

Localprojectimplementationstatus

• Milestones

• Variabletaxitimes

• Pre-departuresequence

• Adverseconditions

Airportintegrationwiththenetworkstatus

Airportairsidecapacityenhancementimplementation

Analysisanddelayreduction

GeneralInformation • Openinghours

• Environmentalconstraints

• Environmentalmanagement

WeatherManagement • Windmeasurementsystem

• Adverseweatherconditions

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• Processesandprocedures–Lowvisibility,de-icing,cross/tail/headwindspublishedinlocalAIP

TMA/Approach Separationandspacingproceduresandpractices

• Separationminima

• Applicationofseparationminima

• Controlandapplicationofseparationduringapproach

CDOContinuousDescentOperations

• CDOoperatingtimes

• CDOaltitude

CCOContinuousClimbOperations

AirportinformationonCCO

• CCOdepartureprocedure

• Radarvectoring

TMAchanges IndicationofTMAchanges

TrafficMix Flights Trafficmixinpeakhours

Passengers Passengertypes

InfrastructureServices Airsideinformation Runwayconfigurations • RWYconfiguration

• Modeofoperations

Runwaydesignators • RWYdirection

• Arrivalstatus

• Departurestatus

Systems • Activesurfacemovementradar

• A-SMGCSlevel

Landsideinformation Air-railintermodalitytype

Contacts • AirportCEO

• AirportCOO

• Airportsinglepointofcontact(POC)(tactical/operational)

• AirportPOC(Pre-tactical)

• AirportoperatorsinglePOC(strategic)

• AirportoperatorsinglePOC(post-operational)

• ANSPsinglePOC(strategic)

• ANSPsinglePOC(post-operational)



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• DiversioncapabilitiesPOC

• METserviceprovider–e.g.KNMIRoyalNetherlandsMeteorologicalInstituteforAMS

• CrisismanagementPOC

DiversionCapabilities Dependentonairport

LinktoU-space:

Asdescribedabove, theAirportCorner toolprovidesasetofservices thatmaybeuseful fordroneoperators/users.Trafficmixinformationprovidesdatapertainingtotrafficinformationi.e.,real-timepositioning informationof aircraft. TheAirport Corner tool alsodeliversweather information. Thiscategory of information may be used by drone operators for determining the local weatherinformation.However, the usability of this information to droneoperators/users is limited. This isbecause drone operators/users require hyperlocal weather information. Furthermore, informationwithregardtoongoingandplannedactivities(e.g.airshows)providecriticaldataforcreatingdynamicgeofencing(temporaryno-dronezones)topreventhindranceofdroneoperationstotheseactivities.

U2-Trafficinformation,Weatherinformation

U3-Dynamicgeofencing

3.1.2.2 Planning,performancemonitoringandanalysis

3.1.2.2.1 Strategicplanning



C2-1 Public SOAP Publish/Subscribe AIXM

Description:

Strategic planning is the process in which guiding principles are defined for long-term networkoperations.Thisservicedrivesthecollaborativeplanningprocess.Itallowsoperationalstakeholderstodefinesharedperformancetargetsanddesignplans.

StrategicplanningaidsinachievingnetworkperformancetargetsfortheSingleEuropeanSky(SES).Moreover,ithelpsoptimiseperformanceacrossthenetworkmanagersareas.Thisserviceconsistsoftwodeliverables.

Deliverables:

• NetworkStrategyPlan(NSP)

• NetworkPerformancePlan(NPP)

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AnnexAofdocument[3]fromEUROCONTROL,outlinesasetofNSPactionsandpilotcommonprojectsfrom2014-2019.ThisisdoneinordertoachievethenetworkperformancetargetsfortheSES.TheNSPactionsconsistoftenkeystrategicobjectives(SO)thatspanacrossa5-yearperiod.Eachofthesetenstrategicobjectivesarefurthersub-dividedintosub-strategicobjectives.EachoftheseSO’saredescribedinthefollowingtables.

Table5-NSPActionLegend

Table6-NSPAction-DecisionMaking

Table7-NSPAction-InformationManagementSystem

Table8-NSPAction-Airspace



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Table9-NSPAction-CapacityManagement

Table10-NSPAction-AirTrafficFlowManagement

Table11-NSPAction-Airports

Table12-NSPAction-Safety,Security,Robustness

Table13-NSPAction-CommunicationNavigationandSurveillance

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Table14-NSPAction-HumanCapital

Table15-NSPAction-PrepareforReferencePeriod3

The final deliverable of this service, the NPP, contains performance targets for all relevant keyperformanceareasandforallperformanceindicators.TheNPPdescribestheintendedcontributionofthenetworkmanagertotheoverallnetworkperformance.

LinktoU-space:

Strategic network organization of the airspace is equally applicable toU-space. However, U-spaceservicesrequirenetworkstrategiesforVeryLowLevelaltitudeandprimarilyinurbanenvironments.ThespecificserviceprovidedbyNSPandNPPdeliverablesdonotaddressthelatter.Conversely,thenotionofnetworkstrategicplancouldbesuitableforfutureU-spaceserviceswhichcouldpotentiallybedevelopedandimplementedinU4.

U4–StrategicurbannetworkplanningforVLLoperations

3.1.2.2.2 Operationsplanning



A2-2 Public SOAP Publish/Subscribe AIXM and WebAccess

Description:



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Theoperationsplanningserviceamalgamatesforecastsandplansacrossallpartners involvedinairtrafficmanagementoperationsandalso fromEUROCONTROLunits in chargeof flow, capacityandairspacemanagement.ThisserviceintegratesplansinordertoimproveEurope’sairspacedesignanditsutilization.

Operations planning provides demand forecast, design for European airspace, enhancedASM/ATFCM/ATSprocessesandATMprocedures,andimprovedATFCMplanningacrossallplanningprocesses.

Theoperationsplanningservicecontainsasingledeliverableandatool.

Deliverable:

• NetworkOperationsPlan(NOP)

TheNOPprovidesacommonviewoftheATMnetworksituationforEurope.Thisissharedamongsttheentireaviationcommunity.ItprovidesinteractiveaccesstotheEuropeanATFCMnetworksituationwhichincorporatesthecurrentinformationanduserrequests. Inaddition,theNOPprovidestrafficdemand and capacity plans, it identifies bottlenecks, and presents theATFCMandASMmeasuresplanned.

TheNOPservestwoprimarypurposes,namely:

• Monitorreal-timestatusoftraffic,airspaceandATFCMmeasures

• Collaborativeplanningofpan-Europeanoperationsfromthestrategictothetacticalphases,thereforeallowingfortheoptimaluseofavailableATMcapacity

Tool:

TheaboveinformationcanbeobtainedviatheNetworkOperationsPortaltool[5].Thetoolisfreeforpublicaccessandprovidesusefulinformation.

Thetoolprovidesresourcestoolsforlearning,post-operationscapabilities,tactical,pre-tacticalandstrategiccapabilities.

Sub-tools Dataservice

Resources • SKYbrary – an electronic repository ofdatarelatedtoATMandaviationsafety

• Training – network operations coursesandtraining,NOPcourses

• NMdevelopments–networkoperationssystems overview, NM releaseinformation

• NM operations overview – networkoperations overview, ATFCMmanagement, flight planning, airspace

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data, NM main areas of operations,EuropeanAISdatabase

• Servicecatalogue

• Claims – central claim managementsystem

• OneSky Online – EUROCONTROL’sextranet(securedarea)

• Contacts–NMcontacts

• PortalAccess

• NMreleaseinformation

• NMnews

• Networkoperationshandbook

• Charts – EUROCONTROL cartographyserviceproducespan-Europeanstandardand tailored maps to support ATMstakeholdersinachievingitsactivities

Post-operations • PostoperationsanalysisofATMevents

• Network operations monitoring andreporting – monthly networkperformancereports

• AIM

• Initial network plan – network plan,networkstaticmap

• CODA–centralofficefordelay(publishesregularandad-hocreportsondelays)

• Currentnetworksituationmap:



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• Post operations ATFCM networksituationdata:

Tactical • Initialnetworkplan–networkplan

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• ATFCM measures (scenarios) – thescenariosaimatoptimizingthecapacityacrossACCsinEurope.

• Traffic counts – monitoring of trafficusinghourlyentrycounts

• Contactofreal-timeoperationssupport

• LatestATFCMnews

• Flightinformationmonitor–liveupdatesofflightinformation

• Networkoperationsweatherassessment– network weather for ECAC area andalertsregardingsevereweatherthatmayaffectATMcapacity

• Airspace monitoring of unexpectedevents–dynamicairspacesituationanditsimpactonflightsandsectors

Pre-tactical • Europeanoperationsdailyplans

• Flight information, measures, andairspacedata

• Scenarioanalysis

• Flight planning and pre-departureassistance



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Strategic • Networkoperationsstrategicplan–viewtheACCandairportpages,specialeventsetc.

• Calendarofevents–viewATFCMeventsandgeneralevents

• Airspacestructurechanges

• ACCplanning

• Airportplanningperairport

LinktoU-space:

CertainservicesprovidedbytheNOPtoolcouldbeusedtorealizecertainU-spaceservicessuchasflightplanningmanagementandstrategicde-confliction(U2).ThisisbecauseNOPprovidesitsuserswith real-time statusupdatesof traffic, airspaceandATFCM.However, this service is restricted todrones,sincedroneswillprimarilyoperate inVLLunderextremetrafficdensities.Therefore,droneoperatorswillrequireATFCMatVLLinurbanenvironmentsandtheywillneedtheroleofthenetworkmanagertobeentirelyautomatedbecauseoftheestimatedextremetrafficdensities.

U2-Flightplanningmanagement,Strategicde-confliction

U4-ATFCMatVLLservices

3.1.2.2.3 Strategiceventplanning



A2-3 ThisserviceisdeliveredunderthetermsandconditionsofthestandardagreementbetweenEUROCONTROLandtheinterestedANSPs.


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Description:

Thestrategiceventplanningservicelooksintoanyisolatedeventsinordertoevaluatethenetworkimpact. The service provides a set of tools in order to mitigate any potential capacity/demandimbalances caused by isolated events. In the strategic phase, a toolbox that consist ofmitigationmeasuresisusedtominimizetheimpactofaneventonthenetwork[6].Thetoolboxconsistsof:

• Simulations

• Staffplanning

• Configurationmanagement

• Networkcoordination

• Scenarios/regulations

• Europeanunionrestrictions

• Routeavailabilitydocument

Typicaleventswhichcouldpotentiallyinfluenceanetworkinclude:

• Airspaceimprovement

• Airportrelated(e.g.runwayworks)

• Recurrent(e.g.art,sport,summits,orair-shows)

• Seasonal(e.g.skiaxis)

• Military(e.g.militaryexercises)

• Systemchanges/implementations

RecurrentandseasonaleventsaffecttheATFCMnetworkinapredictablemanner.ThisallowsATMactorstooptimisethenetworkthroughappropriateaxismanagement.Onthecontrary,occasional,orad-hoc events can potentially create additional traffic demand and possible local congestion.Moreover,themilitaryeventsarepredominantlymilitarytrainingexercises.ThesemilitaryexercisesarecoordinatedwiththenationalAirspaceManagementCells(AMC)andconcernedACCs,thenetworkmanagerandaircraftoperators.

Therearetwodeliverablesrelatedtotheaboveservices[6].

Deliverables:

• SpecificeventmanagementsupportforANSPs

• ATFCMmeasures(scenarios)tobeappliedduringtheevent

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LinktoU-space:

Thestrategiceventserviceisofhighimportancetodroneoperators.DroneoperatorscouldusetheinformationprovidedintheNOPtooltodefinetemporaryno-dronezonesduringad-hoceventssuchasmilitaryexerciseandairshows.Moreover,droneoperatorscouldutilizetheseservices for flightplanningmanagementandalsoforstrategicde-confliction.

U2-Flightplanningmanagement,Strategicde-confliction,tacticalgeofencing

U3-Dynamicgeofencing

3.1.2.2.4 Airtrafficdemanddata



A6-1 Partiallyrestrictedservice.Somedeliverablesarepublic,andsomearerestrictedtospecificstakeholders.

SOAP Publish/Subscribe AIXM and WebAccess

Description:

TheairtrafficdemanddataserviceprovidesATMactorsacrossEuropewithaccuratepastandfutureairtrafficdemandinordertosupporttheirrespectivenetworkoperationsplanningprocess.

IntentionsofflightsfromairportsandairlinesarecollectedviatheDemandDataRepository(DDR).Thisdataisusedtoimprovetheaccuracyoftrafficdemandforecasts(enrichmentofhistoricaltrafficdata).

Airtrafficdemanddataserviceisprovidedviatwodeliverables[7].

Deliverables:

• Strategictrafficforecast

• Pre-tacticaltrafficforecast

Thestrategictrafficforecastcreatesconsolidatedtrafficforecastswithcalculated4Dtrajectorydata.Thisisdone18monthsinadvancewithcollectedDDRintentions.Theseconddeliverable,pre-tacticaltraffic forecast,produces trafficdemandforecast from6daysbefore thedayofoperations.This isperformed using historical data augmentedwith the DDR tool, collected flight intentions and theforecastNATtracks.

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Figure 1 portrays the pre-tactical planning process employed for the pre-tactical traffic forecastdeliverable. Figure 1 displays threemain components of the pre-tactical planning process, namelyenrichment,routeassignmentandNATflowssubstitution.

In the enrichment component, the historical traffic data is compared with DDR collected flightintentions.Thisiscarriedoutinordertostudypastflightsthatwereoperated,andincludetheminfuture flights (confirmed flights). Flight intentions that donotmatchwithhistorical flight data areconsideredasnewflightswhilepastflightsthatdonotcorrelatewithflightintentionsaredefinedasdeleted flights. Therefore, the enrichment process clearly identifies confirmed, new and deletedflights,andthusmakesthetrafficforecastmorepragmatic.

Intherouteassignment,historicalflightroutesareusedasthe“bestguess”flightroutesforfutureflights.Thisisnotalwaysthecasesincenodeviationisassumed,however,itaidsinforecasts.Newflightintentionsareassignedto4Droutesusinganalgorithmbasedonhistoricalroutesbetweenoriginanddestinationby the sameordifferentairline.TheNAT flowsubstitutioncomponent substitutesNorthAtlanticTrackdatafromotherhistoricalNATdata.ThisisdoneinordertoreflectchangesinoceanictrafficthataffectNorthAtlantictraffic.

TheabovedataisaccessibletoauthorizedATMstakeholdersonly.

Figure3-Pre-tacticalplanningoverview[7]

LinktoU-space:

TheaboveAirTrafficDemanddataservicesprovideinformationpertainingtostrategicandpre-tacticaltraffic forecasts. Such information can be used for flight planningmanagement (U2) and dynamiccapacitymanagement(U3).

U2-Flightplanningmanagement



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U3-Dynamiccapacitymanagement

3.1.2.2.5 Capacityassessmentandplanning



A3-4 AllEuropeanANSPsareeligibleforthisservicestakeholders.

SOAP Publish/Subscribe AIXM and WebAccess

Description:

Thenetworkmanagerconductsanannualassessmentofthedeliveredandrequiredcapacityforthemediumterm.ThisisconductedtoassistANSPsinlocalplanningevents.Thecapacityassessmentisconductedatanetwork levelfortherespectiveareacontrolcentreswithinthenetworkmanager’sarea. The assessment takes into consideration the agreed delay targets, the traffic forecast, theexpectedtrafficdistributionovertheroutenetwork,andthebalancebetweencostofdelayandcostofairnavigationserviceprovision.

Thecapacityassessmentandplanningserviceisprovidedbyonedeliverable.

Deliverable:

• Networkoperationsplan

Theservicehastwosetsoftools.

Tools:

• Networkoperationsportal

• Networkstrategicmodellingtool.

Sectorcapacitiescanalsobeanalysedbythenetworkmanager.ThisiscarriedoutusingtheATCSectorCapacityAnalyser(CAPAN)methodologywhichusesfast-timesimulationstocalculatethecapacityofanATCsectorbasedonthecontroller’sworkload.

ThescopeofthecapacityassessmentandplanningserviceisdepictedinFigure2.ItisimportanttonotethatthisservicetakesplaceattheACClevelwhichallowsformedium-termplanningratherthanstrategic, pre-tactical, tactical and post-Ops conducted by the ATFCM. Therefore, the capacityassessmentandplanningallowfortheidentificationofcapacitygapsandbottlenecksearlyon.ThisallowsbetterdialoguestotakeplacebetweenstakeholdersandforATFCMtodevelopmeasurestoaddress capacity short falls and bottlenecks. Notably from Figure 2, it can be seen that post-Opsanalysis resultsare fedback into thecapacityassessmentandplanningprocesshence,making itacyclicalprocess.

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Figure4-Capacityassessmentandplanningscope[8]

LinktoU-space:

SimilartotheAirTrafficDemanddataservice,theCapacityAssessmentandPlanningserviceprovidesinformation that is useful for drone flight planning management (U2) and dynamic capacitymanagement(U3).


U3-Dynamiccapacitymanagement

3.1.2.3 Flowandcapacitymanagement

3.1.2.3.1 Strategic,pre-tacticalandpost-operationsairtrafficflowandcapacitymanagement



B3-1 Accessprovidedunderagreement

SOAP Subscription FIXM

Description:

AirTrafficFlowandCapacityManagement(ATFCM)allowsairlinestooperatesafeandefficientlybyoptimizingtrafficflowswithrespecttoairtrafficcontrolcapacity[12].

The ATFCM collects and processes real-time data from airports, area control centres and aircraftoperators.TheATFCMalsopreparesandpublishesregulationplans,ATFCMscenariosandmeasuresinadditiontopreparationoftrafficforecastsimulations.



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ATFCMissegmentedinto4phases;strategic,pre-tactical,tacticalandpost-operational.

The first phase is the strategic phase which takes place not less than 7 days before the day ofoperation.Atthisstage,thenetworkmanagerhelpsANSPspredicttherequiredcapacityperairtrafficcontrolcentreinanoptimalway.Thisalsoincludespreventingcapacityanddemandimbalancesforeventsoccurringaweekormoreinthefuture.Anexampleofsucheventsincludemilitaryexercise,airshowsetc.

Thepre-tacticalphasetakesplace1to6daysbeforethedayofoperations.Duringthisphase, thenetworkmanagercoordinatesthedefinitionofthedailyplan,the initialnetworkplan,and informsATCunitsandtherespectiveairlineswithregardtoATFMmeasuresinEurope.

Thetacticalphasetakesplaceonthedayofoperation.Thenetworkmanagermonitorsandupdatesthedailyplanbasedonthecurrentsituationandcontinuouscapacityoptimization,accordingtoreal-timetrafficdemand.And,whenaircraftareaffected,thecentreoffersalternativestominimizedelays.

Thepost-operationalphaseisthelastphaseinwhichananalysisisconductedinordertomeasure,investigateandreportoperationalprocessesrelevanttoATFCM.Thisphasecomparestheactualplantotheanticipatedplaninordertodevelopbestpracticesandmakeimprovements.

Thisserviceisenabledbythreedeliverablesandasetoffourtools[12].

Deliverables:

• Collectionandprocessingofreal-timedatafromareacontrolcentres,aircraftoperatorsandairports

• Preparationandpublicationofregulationplans,ATFCMscenarios,ATFCMmeasures

• Preparationoftrafficforecastsimulations

Tools:

Moreover, the service includes four tools; Enhanced Tactical FlowManagement System (ETFMS),Network Operations Portal (this tool was explained previously), Collaboration Human MachineInterface(CHMI),NetworkManagerBusiness-to-businessWebServices.

The ETFMS is employed to conduct traffic demand comparisons with the available capacity of aparticularATCsector[13].ThistoolisakeyenablerofATFCMservices,especiallyduringtacticalandpre-tacticaloperations.TheETFMShastwoprimaryfunctions,namelycalculationoftrafficdemandineachnetworkmanager’ssectorusingflightplaninformationfromaircraftoperatorsinitialflightplan,andslotallocations[13].ETFMSimprovestherealpictureofagivenflightfrompre-planningtoarrivalof the flight to its respective gate. TheETFCM thereforeprovides thenetworkmanageroperationcentrewithaccurateupdateofthereal-timeflightsituationpriortotake-offandarrivaltime[13].

ThespecificETFMSdataprovidedincludes:

• Estimatedtake-offtime

• Taxiingtime

• Departureroute(SID)

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• Aircrafttypeandregistration

• Firstsystemactivationdata,airborneupdates(flightplan,aircraftpositionreportdata),FAAdepartureplanninginformation

• Correlatedpositionreports

Theaboveinformationisobtainedfromsourcessuchas:

• AircraftCommunications,AddressingandReportingSystems(ACARS)

• IntegratedInitialFlightPlanProcessingSystem(IFPS)flightupdatemessages

• Departure Planning Information (DPI) from airports with implemented CDM systems andprocedures

• FAA

• Participatingcompaniesthathaveaircraftoutsidethenetworkmanager’sarea

TheETFMSalsomonitorsevolutionofflightdatareceivedfromthenetwork.ThisisperformedbytheFlightActivationMonitoring(FAM)functionwhichidentifiesflightsonthegroundthatareexpectedtotake-off.Usingthisdata,theFAMisabletoadjusttherespectiveflightplansforanyunexpecteddelayin take-off. By accounting for pre-departure delays in real-time, allows for ATFM slots to becomevacantforotherflightshence,reducingthedelaysforflightswhicharenotairborneyet.Thisessentiallyimprovesthenetworkpredictabilityfurther[14].

Thenexttool,CHMI,isanindependentapplicationwhichprovidesagraphicalinterfacefornetworkoperationssystems.Thisallowsuserstodisplaydataandgraphicalinformationsuchasroutes,routeattributes,airspaces,flighttracksetc.Thisreal-timedataenablesCDMbetweenallpartners(aircraftoperators, flow management positions, environmental coordinators, airport towers and airspacemanagementcells).

The final tool,networkmanagerbusiness-to-businessweb services is an interfacewhichprovidesaccesstodataandservicesovertheinternet.Theservicesprovidedbythistoolinclude[15]:

• Flight services i.e., flight plan preparation, flight plan management, flight data retrieval,departureplanninginformation,flightupdateinformation

• Airspaceservicesi.e.,airspacestructure,FUA,airspaceavailability

• Trafficflowservicesi.e.,ATFCMsituation,trafficcounts,tacticalupdates

• Generalinformationservicesi.e.,ATFMinformationmessages,webservicesinformation

• Publish/subscribeservicesi.e.,subscriptionmanagementandmessageconsumption

This tool makes it easier for EUROCONTROL stakeholders to gain access to information held byEUROCONTROLandinaddition,thetoolimprovesthequalityandaccuracyoftheexchangeddata.

LinktoU-space:



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Informationprovidedby theETFMS tool suchas, flightplans,aircraftposition report, taxiing time,departureroutesetc.,canbeusedbydroneoperatorsforflightplanningmanagement.Furthermore,tocopewiththeenvisionedextremedronetrafficscenariosintheairspace,additionalprotocolsfordroneswillneedtobeinplacetocontrolandmanagetheflowofextremedronetrafficinadditiontoemployinggeofencing/geocaging,whichlimitadrone’s3Dposition.

In manned aviation, protocols such as speed restrictions, segregated airspaces, separatedeparture/arrivalzones,semi-circularrulesetc.,areutilizedtooptimizetheflowofairtrafficwhichresults inanincreaseinairspacecapacity.Thereforeprotocolssuchasspeedrestrictionsandsemi-circular rulesneeds tobe incorporated intoU-space serviceshence, allowing for airspace capacitymaximization.Morespecifictodroneflights,geovectoring,atermcoinedbytheDREAMSconsortiumpartner,TUDelft,canbeemployedalongsidegeofencing/geocaging[62].Geovectoringcanbeappliedbyspecifyingan3Dspace(geocagearea)whichencloseasetofdrones(seeFigure5).Thereafter,3Dspeedrestrictionscanbeappliedtoalldroneswithintheenclosedarea.Geovectoringwillallowforthecontrolandmanagementofvectorssuchasgroundspeed,headingangleandverticalspeedofdrones. This concept is fundamentally crucial for enabling the possibility of extreme drone trafficdensities that isenvisioned for theurbanairspace.As result, thenotionofgeovectoringshouldbefurtherinvestigatedinasimulationenvironment.

Figure5-Illustrationofgeofencing,geocaging,andgeovectoringprotocols[62]

U2-Flightplanningmanagement,Pre-tacticalgeovectoring,strategicgeovectoring

U3-Tacticalgeovectoring

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3.1.2.4 Airspaceandaeronauticaldataservices

3.1.2.4.1 Aeronauticalinformation



B1-1 Restrictedaccess

SOAP Publish/Subscribe AIXM/NOTAM/XML

Description:

All countries which are part of EUROCONTROL’s area of operations exchange their airspace andaeronauticaldataviaacentralizedsystem.Thisguaranteesthataeronauticaldataisfreeoferrors.Thecentralized systemmanages aeronautical information thus ensuring the flow of aeronautical datarequired for the safety, regularity, economy and efficiency of international air navigation. ThecentralizedsystemforaeronauticaldatamanagementcontainsthelargestAISdatabaseintheworld.This database contains quality-assured aeronautical information and provides state-of-the-art AISsolutions.Itconsistsofthreeelements:staticdataoperations(SDO), internationalnoticetoairmenoperations(INO),andpublishedaeronauticalinformationpublicationmanagementsystem(PAMS).

TheAeronauticalInformationserviceconsistsofsixdeliverables.

Deliverables:

• Staticdataoperations(SDO)

• InternationalNOTAMoperations(INO)

• PublishedAIPmanagementsystem(PAMS)

• Airtrafficservicesreportingoffice(ARO)briefingfacility

• AIP,amendments,supplements,AirspaceIndexCharts(AIC)andchartsproduction

• Otheradditionalservices

TheStaticDataOperationsisthecentralrepositoryoftheEuropeanAISdatabaseinAIXMformat[22].TheSDOallowsdataproviderstomaintainthestaticdatafortheirrespectiveairspaceareasanditalsoallowsthemtogainaccesstostaticdatafromotherareasbecauseofitscentralizednature.SuchstaticdataincludesATCsectorboundariesandairroutes.

TheareascoveredunderSDOconsistofthefollowing:

• Aerodromeinformation,i.e.,proceduresandobstacles

• En-routeinformation,i.e.,airspaces,routes,nav-aidsandwaypoints

• Generalinformation(organization,authorityandunits)



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AccesstoSDOisprovidedviatheEuropeanAISdatabasetool.

TheInternationalNOTAMOperationsdeliverableprovidesuserswithaccesstoworldwideprocessedand validated NOTAM information [23]. The INO permits its respective data providers to create,maintainanddisseminateNOTAMS,SNOWTAMandASHTAM.ThisisimplementedforeachrespectiveNOTAMoffice.ByprovidinghighqualityandconsistentdataviaasinglerepositoryensuresthattheNOTAMsaremanagedoptimallybytheINO.Furthermore,theINOmakesavailableNOTAMtemplatesinconjunctiontorequestingforproposals.Additionally,theINOallowsforNOTAMstobemonitoredbyestimatedNOTAM,NOTAMhistoryandNOTAMproposals.

ThePublishedAIPManagementSystemprovidesavailabilityofanelectroniclibraryforstorageandretrievalofaeronauticaldocuments.Suchaeronauticaldocumentsincludemapsandcharts,whicharestored in PDF or XML format [24]. PAMS caters to data providers as well as data users. For dataprovidersthePAMSsupportsthepublicationofAIPinformationinthecentralizedEADAIPlibrary[24].Inaddition, itallowsdataproviderstostoreandmanage:AIP,amendments,supplements,AICandchartsinadocumentlibrary.Furthermore,PAMSpermitstheautomaticcreationofNOTAMproposals.Similarly,fordatausers,PAMSallowsforaeronauticaldocumentstobesearchedbasedoneffectivedateanddocumentheading.Hence,itsimplifiesthesearchforaeronauticaldocuments.

TheAROBriefingFacilitydeliverablecreatesandmanagesflightplansandintegratesitintheEADfordata users. It is primarily designed to handle flight plans.Moreover, it processes all incoming andoutgoing Aeronautical Fixed TelecommunicationNetwork (AFTN)messages and then provides thisinformationtotheuser.ThisallowsuserstoautomaticallygenerateorscheduleaPIBforaplannedflight[25].Insummary,theARObriefingfacilityenablesusersto:

• Create,validateanddistributeflightplans

• Managerepetitiveflightplans

• ManageclientinformationandAFTNaddresses

• Monitoractualtrafficsituation

• Identifythestatusofdifferentflightplans

• ManageincomingandoutgoingAFTNmessages

Theabovesetoffeaturesmeetstheuserrequirementswhichare:thecreationandmanagementofflightplans,asingleaccessareaforNOTAMinformation,andaccesstopre-flightinformation.

The deliverable,AIP/Charts production, generates andmaintains AIP documents and aeronauticalcharts automatically from SDO [26]. The AIP production tool allows: different versions of an AIPdocumentstobemanagedusingtheAIPmanager,tomodifyadocument,andtocreatedocumentamendments in PDF/XML format. Furthermore, chart production is utilized for creating andmaintainingaeronauticalchartsthataredefinedinanAIP.Staticinformationsuchasaerodrome,FIR,etc.,areusedforthischartcreationprocess.Thechartproductiontoolgivesuserstheabilitytosetup,compose,synchronise,update,publishandmaintainachart.

Thefinaldeliverable,providesclientswithadditionalservices,suchas[27]:

• 24hoursclientservicedesktoprocessaeronauticalinformation

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• Periodicdataqualityreviews

• Updateofsystem,databaseandoperationswhennewstandardsareintroduced

• Migrationsupporti.e.,supportclientsfromtransitioningbetweensystems

• Usergroupforumstoextractnewclientneeds

• CosteffectiveintegratedAISsolutions

Clientscanthereforeusetheabovefeaturestotakecompleteadvantageoftheservices.

TheabovedeliverablesfortheAeronauticalInformationserviceisprovidedviaacriticaltool.

Tool:

• EuropeanAISDatabase(EAD)

The EAD is the largest AIS which is basically a centralized reference database of quality-assuredaeronautical information with advanced AIS solutions [28]. The EAD is a single source for allaeronautical data requirements. It offers immediate access to the most up-to-date aeronauticalinformationfromtheECACarea,globalNOTAMsandPIBs.

ThetypicalEADdatausersinclude:

• AISorganizations,ANSPsandmilitaryadministrationsfromECACareas

• Aircraftoperators

• Internationalorganizations

• Privatepilots

• Commercialusers

• Thegeneralpublic

InorderforuserstogainaccesstotheEADtool,a“servicerequest”formneedstobecompletedandsubmittedwithdefinedservicerequirementssuchasINO,SDO,PAMS.Thisservicerequestformcanbeaccessedvia[29].

LinktoU-space:

TheEADtoolsprovidesseveralservicesthatcanbedeemedusefulfordroneoperators.Theservicespresented above indicate its use for drone flight planning management, strategic de-conflictions,trackingandtrafficinformation(real-timetrafficsituationofmannedaviation).

U2-Flightplanningmanagement,Strategicde-confliction,Tracking,Trafficinformation

3.1.2.4.2 Airspacedata



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B1-2 AccesstoEUROCONTROLmemberstatesandforthecomputerisedflightplanserviceprovideroperatinginEUROCONTROLarea

Publish?

OrSubscription?

LARA–REST AIXM/NOTAM/XML

LARA-JSON

Description:

Airspacedataismanagedandorganizedinordertoprovidethenetworkmanageroperationalsystems(Integrated Initial Flight Plan Processing Systems (IFPS) and Enhanced Tactical FlowManagementSystem(ETFMS))systemwithairspaceinformation[30].

Theairspaceinformationconsistsof:

• ECACairspaceinfrastructure

• OperationalunpublisheddatacollectedfromANSPse.g.,taxi-timesetc.,

• SpecificnonAIPdatarequiredtoperformtheATFCM/ASMfunctione.g.,trafficvolumes

• Airspacemanagementoperationaldata required forEuropeanAirspaceUsePlan/EuropeanUpdatedAirspaceUsePlan(EAUP/EUUP)publication

• Restrictionimplementationrequiredtovalidateflightplans

• LibrarywithaddressesfordistributingETFMS/IFPSmessagestoaircraftoperatorsandANSPs

Thenetworkmanageroperationcentrefilterstheabovedescribedinformationandusesthisfilteredinformation toupdate theCentralAirspaceandCapacityDatabase (CACD)andperformsvalidationbeforetheinformationdisseminated.

Theairspacedataserviceissuppliedviafivedeliverables.

Deliverables:

• CACD, or environment data updates accessible via the Collaboration Interface for RemoteEnvironmentAccess(CIREN)

• Environmentreport

• ElectronicrestrictionpublishedviathenetworkmanagerB2Bwebservices

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• e-AIMviathenetworkmanagerB2BwebservicesandEAUP,orEUUPviatheNOP

• operationalairspacedatarequiredforrestrictionsandalltheobjectsthatarereferredtovianetworkmanagerB2Bwebservices

Theabovedeliverablesareprovidedviaasetofairspacetools[74].

Tools:

• CollaborationHumanMachineInterface(CHMI)

• NetworkmanagerB2Bwebservices

• NetworkOperationsPortal(NOP)

• LocalAndsub-RegionalAirspacemanagementsupportsystem(LARA)

Thefirstthreetoolshavebeenexplaininthepriorsections.However,theLARAtoolisuniquetotheAirspaceDataservice.ThistoolmaybeofinterestforU-spaceservices,orforitsdevelopment.

LARAwas developed in order to improve airspace management processes by providing airspacevisibilitytocivilandmilitaryusers[31].Itasoftware(codedinJava)providedbyEUROCONTROLfreeofchargetoECACmemberstates.Thisallowsforbettercollaborativedecision-makingwithrespecttoairspacemanagement.Theprimaryaimofthistool istocreateaharmonisednationalandregionalairspacemanagement support system. In addition, LARA provides live situational awareness to itsusers. The tool is built around a performant server and an architecture offering multiple clientsseamlessaccesstoASMfunctions[31].

LARAprovidesanuser-friendlyinterface.Theinterfaceallowsforonlineairspacereservation,enabletransparent coordination and maximises automation of routine tasks. Furthermore, situationalawarenessisprovidedviaareal-timestatusupdate.Thisimprovesandenhancesthesafetyforallitsusers.Importantly,thetooladaptstolocalprocedureswhilecontributingtotheharmonisationoftheapplicationoftheFlexibleUseofAirspaceConceptinEurope[31].

LARA’sflexiblearchitecturesupportsthreemainmodulesasdepictedinFigure3.

Figure6–OverviewofLARAarchitecturemodulesupport[31]

TheAirspacePlanningmoduleinLARAconsistsofavarietyofsub-toolswhichinclude:



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• LARAAirspacePlanningDisplay

• LARAAirspaceReservationEditor

• LARAConflictDetection

Eachoftheabovesub-toolswillbeanalysedinordertodecipheritsapplicabilitytoU-spaceservices.

TheAirspacePlanningDisplayprovidesanuserfriendly interfacetocreateandmanagereservationrequest for theairspace.Sincealldata is sharedon thedisplay,everyuserhasanoverviewof theairspace.Thisallowsuserstoplaninaccordancetothisoverviewwhichmaypreventconflictsatalaterstage.Oncetheuserhasidentifiedthedesiredairspaceandtimeslot,theAirspaceReservationEditorfine-tunestheuser’srequestbyselectingtherequestedlevels,usagetypeandmissiondetails.

Thetoolalsooffersthepossibilitytocombinemultipleadjacentoroverlappingairspacesinordertocreate a single reservation airspace block. This is graphically displayed to the user. LARA displaysbookinginterferences,ifany,withotherairspacesand,ithighlightsanyconflictsbetweentheairspacebookings.

It is importanttomentionthatLARA isorganized intoclusters.EachclustercorrespondstoaLARAsystemdeployedwithinaFunctionalAirspaceBlock(FAB)and,eachoftheseclusterscanbeconnectedtootherclustersthusforminganetworkofclustersfortheseamlessexchangeofdata.Thisallowsuserstorequestairspacebeyondtheirnationalborders.

Inaddition,LARApermits itsusers tocommunicatebetweeneachother inordertoallowforswiftsystem-wide coordination. Users can comment and make remarks on every reservation. Thesecommentsandremarksareusedthroughoutthelifecycleofthereservation.Furthermore,thereexistanonlinecollaborationfacilitywhichallowsuserstocommunicateinstantly.Thisissimilartoinstantchatmessagingservices.Itcreatesbettercommunicationamongstairspaceactors.Onthesametoken,user contact details such as email addresses, phone numbers etc., can be retrieved within theapplication.LARAalsoenablesthecommunicationofNOTAMsfortherespectiveairspaceineffect.Thisletsuserscreatebetterplanforitsintendedairspaceusage.

LARA has been designed to support the airspace management process i.e., the provision anddistribution of the airspace use-plan and its updates [31]. This airspace use-plan is created byemployingallobtainablereservationdatawithinanappropriatetimeperiod.Thisairspaceuse-planiscontrolledbytheairspacemanager.

IntheAirspaceStatusmodule,theairspacesituationdisplay,providesuserswithalltheinformationnecessaryforthecurrentstatusoftheairspace.Thisisdoneviadifferentcolourschemes.Whenanairspacereservationapproachesitsactivation,itsstatusischangedto“pending”andtheairspaceiscolouredinorange.Thisnotifiesotherusersaboutthescheduledactivationoftheairspaceandallowsthemtoprepareaccordingly.Oncethependingstateisreached,theairspacesupervisorisnotifiedfora confirmation request. LARA also has the option of complete automation. Once an airspace isactivated,theairspaceiscolouredcodedinredforusersnottogetinvolvedinitsuseand,greenfortheuserwhorequestedtheairspace.

AllthedatathatismanagedandexchangedwithinLARAisstoredinadatabase.Thisallowsforfurtherprocessingofthedataifnecessary.Inaddition,itsupportsforthestoredinformationtobeanalysedandthepossibilitytotraceallactions.Thedatacanalsobeusedtogeneratestatisticsontheallocationanduseoftheairspaceswhichallowsforperformancestudiesoftheairspacetobeconducted.

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Insummary,LARAguaranteesthecontinuousavailabilityofairspacemanagementdatabyallowingforcollaborativedecisionmakingbetweencivilandmilitaryactorsthus,optimisingtheuseofairspaceacrossEurope.ThiscanalsobedescribedbythenotionofanAdvancedFlexibleUseofAirspaceServicewhichensuresthattheairspaceformilitaryandcivilusearedynamic.

LinktoU-space:

TheservicesdescribedabovecanbeofuseforfutureU-spaceservices.Especially,thefeaturesoftheLARAtool,albeitbeingexclusively formannedaviationuse.Suchtoolsalreadyexist forunmannedaviation,forexampleAirMap,Uniflyetc.However,LARAoffersuserstheoptionofchatserviceswhichcouldincreasesituationalawarenessamongstusers.Therefore,suchservicescanbeincorporatedforfutureU-spaceservices.ThiswillallowU-spacestakeholderstocommunicatemoreeffectively.

U2:Tacticalgeofencing

U3:Dynamicgeofencing,Dynamiccapacitymanagement

U4-U-spacestakeholderchatservices

3.1.2.4.3 Airspacemanagement



B1-3 AccesstoEUROCONTROLmemberstatesonly

SOAP Publish/Subscribe AIXM/NOTAM/XML

Description:

AirspacemanagementemploysFlexibleUseofAirspace(FUA)concepts.TheFUA’saim is tocreateEurope’sairspaceintoonecontinuumwhichisreactiveandflexibletochangesbyairspaceusers.ThemaingoalistooptimizeEurope’snetworkcapacity.ThisissimilartotheserviceaccomplishedbyLARAtool.Intheairspacemanagementservice,policiesaredefinedandestablishedinadditiontoprovidingguidancetoachievetheabove.

TheairspaceismanagedthroughcollaborativemanagementofairspaceconfigurationsandconstantinformationsharingamongstCDMcandidatepartners.

Furthermore,thereexistfivesetofdeliverablesforairspacemanagementservice.

Deliverables:

• FlexibleUseofAirspaceconcept

• FUAconceptenhancement

• DefinitionofAirspaceConfigurationprocessesandprocedures



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• ASMguidancematerials

• ASMrelatedsystemrequirements

ThenotionofFUAisthat:(1)theairspaceisnolongerdesignatedasonlycivilormilitaryairspace,(2)anyneededairspacesegregationistemporaryandbasedonreal-timeusagewithinsettimelimits,(3)continuousairspacevolumesarenotconstrainedbynationalboundaries[32].

The FUAhasbeendesignedusing three interconnected levels of airspacemanagement. The threelevelsinclude:

• Strategiclevel1

• Pre-tacticallevel2

• Tacticallevel3

Level1defines thenationalairspacepolicyandestablishesairspacestructuresonastrategic level.Level2governsday-to-dayassignmentofairspacewithrespecttouserrequirements.Andfinally,level3dealswithreal-timeuseofairspacehenceallowingforsafeairtrafficoperations.

InorderforFUAtobeappliedeffectively,itrequirestheestablishmentofanationalairspacepolicybodyateachoftheECACstates.Thisnationalairspacepolicybodyistaskedwithre-assessmentofthenationalairspace,establishmentofnewflexibleairspacestructuresandtheintroductionofproceduresfortheallocationoftheseairspacestructuresonadailybasis[32].TheapplicationofFUAdependsonthenationalAirspaceManagementCellforthedailyallocationofflexibleairspacestructureswhichisincorporated in the airspaceuse-plan and theupdateduse-plan.And, inorder todisseminate thisinformationtoaircraftoperators,theNOPportalisused.

Since the FUA concept allows formaximum shared-use of the airspace between civil andmilitaryaircraft,coordinationforrequiredseparation iscritical.Theprocess fordoingso isdepictedbytheflowchartdiagraminFigure4.

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Figure7-TemporaryairspacesegregationprocessforFUA[32]

EmployingthenotionofFUAsbringsaboutseveralbenefits.Suchbenefitsinclude:

• Betterflighteconomyduetoreductionindistance,timeandfuelcosts

• Efficientairtrafficseparation

• Improvedreal-timecoordinationbetweencivilandmilitaryactors

• Increasedairspacecapacity

• Reduceddelayspertainingtoairtraffic

• Reductioninairspacesegregationneeds

TheFUAnotionemploysairspacestructuresandproceduresthatareexclusivelymeantfortemporaryallocationandutilisation.SuchairspacestructureandproceduresincludeConditionalRoutes(CDRs),TemporaryReservedAreas (TRAs), TemporarySegregatedareas (TSAs),Cross-BorderAreas (CBAs),ReducedCoordinationAirspace(RCA)andPriorCoordinationAirspace(PCA).

TheConditionalRoute(CDR)isdefinedasanATSrouteoraportionofairspacewhichcanbeplanedorusedundercertainconditions.ItpermitsmoredirectandalternativeroutesbycomplementingandlinkingtotheexistingATSroutenetwork.CDRsaredefinedinlevel1,assignedatlevel2bytheAirspaceManagementCellandutilisedatlevel3byareacontrolcentres.TheseCDRscanbedividedintothreecategories,namely:



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• CDR1–plannableCDR

• CDR2–Non-permanentlyplannableCDR

• CDR3-NotplannableCDR

Figure5explainstheaboveCDRcategoriesinmoredetail.

Figure8-CDRcategorization[32]

TheTemporaryReservedAreas(TRAs),asitsnamestates,reservesairspacetemporarilyandallocatesit for a particular use during a specific timeperiod.During this time interval, other trafficmaybeallowedtotransitunderATCclearance[32].

TemporarySegregatedArea(TSA),ismuchlesssegregatedthanTRAi.e.,aportionoftheairspaceistemporarily segregatedandallocated for aparticular user for a time interval throughwhichothertrafficwillnotbepermittedfortransit[32].

Cross-BorderAreas(CBA)areTRAsorTSAsestablishedoverinternationalairspaceboundaries[32].CBAsareprimarilyestablishedtoallowformilitarytrainingandotheroperationalflightsonbothsidesofaninternationalborder[33].

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ReducedCo-ordinationAirspace (RCA) isaportionof theairspacewithdefineddimensionswhereGeneral Air Traffic (GAT2) are allowed to fly “off-route” without requiring coordination betweencontrollers[33].ThishappenswhenOperationalAirTraffic(OAT3)islow.

APriorCo-ordinationAirspace(PCA), isablockofcontrolledairspacewheremilitaryactivitiescantakeplaceonanad-hocbasis.APCAallows forGAT transitsunder specific rules set ina LetterofAgreements(LoA)betweentheconcernedcivilandmilitaryATSunits.

Figure 6 summarises the above airspace structures and procedures for temporary allocation andutilization.

Figure9-Degreeofairspacesegregationbetweenfullysegregatedandnon-segregated[32]

All theaboveservicesforairspacemanagementareprovidedviatwosetoftoolswhichhavebeenexplainedintheprecedingsections.

Tools:

• CentralAirspaceandCapacityDatabase

• LocalAndsub-RegionalAirspaceManagementSupportSystem

2GATincludesmilitaryflightsforwhichICAOrulesandproceduressatisfyentirelytheiroperationalrequirements[33].

3 OAT includes civil flight suchas test-flights,which require somedeviation from ICAO rules to satisfy theiroperationalrequirements[33].



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LinktoU-space:

Theservicesdescribedabovecanbeusedfordroneflightplanningmanagement.Thetoolsprovidedby the Airspace Management service offers information pertaining to airspace segregation andtemporary no-fly zones. These services are applicable to tactical geofencing, flight planningmanagementanddynamicgeofencing.However,thisexcludestherequirementsofthelaterforVLLurbanoperations.

U2-Tacticalgeofencing,Flightplanningmanagement,ProceduralinterfacewithATC,Strategicde-confliction

U3-Dynamicgeofencing,collaborativeInterfacewithATC,Tacticalde-confliction

3.1.2.5 Flightdataservices

3.1.2.5.1 Receptionanddistributionofreal-timeairport,airtrafficcontrolandsurveillancedata



B4-1 AccesstoEUROCONTROLmemberstatesisprovidedtoorganizationsengagedinATFCMoraircraftoperations.And,accesstonon-membersisprovidedunderanagreement

Subscription AIXM and WebAccess

Description:

4D flight information is fed into theFlightPlanManagementand theAirTrafficFlowandCapacityManagementfunctionsanditalsoservesasanintegralsourceofinformationforANSPs,airportsandairspaceusers.Thisflightdataserviceprovidesanexactreal-timetrafficsituation.Italsogivesstateandintentinformationoftheflights.

Flight data services consist of the reception and distribution of real-time data flows between alloperationalstakeholdersacrossthenetwork.Suchreal-timedataupdatesareextractedfromdifferentsources.Thesesourcesinclude:

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• Correlatedpositionreportsi.e.,surveillancedatacollectedfromtheareacontrolcentres

• Firstsystemactivationi.e.,flightplanactivationmessagessentbytheareacontrolcentres

• Airborneflightplansi.e.,flightplanchangemessagessentbytheareacontrolcentres

• Aircraftoperatorpositionreportsi.e.,messagesprovidedbyparticipatingaircraftoperators

• Departureplanninginformationi.e.,messagesprovidedbyairports

• FAAdepartureinformationi.e.,messagesprovidedbytheFAAforflightoriginatingfromtheUS

Thisservicecomprisesoftwodeliverables.

Deliverables:

• Accurateoverviewofthereal-timetrafficsituation

• SingleflighttrajectorythatcanbesharedbetweenallATMactors

Theservicealsoprovidesatool.

Tool:

• EnhancedTacticalFlowManagementSystem

DetailsofthistoolisprovidedintheFlowandCapacityManagementsection.

LinktoU-space:

TheinformationprovidedviatheEnhancedTacticalFlowManagementSystemsuchasairborneflightplans,positionreports,departureplansetc.,canbeusedbydroneoperatorsfortacticalgeofencing,flightplanningmanagement,trackingandtacticalde-confliction.

U2-Tacticalgeofencing,Flightplanningmanagement,Tracking

U3-Tacticalgeofencing,CollaborativeInterfacewithAT,Tacticalde-confliction

3.1.2.6 Flightplanning

3.1.2.6.1 Repetitiveflightplanprocessing



B2-1 Access toorganizationsactive inATMoperations orin aircraftoperations or

Subscription FIXM



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relatedservices

Description:

TheRepetitiveFlightPlan (RPL)processing facilitates flightplanningoperationswithin thenetworkmanagerdistributionareaforaircraftoperatorsviaacentralizedrepetitiveflightplansystem[19].

ARPLsubmissionisanelectronicfileandexistsintwoversionsi.e.,anewlistandarevisedlistofflightplans.Flightplansfromaircraftoperatorsaresubmittedtothenetworkmanageroperationscentre’sRPLteamforsummerandwinterseasons.Thismeansthataircraftoperatorsdonotneedtosubmitindividualflightplanswithinnetworkmanager’sdistributionarea.FlightplansaresentviaemailtotheRPLteambytheaircraftoperator.

Repetitive flight plans are (re)-processed for every new Aeronautical Information Regulation andControl4 (AIRAC) cycle (28 day period). Invalid RPLs are corrected by the aircraft operator’s RPLrepresentative.

Thisserviceisprovidedviatwodeliverables.

Deliverables:

• Automated generation 20 hours before the estimated off-block time and distribution ofvalidatedindividualflightplanstotheIntegratedInitialFlightPlanProcessSystem

• OperationalReplyMessages

LinktoU-space:

TheRepetitiveFlightPlanprocessingservicewillbeuseful fordroneoperatorsthathaverepetitivedroneflights.However,thisservicewillneedtobeamendedforVLLoperationssincedroneflightswillpredominantlyoccuratthisaltitudeinurbanenvironments.ThenotionofRepetitiveFlightPlanservicecanbeusedfordroneflightsasapotentialU-spaceservice.NeverthelesstheinformationcontainedinAIRACcycledoesnotcovereventswhichareofinterestfordroneoperations(unexpectedgatheringofpeople,concerts,sporteventsecc.)


3.1.2.6.2 Flightplanfilingandmanagement

4AnAIRACisaregulatedsystemwhichisusedfordisseminatinginformationthatconcernssignificantchangestospecifieddata itemsrelatedtoairspaceboundaries,ATSroutesandprocedures, radionavigationaidsandcommunicationfacilities,meteorologicalfacilities,runwaysandstop-ways[18].

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B2-2 Access toorganizationsactive inATMoperations orin aircraftoperations orrelatedservices

Subscription FIXM

Description:

EUROCONTROLinstigatesapilottosubmitaflightplantotheNetworkManagerOperationsCentre(NMOC)beforeutilizinganareaunderthepurviewofEUROCONTROL[20].Theflightplanneedstocontaintheintentionoftheflightwithcompletedetails.NMOCthenvalidatestheflightplan,makesnecessary corrections, anddistributes them toANSPand concernedoperational partners. Inmoredetail,thefollowingactionsareperformedwithflightplans:

• Checks–detailedflightintentionsareassessedagainsttheairspacestructurewiththehelpoftheintegratedinitialflightplanprocessingsystem

• Analyses – the compatibility of the request are analysed before it is accepted. Roughly 2percentofthetimeinconsistenciesoccurwhichthenneedtoberesolvedmanually

• Recommends–alternativeroutesaresuggestedtotheaircraftoperator

• Sends–acopyofeveryacceptedflightplanissenttoeverylocalATCcentreinEuropethattheparticularflightfliesover

A centralized flight plan processing and distribution function is operated by NMOC in order toguaranteeefficientflightplanmanagement.ThisserviceisperformedbytheIntegratedInitialFlightPlan Processing System (IFPS) which collects initial flight plans, processes related messages anddisseminatestoANSPs.Inaddition,thisservicealsopre-validatestheflightplanthatisprovidedbytheIFPSvalidationsystem.

Regional centralized flight plan management improves the consistency and predictability of flightdemand information. This simplifies operations, improves the flight efficiency and decreases theoveralltransactionalcostsforbothANSPsandairspaceusers[20].

Thedeliverablesandtoolsprovidedbythisserviceareshownbelow.

Deliverables:

• Operationalreplymessages

• ProcessedflightplansdistributedtoANSPs

Tools:



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• NetworkManagerBusiness-to-businessWebServices

• NetworkOperationsPortal

LinktoU-space:

Theservicepresentedabovecannotbedirectlyused fordronewithout theneed formodificationshowever,itsconceptscanbeemployedfordroneoperations.Thenotionofacentralizedflightplanmanagementsystemwillensureconsistencyandpredictabilityofdroneflightinformation.Theservicecanwillhelpwithdroneflightplanningmanagement.


3.1.2.7 Performance-BasedNavigationimplementationsupport



C6-1 Partiallypublic

- Subscription AIXM,XML

Description:

ThePerformanceBasedNavigation(PBN)conceptwasinitiatedin2008byICAOanditbuildsupontheArea Navigation Performance concept (RNAV) which in essence, contributes towards airspaceoptimization. The concept of PBN allows for better enhancement of airspace requirements thatinclude:

• Improvedflightefficiencyi.e.,optimalplacementoftrafficflowswhichallowforstrategicde-conflictionofATSroutes,includingSIDs5/STARsinbothverticalandhorizontalplanes

• Capacity enhancement i.e., better spacing of routes and improved predictability whichincreasessafetyespecially,duringtheapproachphasebyemployingtheuseofGNSS-basedRNPApproachonrunwayswhicharenotequippedwithprecisionapproachsystems

• Bettercostsreductioni.e.,duetotheutilizationofnavigationinfrastructureofNAVAIDswhichconsistofbothspace-based(GNSS)andground-based(NDB,VOR,DME,ILS,MLS)instruments

• Reducedenvironmentalimpacti.e.,decreasedemissionsduetolowerfuelburn

5AStandardInstrumentDepartureRoute(SID)isastandardATSrouteinaninstrumentdepartureprocedureinwhichtheaircraftshouldfollowfromitstake-offphasetoen-routephase.Similarly,aStandardArrivalRoute(STAR)isastandardATSrouteemployedbyaircrafttoproceedfromanen-routephasetoaninitialapproachphase.

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ThePBNimplementationsupportserviceisprovidedthroughacomprehensivesetofdeliverables.

Deliverables:

• PBNawarenessandtraining

• MonitoringofPBNroutes/proceduresdeploymentandPBNaircraftequipage

• PBNsupportinallflightphases

• NavigationsteeringgroupandRNAVapproachimplementationsupportgroup

• PBNstandardizationsupport

Thesedeliverablesaremaintainedbyvariousnavigationbasedtools.

Tools:

• EnhancedRNAVvalidationtool

• Turncalculator

ThePerformanceBasedNavigation(PBN)ApproachmaptoolillustratesthedeploymentofthePBNinstrumentapproachprocedureswithrespecttoobjectivesdefinedintheICAOAssemblyResolution37-116andalsotheEuropeanRegulationonPBN[53].Thetoolprovidesawealthofinformationwithregardto:

• PBNdevelopmentprogresssince2012

• FuturePBNdeploymentplans

• TheavailabilityofPBNapproacheswithverticalguidanceonrunways

• PBNdeploymentstatusforECACstatesandotherpilotairports

AccesstothePBNmaptoolisprovidedonafreemiumbasistoallinterestedusers.

The CNS dashboard tool generates reports and statistics on flights and aircraft with particularcapabilities that is required for PBN [54]. This information generation is performed by analysingCNS/PBN information encased in the ICAO flight plans which are made available to the networkmanagerand,bycorrelatingthisdatawithEUROCONTROL’sglobal fleetaircraftdatabase[54].TheinformationprovidedbytheCNSdashboardprovidessupportsthedeploymentandapplicationofPBNandthusitscriticaltotheoverallsafetyenhancementandairspacecapacityimprovementforEurope.

ThePre-FlightPlanningforGNSSOperationstoolorbetterknownasAUGUR,notifiesaircraftpilotsontheavailabilityofnavigationaidsonrespectiveroutesanddestinationairports.AUGURtakesinto

6ICAO’sA37-11documentspecifiesthePBNglobalgoals[52]



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account scheduled maintenance actions on satellites and informs operators on any disruptions.AUGUR is a part of a NOTAM system for GNSS-based operations that is provided by a 3rd partycompany, NAVBLUE. This GNSS monitoring system provides recording and analysis of GNSSperformanceinadditiontonearreal-timemonitoring,alerting,andperformance/integrityprediction[55].Thetool’sprimaryfunctionsinclude:

• Monitoring and recording GNSS signal availability i.e., recording signal data for GNSSconstellations(aconstellationofsatellitesincludingGPS,Galileo,GLONASSandSBASEGNOS)

• Detectionofunexpectedsystemoutagesandalerting

• Enablingairports todetect interference i.e., theoccurrenceof jammingor spoofingdue todegradationofGNSS signal quality causedbynatural events e.g., solar/spaceweather andionosphericinterferenceandalsolocalsignalinterferences

The Conventional Infrastructure Assessment and Optimisation tool or Distance MeasuringEquipmentTracer(DEMETER),isasoftwaretoolwhichsupportstheimplementationofPBNandtheoptimisationand rationalisationofnavigation infrastructure [56]. This tool allows for collaborationbetween airspace planners, procedure designers, Navaids engineers and flight inspectors forestablishingDMEpositioningasacontinuousmethodofground-basedalternativetotheGNSS.Thetoolencompassesamyriadoffeatureswhichinclude[56]:

• AnintegratedNavaidsdatabasesupportedbyEUROCONTROLandANSPsforECACstates

• ImportofNavaidsdatafromAIXM4.5and5.1formats,ARINC424datafiles(XMLformat)orfromCSVformat

• Importofairspaceelements(e.g.coordinatepoints,routesegments,SID/STARprocedures)fromEADsnapshotreports

• Integrated terrain database with formats: DTED (level 1 and 2), SRTM, GeoTiff, ASTER,ARCINFOGRIDs,ASCIIDEM

• Coveragecalculationsbasedonfreespacepathlossordiffractionpropagationmodels

• DME-DME coverage and performance assessment and also VOR-DME coverage andredundancyassessment

• EstimationofoptimalDMElocationsite

• SID/STARproceduredefinition,DME/DMEperformancecalculation,andDMEverticalprofilecoverageprediction

• Exportof2DmaplayersinshapefileandKMLformats

• Exportof2Dmapandsimulationresultstonormalimageformats

• Importofuserlayersinshapefileandtiffformats

• 3DterrainandsimulationresultsvisualisationusingNASAWorldWind(afreeopen-sourceAPIforvisualisingandhostinggeospatialsolution)

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AccesstothecontentsoftheDEMETERtoolisprovidedfreeofchargeviaAIXM5.1format.

Thenexttool,theFinalApproachSegmentDataBlock(FASDB),isanonlinetoolprimarilydevelopedforsatellite-basedaugmentationsystems(SBAS)finalapproachsegmentdatablockcalculations[57].Thetool isespeciallyemployedforgeneratingacyclicredundancycheck(CRC)valuei.e.,amethodusedtoauthenticateandvalidateforFASDBuserdata.

TheMinimaEstimationToolisasoftwarethatprovidesanestimateoftheoperationalminimathatcouldbeachievedviaILSapproachesorRNPAPCHapproaches[58].Thetool’smainobjectiveistosupportcostbenefitanalysis.

ThePEGASUStoolallowsanalysisofaggregatedGNSSdatafromdifferentSBASandGBASsystemsand,itimplementsthealgorithmsspecifiedintheMinimumOperationalStandard(MOPS)documents[59].PEGASUSisgearedtowardsassistingANSPsanditsrespectiveuserinevaluatingtheperformancesofsatellitenavigationsignals.ThePEGASUStoolprovidesmanyusefulfunctionalitiessuchasdeterminingMOPS compliant receivers and determination of GNSS augmentation attributes which includeaccuracy, integrity, computation of trajectory errors, prediction of continuity and availability andsimulationofGBASgroundstationsprocessingalgorithms.

TheEnhancedRNAVvalidationtoolisbasicallyadesktopapplicationtohelpproceduredesignersinthegroundvalidationofnewormodifiedSIDsandSTARsandRNPapproaches[60].Thisvalidationtoolreduces the probability of errors and it also reduces the costs of the validation process by notemploying expensive simulators. In addition, the tool provides 3D visualisation and trajectorysimulation of the expected distribution of tracks with respect to aircraft type, weight andmeteorologicalconditions.

The final tool is the Turn Calculator which has been developed by EUROCONTROL to allow ATMspecialistandairspaceplanners theability tovisualiseandcomprehendthe impactofaircraft turnperformanceespecially for en-route flights [61]. This tool allowsusers to input respective aircraft,routeandmeteorologicaldata inorder topredict the turnperformance. Theaircraftperformanceinformationprovidedviathetoolincludes:theevolutionofthebankangle,calculatedgroundspeedandloadfactor.

LinktoU-space:

Theabovetool,AUGUR,informsairspaceusersonthenumberofoperationalsatellitesandprovidesamethodtoconfirmGPSpositioningavailabilityandintegrityforanintendedflight.Therefore,thistoolisalsohighlyrelevantforfutureU-spaceservices.Thisisbecausedronesdependontheavailabilityof GNSS for navigation i.e., the ability to compute its relative position in real-time. The loss orinterferencetoGNSSavailabilitycompromisesthedrone’smissionandcouldevenconstitutetothelossofthedrone.Therefore,providingdroneoperators/userswithaccesstoAUGURwillallowforsaferdroneoperations.AGNSSassessmenttoolshouldbeprovidedinU2.

U2-GNSSavailabilitytool

3.1.2.8 Communication

3.1.2.8.1 Radiofrequencymanagement



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C2-1 Private - Subscription -

Description:

RadiofrequenciesareascarceresourceinEurope.Itisbecomingincreasinglychallengingtofindanewaeronautical voice frequency in central Europe [34]. There are numerous aviation users thataccommodate the radio frequency bandhence, requesting a new frequency can takemonths andsometimesevenyears.Thismeansgeneratingnewfrequenciesforvoicecommunicationfornewuserssuchasdroneoperatorswouldnotbesustainable.

Figure 7 depicts the availability of voice frequencies for an average area control centre in eachEuropean geographical location. The black area in the centre of the map indicates the lack offrequenciesbandfortherespectiveareacontrolcentres.

Figure10-VoicefrequenciesavailabilityperareacontrolcentresectormapforEurope

When an user request for a frequency and if it is unavailable, directly, a process known as BlockPlanning is launched[34].Thisprocesschanges the frequencies inadjacentsectorsandservices tomakenewfrequenciesavailable.And,usuallysixfrequencyshiftsarerequiredtosatisfyanewone.Thisprocessiscomplex,timeconsumingandexpensiveand,ithasthepotentialtoimpactanetwork.

Forthisreason,radiofrequencymanagementisemployed.Itmitigatesthenetworkimpactoflimitedaeronautical radio spectrum. This is primarily conductedby theRadio Frequency Function (RFF) inaccordancewiththeICAOEURregionaloffice.

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Theradiofrequencymanagementservicecontainsthreedeliverablesandtwosetoftools[35].

Deliverables:

• Central registerofEuropean radio frequencyassignmentsvia theSpectrumandFrequencyInformationResource(SAFIRE)

• Frequencymanagementplans,requirementsandbestpracticesdocuments

• Interferencereports,analysisandmitigationrepository

Tools:

• SpectrumAndFrequencyInformationResource(SAFIRE)

• AdvancedFrequencyManager(MANIF)

TheSAFIREtoolisaweb-basedsystemwhichisoperatedbynationalfrequencymanagerstoconductinternational coordination and registration of frequency assignments within the European region.Similarly, the aeronautical frequency analysis tool, MANIF, imports SAFIRE data and analyses thefrequency assignments. This is done in order to determine if the latter adheres to applicablerequirementsandbestpractices.Inaddition,MANIFsupportsthesearchforsuitablefrequenciesinordertosatisfyarequest.

LinktoU-space:

Conventional air traffic management cannot be applied to unmanned aircraft It relies on voicecommunication air traffic controllers and pilots. A radio frequency management service can bepotentially an additional U-Space service for candidate U-space communication and surveillanceinfrastructures(e.g.cellularnetwork),butnotforvoicecommunication.

3.1.2.8.2 8.33kHzcoordination




Description:

ThisserviceensuresthatadequatecommunicationchannelsaremadeavailabletomeetthegrowingdemandsofEuropeanairtraffic.Tomeetthisgrowingdemands, ithasbeendecidedtoextendthe8.33kHzcommunicationbandwidthbelowFL195untilgroundlevel.The8.33kHzcoordinationeffortsensures the proper deployment across the European airspace. This service supports the radiofrequencymanagementservicedescribedintheprevioussection.

The8.33kHzcoordinationserviceprovidesasetofdeliverablesandtools.



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Deliverables:

• 8.33coordinateddeploymentplans

• Riskanalysisandmitigationreports

• 8.33kHzdeploymentguidancedocumentation

• Networkimpactassessment

Tools:

• SAFIRE

• 8.33implementationsupportgroup

LinktoU-space:

NotdirectlyapplicableinU-Spacecontext.

3.1.2.8.3 SupporttoDatalinkoperations




Description:

Voice radio using either VHF bands for line-of-sight communication or HF bands for long rangecommunication is thestandardvoicecommunicationbetweenATCandthepilot [37].Thenetworkmanager therefore offers data link performancemonitoring at an European level. This is done byconductingregularandad-hocperformancereportsonrequest.Inaddition,thenetworkmanageralsohas the ability to forecast the future load of data link required.Moreover, the networkmanagermaintainsacomprehensivedatabaseofalldatalinkrelatedavionicsinstalledonaircraftoperatinginEurope.

Thesupporttodatalinkoperationsserviceprovidesseveraldeliverablesandtools.

Deliverables:

• Monthlyperformancereports

• Networkmanagerdatalinkmonitoringflightreports

• Ad-hocperformancereportsforspecificstakeholders

• Forecastsofdatalinkload

• DatabaseofdatalinkavionicsinstalledonEuropeanaircraft

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Tools:

• MOON(https://ext.eurocontrol.int/WikiLink/index.php/MOON)

• LINK2000+ statistics reporting and analysis tool (http://www.eurocontrol.int/services/link-2000-programme)

• Route-Mon(https://ext.eurocontrol.int/WikiLink/index.php/ROUTE-MON)

• DLS CRO issue management tool (http://www.eurocontrol.int/articles/datalink-services-central-reporting-office-dls-cro)

LinktoU-space:

Conventional air traffic management cannot be applied to unmanned aircraft It relies on voicecommunicationair trafficcontrollersandpilots.Adata linkperformancemonitoringservicecanbepotentially an additional U-Space service for candidate U-space communication and surveillanceinfrastructures (e.g. cellular network), but not for voice communication. Indeed, Digitalapplications/automaticprocessescouldreplacetraditionalradiovoicecommunications.Thisiswhatisenvisaged for procedural interface with ATC where in principle there is no need for directcommunicationwithcontrollers

3.1.2.8.4 ATSgroundvoicenetworkcoordination




Description:

AnonlineATSgroundvoicenetwork(AGVN)databaseisusedinordertocoordinateAGVNaddressingandnumberingplanranges[38].TheAGVNdatabaseisanetworkmanagementtooltoadministratecurrentnumberingrangesinsupportofacontrolledmigrationtowardsVoiceoverIP(VoIP)addressing.This AGVN database is a critical component in the evolution to an European-wide networkenvironment. EUROCONTROL coordinates common network resources and legacy voice systemnumberingrangesfortheEuropeanAGVN.

Theserviceconsistofthreedeliverablesandsingletool.

Deliverables:

• AGVNannualreporttoICAOEUR/NATregionaloffice

• FAB/StateAGVNreportsondemand



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• AGVBdatabaseregularupdates

Tool:

• AirtrafficServicesGroundVoiceNetworkdatabaseversion3.0

TheabovetoolisanaccuratedatabasefortelephonenumberingrangeswhichiscategorizedbyECACmembers.ItisorganizedbyATMunitandterminalnumbers.Inaddition,thedatabasetoolincludesappropriate VoIP addresses which support the smooth transition towards these newer voicecommunicationtechnologies.Lastbutnotleast,thetoolgivesanoverviewofthecurrentATMvoicesituationinEuropetoICAOEURstatesandtotheICAOEuropeanAirNavigationPlanningGroup.

LinktoU-space:


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3.1.2.8.5 Airtrafficservicesmessagingmanagement




Description:

ATS messaging service is an integrated data messaging environment between Aeronautical FixedTelecommunication Network, Common ICAO Data Interchange Network and the ATS MessageHandlingSystem.

TheATSMessagingManagementCentre(AMC)providescentralizedoff-linemanagementservicestosupportgroundATSmessagingnetworkofANSPsinEurope.ThekeyfunctionoftheAMCisaddressmanagementandroutingmanagement.

ThedeliverablesintheservicearethesameasthedeliverablesmentionedintheATSgroundvoicenetworkcoordinationservice.

Tool:

• AirTrafficServicesMessagingManagementCentre

LinktoU-space:


3.1.2.8.6 Flightmessagetransferprotocolcoordination



C5-5 Private Subscription

Description:

The Flight Message Transfer Protocol (FMTP) coordination service is used for the exchange ofinformationbetweenflightdataprocessingsystems[40].Itsobjectiveistoprovide:(1)notification,(2)coordinationandtransferofflightsbetweenATCunitsand,(3)civil-militarycoordination.TheFMTPisbasedonindustry-standardTransmissionControlProtocolandInternetProtocolprovisions.

Thisservicecomprisesofthreedeliverablesandasingletool.



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Deliverables:

• AnnualreportstoICAOEUR/NATregionaloffice

• ReportstoPanEuropeanNetworkServices(PENS)andthePENSSteeringGroup

• FMTPdatabaseregularupdates

Tool:

• FlightMessageTransferProtocolDatabaseversion2.0

The above tool allows ANSPs to locate and share all the FMTP ground-ground communicationsresourcestoestablishtheOn-LineDataInterchange(OLDI)communicationswithadjacentpartners.

LinktoU-space:


3.1.2.8.7 IPv6addressmanagement



C5-6 Private Subscription

Description:

TheATMnetworkinfrastructureinEuropereliesonthegovernanceactivitiesofglobalandregionalInternet Protocol. Moreover, it supports the migration of existing ATM network communicationservices such as FMTP, VoIP and ATS messaging to Internet Protocol. In order to achieve this, acoordinatedallocationof InternetProtocolversion6(IPv6)addressspaceandAutonomousSystem(AS)numbers[41]isemployed.

Everysingledeviceconnectedto the internet isassignedaunique IPaddress inorder todefine itsidentification and location. With the exponential growth of devices connected to the internet,culminatedinascarcityinIPaddresses.Asaresult,theIPv6wascreatedanditreplacedtheIPv4.TheIPv6usesa128-bitaddresswhichtheoreticallyallowsfor3.4×1038addressescomparedto,IPv4,a32-bitaddressallowingonly4.3billionaddressesi.e.4.3billiondevices.Therefore,IPv6isthemostrecentversionofthe InternetProtocolwhichenables identificationand locationsystemforcomputersonnetworksandroutestrafficacrosstheinternet.

TheAutonomousSystemorASisagroupofIPnetworkswhichisoperatedbyoneormorenetworkoperatorsthathasasingleexternalroutingpolicy.ThisAShasauniquenumberwhichisknownastheAS number. The AS number is used for the exchange of routing information between adjacentAutonomousSystemsanditisusedalsoasanidentifieroftheASitself[42].

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ThenetworkmanagerprovidesANSPswithIPv6assignmentsforIPv6addressspaceandASnumbers.Inaddition,thenetworkmanagercoordinateswiththeEuropeanRegionalInternetRegistryinorderto maintain the IP allocation database. Similarly, the respective ANSPs, manage the nationalassignmentofIPv6addressspaceandASnumbers.

ThecoordinationofIPv6addressspacesandASnumbersarerequiredforshiftingfromtheexistingATMnetworkcommunicationservicesovertoIP.

Theaboveserviceincludesasingledeliverabletogetherwithatool.ThetoolprovidesANSPs,FABs,communicationserviceproviderswithinECACacentralrepositoryfortheassignmentandcoordinationofIPv6resources[41].

Deliverable:

• AssignmentofofficialIPv6addresses

Tool:

• IPv6resourcessharepoint

LinktoU-space:


3.1.2.8.8 Surveillancetools



C7-4 RestrictedaccesstoEUROCONOTROLmember stateorganization

- Subscription Position, speedand mode offlight

Description:

ATMrequiresaconsistentstreamofreliableandaccuratesurveillancedata[10].LossofsurveillancedatainoneportionoftheairspacecanseverelyreduceATCcapacityandthuscripplethenetwork[10].

Three primary components of the surveillance data processing chain were developed byEUROCONTROL. These components have been deployed and are used to process all kinds ofsurveillance sensor data such as radar, ADS-B and multi-lateration. These three components areimportantenablersfortechnicalharmonization.

Thereexistthreesetoftoolsinordertodelivertheaboveservice.



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Tools:

• SurveillanceDataDistributionSystems(SDDS)

• AirTrafficManagementsurveillanceTrackerAndServer(ARTAS)

• SurveillanceAnalysisSupportSystemforATCCentres(SASS-C).

TheSDDSformsthecommunicationnodeofanetworkfordistributionofsurveillancedata[9].TheSDDSoptimizestheuseandsharingofavailablesurveillanceinformationbetweenallusers.Thislocalsurveillance data is obtained from sensors or surveillance data processing systems. The SDDS alsoallowsfordifferentprotocoltypestobeconnected.

The second tool, ARTAS, is a multi-sensor tracker which creates a seamless picture of aircraftsurveillance. The surveillance data are derived frommultiple sources which includes primary andsecondaryradars(classicalradar,Mode-S,WAMandADS)inordertoprovidethebestestimateofthecurrent air traffic situation. The ARTAS then distributes the relevant surveillance information to acommunityofusersystems.TheARTASistheconceptbehindaEurope-widedistributedSurveillanceDataProcessingSystem(SDPS).TheARTAStrackscloseto90percentofEuropeandailyflightsat43ATCcentresthusitishighlyimportantforATM.ThewayinwhichARTASdiffersfromothertrackingsystems lies in its distributivenetwork system that consist of an assemblyof identical unitswhichcoordinatetogetherandactsinunisoninaregion-wideintegratedsurveillancesystem[10].

ThevariousARTASsurveillancesensorsare integratedtoa“regionalsurveillance”WAN(wideareanetwork).EachARTASunitprocessessurveillancedatareceivedonthenetworkanditactsasaservertotheSDDS.Therefore,itprovidescontinuousaircraftradardatatotheATCunitsandothersystemssuchasterminalareas,military,flowmanagementunitsetc.[10].ThisseamlessintegrationofARTASunits enables for the separationminima of 5NM to be applied throughout its coverage. This alsoincludescommunicationtransitionpointse.g.transferoftrafficfromoneATCtoanother.

The type of data provided by ARTAS includes: the standard Track-State-vector elements (position,speed,mode-of-flight).Thisinformationismaintainedbythetracker.Theservertrackscompriseofotherdatae.g.datarelatedtoflightplanswhichareprovidedbyflightdataprocessingsystems(usersofARTAS).

Lastbutnotleast,theSASS-Ctool,developedbyEUROCONTROL,providesverificationandpredicationfunctionalitytomilitaryandcivilANSPs,R&DorganizationsandATMcommunity.

SASS-C verification function authenticates the compliance of surveillance infrastructure withEUROCONTROL’scurrentsurveillancestandardsandspecifications[11].Thetoolsupportsairincidentinvestigationwithrespecttosurveillance.And,italsosupportsthedevelopmentandimplementationofnewATMsurveillancesystems.

The prediction function allows for the theoretical calculation of surveillance infrastructureperformance, probability of receipt of message, calculating interference from environment andaccuracyofpositionmeasurementsusingdigitalterrainelevationdata[11].

Figure3showsanillustrationofaflowchartthatdescribestheabovementionedsurveillancetools.Thediagramclearlyoutlines the input,output,and the feedback loopwhich forms theverificationstep.

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Figure11-Surveillancetoolframework[9]

LinktoU-space:

Theservicesprovidedbytheabovesetoftoolsmaybeofusetodroneoperators/users.Theabilitytotrackmannedaircraft in real-time is aU-space requirement. This requirementprovides situationalawarenesstotheU-spacestakeholders.Similarly,mannedaircraftrequirereal-timepositionupdatesofdronesinthevicinityoftheirrespectiveflightpath.Thisreal-timesurveillancetrackingofdronescanbeprovidedviaGPSandGSMcellularreception.Moreover,thenotionofincidentinvestigationsupportedbytheSASS-CtoolcanbeemployedforafutureU-spaceservice.Thiscouldbeconduciveinprovidinginsightstodronerelatedincidentssuchas,drone-dronecollisions.

U1:E-identification

U2-Tracking,Monitoring

U4-Dronesurveillanceincidentsupport

U2-Dronetrafficmanagementservices:Trackingandmonitoring.However,newtechnologieswillberequiredatVLLwheretraditionalSURsystemsdonotprovidesufficientcoverage.TobeinteroperablebetweenmannedandunmannedaviationatVLL;theseservicesshouldbebasedonthetechnologiescurrentlybeendevelopedbyEurocaeWG105.

The U-space sibling project, CLASS (https://www.sesarju.eu/projects/class ), deals with Trackingservice’sbyemployingradartechnologyfordronedetectionandidentification.

3.1.2.9 Disruptionandcrisismanagement



B5-1 AccessisprovidedtoEUROCONTROLmemberstates

- Subscription NOTAM



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undertermsandconditionsofthestandardagreementEUROCONTROLandtheconcernedANSP.And,non-membersaregivenaccessunderanagreement

Description:

Network disruptions caused by uncontrollable events, such as bad weather, volcanic eruptions,inadequate staff, strikes, closure of runways, threat to security etc. Such events could potentialhampertheentireATMnetwork.Ifanuncontrollableeventoccurs,thenetworkmanagerisalerted,andthenetworkmanagerworkstowardsminimizingnetworkdisruptionsthatmayarisefromsuchanevent.ThenetworkmanagercooperateswiththeEuropeanAviationCrisisCoordinationCelltoapplycontingencymeasures.

Thisservicehastwodeliverablesandatoolwhichshowsreal-timeinformationofdisruptionswithinEurope[16].

Deliverables:

• Monitoringofimpactsfromdisruptiveeventsonaviationandapplyingcontingencymeasures

• Disseminationofinformationandcoordinationbetweenrelevantstakeholders

Tool:

• Networkoperationsportal

Userscangainaccesstotheabovetoolvia[17].

LinktoU-space:

Informationsuchas certaindisruptiveevents,badweather,and threat to securityare relevant fordroneoperatorsaswell.Therefore,thisservicecanbeleveragedfordroneoperators,specificallyforU-spaceservice,emergencymanagement(U2).

U2-Emergencymanagement

3.1.2.10 ConclusionsThe above information services are primarily provided by governing aviation bodies such asEUROCONTROL.Ouranalysis indicatedthatmostoftheservicesrequiredasubscriptioninordertoacquire the information. Furthermore, it was also highlighted that several key services could

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potentially be leveraged for U-Space. Notably, a few services showed that additional services orprotocols such as geovectoring could potentially aid in high-density drone traffic capacitymanagement.Moreover,itwasalsoshownthatfeaturesemployedintheLARAtoolcouldbeusefulfordroneoperatorsaswell.Theseadditionalservicesandrecommendationswerediscussedattheendofeachdescribedservice.

ThenextsectionwillinvestigateafewkeyopensourceservicesthatmaybeofusetoU-Space.



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3.1.3 OpenSourceServices

3.1.3.1 SurveillanceType:ADS-B,MLATandRadardata

Provider:Flightradar24

Access:Publicwebaccess

Source:http://www.flightradar24.com

Description:

Flightradar24isaglobalflighttrackingservicethatprovidesreal-timeaircraftpositioninginformationviawebaccess,iOSorviaanAndroidapplication.ThisserviceisprovidedusingacombinationofdatasourcessuchasADS-B,MLAT,andradardata[43].Thesedatasourcesareaggregatedalongwithairlineschedulesandaircraftstatusupdatesbyaircraftoperatorsaswellasairportsinordertoprovideitsuserscomprehensivepositionalupdates.

ADS-BistheprimaryinformationsourceusedbyFlightradar24[43].Sincethistechnologyisrelativelynewmeans that it is not completely adopted by ATC. It is estimated that only 70 percent of allpassengeraircraftareequippedwithADS-Btransponders[43].ForgeneralaviationtheportionofADS-Badoptionisonlyat20percent.However,by2020,havingADS-Btransponderson-boardaircraftwillbemademandatoryhence,itwillbecometheprimarysourceofsurveillanceforaircraftandATC.SinceFlightradar24 relies on the number of ADS-B receiversmeans that there can be some disparity insurveillancecoverage,especiallyatloweraltitudesandoveroceanswherethereisanabsence/lackofADS-Breceivers.

To compensate for the lack of ADS-B transponders/receivers and lack of surveillance coverage,Flightradar24employsthemethodofMultilateration(MLAT).ThisisdonebycalculatingthetimeittakestoreceiveasignalfromanaircraftequippedwithaMode-Stransponderinordertoestimateitsrespectivepositionwithinanaltitudebetween3,000to10,000ft.

Furthermore,Flightradar24alsoreceives liveradardataforflights inNorthAmericawhich includesmostscheduledandcommercialairtrafficintheUSandCanadianairspace.

Datasuchasposition,flighttrack,trueairspeed,altitude,flightstatus,andaircrafttype/registrationare all provided by Flightradar24 on a freemiumbasis. However, there are various useful servicesavailableonyearlysubscriptions.Suchpremiumservicesinclude:

• Aeronauticalchartsi.e.,abilitytoobtaininformationwithregardtoNavaidsatlowandhighaltitudes

• Weatherlayersi.e.,currentweather,precipitation(with30minutesupdateintervals),windspeed/direction from1,000 ft above (updated 12 times per day),windpatterns and cloudcoverdisplay

• Unlimitedenhanced3Di.e.,a3Dmodeloverhighresolutionsatelliteandterraindata

• ATC boundaries i.e., information pertaining to ATC flight responsibility with FIR and UIRboundariesoverlays

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• Lightninglayersi.e.,recordedlightningstrikeswith15minuteupdates

• AIRMETS/SIGMETs layers i.e., informationpertaining to significantweatherevents thatarehazardoustoflights

• Airportviewi.e.,aviewofcommercialairportsdisplayingarrivalsanddepartures

TheaboveadditionalpremiumservicescouldbeofpotentialuseforfutureU-spaceservices.However,theoriginationofaboveinformationservicesneedstobeverifiedbeforeemployingthemforU-space.

Othersurveillancedataprovider:FAA

• Datatype:

- FIXM+FAAextension

- Flightplan

- Flightpositionreport

• TechnologyJMS

• Access:onlyANSPs/Airports/Airlines

• Radar:

- Datatype:Asterixcat.062ver.021(multiradartracker)

- TechnologyUDPmessagesdecoder

- Access:privatenetwork

LinktoU-space:

U2services:Monitoring,TrackingandTrafficinformation.

The servicesprovidedby Flightradar24enableusers toobtain real-timepositioning informationofmannedaircraft.However,thereisnoguaranteethatreal-timepositioninginformationisavailableatVLLaltitudesi.e.,altitudebetween0-400ftAGL.Thisdisparityintheinformationcouldposearisktodroneoperators/users. Therefore, surveillance informationatVLL formannedair traffic shouldbefurther developed by investing in higher number of ADS-B receivers and mandating all aircraft(commercialandgeneralaviation)toemployADS-Btransponders.Moreover,sincetheaboveserviceisopensourceandlacksagoverningbodyitneedstobeidentifiedbyEUROCAEWG-105inorderforittobeusedbydroneoperators/users.

3.1.3.2 Terrainandobstacledata

3.1.3.2.1 CesiumDataType:KML,GeoJSON,TopoJSON,CZML

Provider:Cesiumjs.org



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Access:Publicwebserver

Source:https://github.com/geo-data/cesium-terrain-server

Description:

CesiumJSisanopensourceJavaScriptlibrarythatencompassesterrain,highresolutionstreetmapsand3Dglobes[44].Inessence,itisageospatial3Dmappingplatformforcreatingvirtualglobes.Thisisdonebyprovidingatroveofopensourcedatawhichincludes:

• 3Dtiles:3Dtilesprovidesheterogeneous3Dgeospatialdatasetstousershenceenablinganenvironment to appear more realistic. Such 3D geospatial datasets are obtained viaheterogeneous sources e.g., photogrammetry and LIDAR. These datasets are continuouslyservedviaagrowingcommunityofdataprovidersthatinclude,acommunityofdroneusersand experimental autonomous cars. Figure 10 portrays a set of 3D tiles containing highresolutionterrainandobstacleinformationofatypicalurbanenvironment.

Figure12-3Dtilevisualization[44]

• Terrainandimagerylayers:Thisfeatureallowstostreamimageryandhigh-resolutionglobalterrainusingopenstandardssuchasCesiumion,BingMaps,Mapbox,GEE,OpenStreetMap,ArcGISMapServer, and custom tiling schemes. Figure 11 shows a screenshot of Cesium’sterrainandimagerylayerstool[45].ThisfigureillustratesanaerialmapfortheUSlayeredwithweather information. Furthermore, the dropdown box on the figure displays the variousstandardsinwhichusershavetheoptiontodecideonthetypeofthelayout.

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Figure13-Cesiumlayersappscreenshot[45]

• 3Dmodels:ThisoptionallowsuserstoemploygITF2.0,afileformatfor3Dscenes/modelsusingtheJSONstandard,alongwithphysically-basedrenderingmaterials,animations,skinsand morph targets (deformed version of a shape) [46]. This feature is visualized in thescreenshotdepictedbyFigure12.Thefigureshowsa3Dmodelofanaircraftandinaddition,itshowsadropdownboxwiththeoptionofother3Dmodelssuchas,groundvehicles,hotairballoons,milktruck,skinnedcharacter,dracocompressedmodel(open-sourcecompressionlibrary)etc.Sincethistoolisopen-sourceithastheoptiontoadddesired3Dmodelssuchas,typicaldronemodels.

Figure14-3DmodelvisualizationviatheCesiumionapp

• Vectorsandgeometry:AfeaturethatloadsKML,GeoJSON,TopoJSON,andCZML[47].ThisfeaturealsoallowsuserstoemployCesiumsAPIdirectlytosketchavarietyoffeaturesandgeometriessuchaspolylines,polygons,polygonswithholes,rectangles,circles,ellipses,boxes,spheres,ellipsoids,cylinders,corridorsandpolylinevolumes[47].Inaddition,thereexistvisualeffects which make the visualization more realistic. Such visual effects include: fog, sunlighting,smoke,fire,wateretc.

• Time-dynamicvisualization:ThisfeatureoftheCesiumappprovidesuserstheoptionofhigh-fidelitytime-dynamicsimulation,real-timetelemetrystreamingand4Dvisualization[48].ThiscanbeseeninFigure13inwhichanaircraftissimulatedtoflyalinearpatternasdescribedbytheyellowlines.



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Figure15-Time-dynamicvisualizationofa3Daircraftmodel[49]

• 3D,2Dand2.5D(visualperception):Providesuserswith thepossibilityofa2Dmap,a3Dglobeanda2.5Dview(aperspectiveviewinwhichthemapislaidoutflat)withthesameAPI.Inaddition,userscaneasilymorphbetweenmodese.g.,from3Dto2Dviceversa[48].

3.1.3.2.2 GeoServerDataType:GeoJSON,TopoJSON,KML,GML

Provider:GeoServer,OpenLayersandGeotools


Source:http://geoserver.org/download/

http://openlayers.org/

http://geotools.org/

Description:

GeoServerisasoftwareserverprogrammedinJavaScriptthatallowsuserstoviewandeditgeospatialdataofthereal-world[49].Furthermore,GeoServerissupportedbytheOpenGeospatialConsortium,aninternationalnon-profitbodyformaintainingqualityglobalgeospatialinformation.

In addition, a variety ofmaps can be generated using OpenLayers, a freemapping library that isintegratedintoGeoServer[50].Thisenablesfastandsimplegenerationofmapsforusers.Moreover,GeoServeremploysanopensourceJAVAGIStoolkitknownasGeotools.Thisisopensourcesoftwarewhichprovidesstandardcompliantmethodsforthemanipulationofgeospatialdata.

GeoServerisintegratedwithexistingmappingAPIssuchasGoogleMaps,GoogleEarth,YahooMaps,andMicrosoftVirtualEarthinadditiontoGeoServer’sabilitytoconnectwithlegacyGISarchitecturese.g.ArcGIS.

3.1.3.2.3 NASAWorldWindDatatype:Shapefile,KML,VPF,GML,GeoJSON,GeoRSS

Provider:NASA

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Source:https://github.com/NASAWorldWind/WorldWindJava/

Description:

NASAWorldWindisanopensourcejavabasedAPIforvisualisingandhostinggeospatialdata[107].WorldWindiscurrentlyusedbyorganizationstomonitorweatherpatterns,visualizecitiesandterrain,track themovement of aircraft, analyse geospatial data, etc.WorldWind provides its userswith ageographicrenderingengineforpoweringavarietyofprojectsthatrequireahighrenderingcapabilitysuchas,flightsimulators.

TheWorldWindAPIprovidesaplethoraoffeatureswhichinclude:

• KMLvieweri.e.,demonstratesloading,displayingandinteractingwithKMLcontent

• Installingimagesandelevationsi.e.,allowsuserstoinstalldataandelevationdatafromathelocaldrive

• Export surface imagery and elevations i.e., allows users to save a selected area of surfaceimageryandelevationstoaGeoTIFFfile.

• Scankort Denmark data i.e., displays images in high resolution (0.2 meters per pixel) andelevationdata(1.6metersperpixel)

• Rigidshapes i.e.,allowsusers tovisualize typical rigidbox, cone,cylinder,ellipsoid/sphere,pyramidandwedgeshapes

• Extrudedshapesi.e.,displaysextrudedshapevisualizations

• Surfaceshapesi.e.,demonstratescommonsurfaceshapese.g.,surfacePolyline,surfaceQuad,surfaceSquare,surfaceEllipse,surfaceCircle,surfaceSector,andsurfacePolygon

• Airspaces i.e., displays and visualizes theWorldWind Java controlled airspace toolkit. Thisfeaturevisualizes3Dvolumesconstrainedbygeographiccoordinatesandupper/loweraltitudeboundaries(featureusefulforgeofencing/geocaging)

• Annotationsi.e.,allowsuserstodisplayannotationsonscreen

• MGRSgraticulei.e.,displaysavisualrepresentationoftheMilitaryGridReferenceSystemasagraticulethatisover-layeredonthesurfaceoftheglobe

• Airspacebuilder i.e., allowsusers to construct3D shapesusingWorldWind Java controlledairspaceshapes

• Linebuilderi.e.,enablesuserstodrawpathsoverterrainsurfaces

LinktoU-space:

Pre-tacticalGeofencing(U1)

Droneoperators/usersrequirehighlydetailedobstacleandterraindatainordertoexecuteadroneflightmissionsafely(U2).Similarly,dronemanufacturesalsoneedaccesstotheabovedatainorderto



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traintheirproprietaryalgorithmsthusenablingtheirdronestonavigatingthroughsuchcomplexurbanenvironmentswhichencaseswathsofdensehighrisebuildingsandcelltowers.Thecurrentprocessesfororiginationofthisdataincludeaburdensomeregulatoryframeworkforassessment/coordinationwiththeaviationauthorities.Therefore,newentrantssuchasdrones,willplaceadditionalpressureontheexistingframework.Asaresult,thiscallsforinnovativemethodstobesoughtfordigitizingtheurbanandrurallandscapes.

WhileopensourceservicesforObstacleandterraindataareaninterestingopportunity,thequalityand safety of the organisation of the related service providers should be compliant with industrystandardse.g.ISOTC/20SC/16).

3.1.3.3 MeteorologicalServices

3.1.3.3.1 Hyperlocalweatherinformation:TheDarkSkyCompany

Datatype:JSON

Provider:DarkSkyAPI


Source:https://maps.darksky.net/

Description:

DarkSkyprovideshyperlocalweatherinformationthatusesweatherpredictionalgorithmstopredictminute-by-minuteweatherdataofanexactlocation.ThisAPIserviceisprovidedoniOS,Androidandvia onlineweb access. TheDark Sky API is supported by a variety ofweather data sourceswhichinclude:

• TheUSANCEP’sCanadianMeteorologicalCentreensemblemodel(globaldata)

• TheGermanMeteorologicalOffice’ssevereweatheralertsystem(weatherdataforGermany)

• EnvironmentandClimateChangeCanada’sPublicAlertsystem(weatherdataforCanada)

• USANOAA:GlobalForecastSystem(globalweatherdata)

• USANOAA:High-ResolutionRapidRefreshModel(weatherdataforUSA)

• TheGermanMeteorologicalOffice’sicosahedralnonhydrostatic(globaldata)

• USANOAA:IntegratedSurfaceDatabase(datanearpopulatedareasavailableglobally)

• USANOAA/ESRL:MeteorologicalAssimilationDataIngestSystem(datanearpopulatedareasavailableglobally)

• METNorway:SevereWeatherWarningsystem(weatherdataforNorway)

• UKMetOffice:SevereWeatherWarningsystem(weatherdataforUK)

• USANOAA:NorthAmericanMesoscaleModel(weatherdataforNorthAmerica)

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• USANOAA:PublicAlertsystem(WeatherdataforUS)

• USANOAA/NCEP:Short-RangeEnsembleForecast(weatherdataforNorthAmerica)

• DarkSkyhyperlocalprecipitationforecastingsystem

Theabovelistofdatasourcesindicatesthatcertainweatherdataareavailablegloballyhowever,somedatapointsareonlysupportedregionally.Forexample,hyperlocalprecipitationforecastsandsevereweather alerts, critical for drone operations, are only available in US, UK, Canada, Germany andNorway.

ThedataprovidedviatheDarkSkyAPIconsistof19differentmeteorologicalconditionswhichinclude:

• Apparenttemperature-“feelslike”temperatureinDegreesCelsius

• Atmosphericpressure–sea-levelairpressureinhectopascals

• Cloudcover–percentageofskyoccludedbyclouds

• Dewpoint–temperatureinDegreesCelsiusbelowwhichwaterdropletsbegintocondense

• Humidity–fractionofmoistureintheatmosphere

• Liquidprecipitationrate–probabilityofprecipitationoccurring

• Moonphase-fractionalpartofthelunationnumberduringagivenday:

• Neareststormdistance-approximatedirectionofthecloseststormindegrees

• Neareststormdirection-approximatedistancetocloseststorminkilometres

• Ozone-columnardensityoftotalatmosphericozoneatthegiventimeinDobsonunits

• Precipitationtype-rain,snoworsleet

• Snowfall–amountofsnowfallaccumulationexpectedtooccurincentimetres

• Sunrise/set–timewhenthesunwillrise/setinagivendayinUNIXtime(hh:mm:ss)

• Temperature–airtemperatureinDegreesCelsius

• Textsummaries–readablesummaryofdatapoints

• UVindex–strengthUVradiationataparticularplaceandtime

• Windgust–sudden,briefincreaseinwindspeedinkilometresperhour

• Windspeed–speedofatmosphericwindinkilometresperhour

• Winddirection–windbearingindegrees

• Visibility–averagevisibilityinkilometres



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TheaboveAPIdatapointsonweatherinformationareprovidedfreeofchargeforthefirst1,000APIrequestperdayandthereafter,aminimalchargeapplies.

3.1.3.3.2 NationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(NOAA)Category:Weatherinformation

Datatype:severalmeteolayers

Technology:WMS

Access:public

3.1.3.3.3 IBLWeatherCategory:Weatherinformation

Datatype:severalmeteolayers

Technology:WMS

Access:public

3.1.3.3.4 IBLAviationhazardDatatype:severalmeteolayersSIGMET

TechnologyWMS

Access:public

3.1.3.3.5 GC(GlobalWeather)(geo.weather.gc.ca)Datatype:severalmeteolayers

TechnologyWMS

Access:public

3.1.3.3.6 AviationweatherDatatype:TAF/METAR

TechnologySOAP

Access:public

LinktoU-space:

U2–(Hyperlocal)weatherinformation.

Theaboveserviceprovideshyperlocalweatherinformationforcertaingeographicalareas.Hyperlocalweatherinformationishighlyrelevanttodroneoperators/users.Thisisbecauseweatherfactorssuchaswindspeedcanvarydependingonlocalfeaturese.g.,buildingdensity,landcover,elevation,andterrain.Havinghyperlocalmeteorologicaldataonaspecificandrelativelysmallergeographicalarea

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willenabledroneoperatorstoplaneffectivelyandthusexecutesaferflights.However,thereisspaceforimprovement.Theabovemethodprovidesweatherinformationminute-by-minutepercity/town.Therefore,furtherrefinementofthedataisrequiredtoholduptoits“hyperlocal”informationnaturei.e.,weather informationdown to the“street” levelought tobeprovided.Until suchmethodsaredeveloped,theaboveservicecanbeusedtopartiallyfulfilU-space’sU2service–hyperlocalweatherinformation.

3.2 ExistingInformationServices–DroneAviation

TheperennialgrowthinthedroneservicemarkethavecreatedcommercialUTMservices.Accordingto [2] theUTMservicesmarket isestimated tobeworthUS$517millionbetween2018-2022.ThisindicatesaspurtinseveralUTMservicestart-upcompanieswhichofferservicesthatadheretodroneoperator/userneeds.Thereport[2]statesthatcommercialUTMservicesareprominentincountriessuch as; USA, UK, Singapore, Dubai, Belgium, and Italy, At present, the UK is pioneering UTMdevelopmentprograms.

ThisSectionpresentsanoverviewofU-space/UTM-relatedservicesprovidedbycommercialstart-upcompanies.TheanalysiswasconductedbyperformingathoroughmarketsearchonU-space/UTM-relatedservicesbasedondroneoperator/userneeds.

3.2.1 AirMap

Category:UnmannedTrafficManagement

Description: AirMap is an airspace management platform that offers UTM, geofencing, remoteidentification, weather information, deconfliction solutions, NOTAMs, local drone regulations andrules.Theservicealsoindicatesadvisoriessuchas;controlledairspace,specialuseairspace,heliports,airports,schoolsetc.

Availability:Globalhowever,theserviceismoreadvanceintheUSandEurope.

Source:https://www.airmap.com/utm/

3.2.2 Unifly


Description:UniflyisanUTMplatformwhichconnectsauthoritieswithdroneoperators/userstosafelyintegratedronesintotheairspace.Authoritieshavetheabilitytovisualizeandapprovedroneflights.In addition, authorities are able to manage no-fly zones in real-time. The service allows droneoperatorstomanagetheirflightplansinlinewithinternationalandlocalregulations.

Availability:Global

Source:http://www.unifly.aero

3.2.3 Skyward



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Description:SkywardisanUTMplatformwhichconnectsallstakeholdersinvolvedindroneoperationsintooneefficientworkflow.Skywardprovidesaninteractiveairspacemapwith;flightrestrictionviews,marked hazards, points of interest, and VFR layers validated by airspace experts. In addition, theserviceprovideseasytounderstandairspacerulesandguidanceingainingaccesstomorecomplexairspaces.

Availability:Global

Source:http://www.Skyward.io

3.2.4 AltitudeAngel


Description:AltitudeAngelisatechnologycompanythatisenablingsafeintegrationanduseoffullyautonomousdronesintoairspaceworldwide.ThecompanysupportsbothU-spaceandUTM.AltitudeAngelprovidesusersaccess to rich sourceof real-timeaeronautical,environmentaland regulatorydata. The companyprovides 3 keyproducts, namely;GuardianApp,Drone SafetyMap, and FlightReportswithAirspaceAlerts.

The Guardian App allows users to learn about an environment before flight. It covers regulatedairspace,restricted,dangerandhazardousareasaswellasreal-timedynamicallyupdatedNOTAMandTFRnotices.

TheDroneSafetyMapprovidesaccurate,real-timeupdatestoaeronauticalandgroundhazardsforselectedcountries.Ithelpsusersplanandconductdroneflightsmoresafely.

TheFlightReportswithAirspaceAlertsproductoffersuserstheopportunitytoalertotherusersofpossibleflightoperatingnearby.Thisproductgivesbettersituationalawareness.

Availability:80countries

Source:https://www.altitudeangel.com/

3.2.5 DroneDeploy

Category:Droneflightplanningandnavigation

Description:DroneDeployprovidesreal-timedroneflightplanningandmappingoperations.Ithelpsdroneoperatorsexecuteamission.Theserviceprovidesbetternavigationalaccuracy byprovidingground control points. It helps users maintain visibility of previously flown routes, missions andcaptureddata.

Availability:Global

Source:https://www.dronedeploy.com/

3.2.6 Droneradar.eu


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Description:DroneRadarapplicationisdesignedtoincreaseairspacesituationalawarenessfordroneoperators/usersinPoland.ItusesdataacquireddirectlyfromPANSA,thePolishAirNavigationServicesAgency. This ensures users are given the actual situation in the air. DroneRadar provides; flightregistrations, flight regulations, airspace visualization, air traffic regulations, anti-collisionmarkers,simplified communication with ATC, air service activity information (activity of law enforcement,police,militaryetc),currentweather,sunriseandsunsettimes.

Availability:Poland

Source:https://droneradar.eu

3.2.7 Map2Fly


Description:Map2FlyisaGermanappcreatedbyFlynex,atechnologycompany.Map2FlyprovidesU-spaceservicessuchas;airspacedata,comprehensivegeodata,droneflightplanningandflightplanvalidation.ThisserviceissimilartotheservicesofferedbyAirMapandUnifly.ThenotabledifferenceisthatMap2Flyprovidesgeographicdata.Forexample,itprovidesinformationpertainingtoparticularareaofflightwithregardtotheareabeinganagriculturalarea,abirdsanctuary,anaturereserve,aforestarea,oreventhepresenceofpowerlineswhichcanbeusefulforthesafeoperationofdroneflights.

Availability:Germany

Source:https://map2fly.flynex.de

3.2.8 Simulyze

Category:Droneflightplanning

Description:Simulyzeisatechnologycompanythatoffersdroneoperators/usersdroneflightplanningservices.Suchservicesinclude;liveeventdata,weatherdata,GISdata,GPStracking,signalintelligenceand videometadata through its product “Mission Insights”. The product also accommodates bothstructuredandunstructureddata.

Availability:US

Source:https://simulze.com

3.2.9 Kittyhawk


Description: Kittyhawk unifies themission, drone, and data to empower safe and effective droneoperations.Kittyhawkprovidesuserswith;real-timeairspace,advisories,hyperlocalweather,checklistlogging,missionplanning, real-time telemetry,anddeconfliction. Inaddition, itprovides intelligentpost-flightanalysissuchas;maintenancechecklistsandbatteryhealthtracking.

Availability:Global



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Source:https://kittyhawk.io

3.2.10 DroneLogbook

Category:Droneflightplanmanagement

Description: Drone Logbook is a drone flight management platform that features mission andoperations planning. In addition, the service provides fleet management which provides detailedinformation regarding drone’s maintenance and flight history. The maintenance section furthercontains schematics of over 20 drone configurations which allows for more precise maintenancetracking.

Availability:Global

Source:https://dronelogbook.com

3.2.11 Hivemapper

Category:Geospatialdata

Description:Hivemapper isa start-upcompany thatuses3rdpartyvideodata toautomaticallyandintelligentlybuildaliving3Dmapusingpoint-clouddata.Itprovidesairspacemappingfordroneswhichdronescouldusetosafelyoperateflights.Hivemapperprovideshyperlocalgeospatialdatapertainingto(non)-permanentobstacleandterrains.

Availability:Limited

Source:https://hivemapper.com

3.2.12 HereTechnologies

Category:Geospatialdata

Description:HereTechnologiesprovidesphysicaldataabouttheworldaroundusdigitally.Itprovidesinformation3Dobstacleswithrespecttoitsgeometry,heightanddimensions.Thisdatahelpsdefinelocalno-flyandflyzonesfortheairspace.

Availability:Global

Source:https://www.here.com/

3.2.13 Trackimo

Category:Tracking

Description:Trackimo isaGPSbaseddronetrackingdevice.Thedevicehelpsdroneoperator trackdownlostdronesduetounfortunateflyawayinstances.Thereasonsforflyawaystemfromvariousreasonssuchas:

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• Strongwinds

• Radiointerference

• Faultyfirmwareupgrade

• Lossofconnections

• Pilotingerror

• Softwareglitches

• Lossoflineofsight

• PoorGPSdata

Trackimoprovides3GGPSandGSMreal-timetrackingofdronesviaweboriOS,oranAndroidapp.

Availability:Global

Source:https://trackimo.com/gps-drone-tracker/

ThissectionpresentedareviewoftheexistingUTM/U-Spacerelatedservicesprovidedbycommercialentities.Thereviewoutlinedabriefdescriptionofasetofrelevantcommercialentities,theavailabilityoftheserviceanditsrespectivesourceforaccess.Theservicesprovidedbythesestart-upcompaniescould be of use for the first phase of U-Space i.e., U1. However, to achieve the services andrequirementsofU2,moreadvancedserviceswillberequired.Moreimportantly,thereisaneedforacentralizedbody for the assuranceof thequality of the informationprovidedby such commercialentities.Therearealsoconcernspertainingtotheliabilityofdroneoperationswiththeuseofsuchservices provided by the above companies. Since these entities are competitive by nature, itmaycreateissuesontheinteroperabilityoftheservicesandtheconsistencyoftheinformationprovided.Therefore,providingaserviceor,anecosystemfordrones,suchasU-Spacewillovercometheaboveconcerns.TheseconcernswillbefurtherinvestigatedintheGapAnalysisreport(D4.1).



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4 ConclusionsThisdocumentpresentedadetailedreviewoftheexistingmannedandunmannedAIM/ATMservicesrelevanttoU-Space.TheservicesanalysedwereprimarilySWIMrelatedservices,open-sourceservicesand its respective levelof implementation.Similarly,a reviewwasconducted for theexistingUTMservices provided by a variety of start-up companies. After reviewing each respective service, ananalysiswasconductedinordertodecipherapossiblelinkbetweenthereviewedservicesandfutureU-Spaceservices.ItwasshownthatsomeoftheexistingservicescouldpotentialbeleveragedforU-Space.

Thekeyoutcomesofthisstudyissummarizedbelow:

• SeveralSWIMregistryserviceswerereviewedwhichcomprisedofaeronauticalinformation,capacity demand and flow, environment, flight, meteorology and surveillance informationelements.

• AvarietyofserviceswereanalysedfromtheEUROCONTROLservicecatalogue.TheseservicesareallrelatedtoSWIMservices.Moreover,theanalysedservicesareallprominentinmannedaviation.

• TheinvestigationofsuchSWIMservicesshowedthatafewconceptsoftheservicescouldbeleveraged for U-Space services as well and be implemented in the suitable U-Spacedeploymentlevels.

• TheanalysisofthemannedaviationservicesalsohighlightedtheneedforadditionalservicesforU-Space.Anexampleofsuchadditionalservicesinclude:pre-tacticalgeovectoring,tacticalgeovectoring, strategic geovectoring,dronehubcapacityanalyser, strategicurbannetworkplanningforVLLoperations,ATFCMatVLLservices,U-Spacestakeholderchatservice,GNSSavailability tool, cellular network coverage (e.g. LTEor 5G) anddrone surveillance incidentsupport.

• Severalopen-sourceservicesformannedaviationwerestudied.Itwasseenthathyperlocalweather information and real-timemanned aviation tracking could be leverage from suchopen-sourceservicesforfutureU-Spaceservices.

• Thestudyalsoinvestigatedexistingunmannedaviationservices.Theseservicesareprovidedby commercial start-up companieswhich partially cover U-Space services. However, theseservicesneed tobequalityassured toensuredataqualityand theproper integrityofdataorigination,asADQconceptintraditionalmannedaviation[64].

The results from this analysiswill be further expanded in the Gap Analysis Deliverable Document(D4.2).

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5 References

[1] DREAMSDeliverableD3.1“Scenariosdefinitionandrequirementsanalysis”

[2] The global market for UTM services https://www.unmannedairspace.info/utm-and-c-uas-market-analysis/global-market-utm-services-worth-us517-million-2018-2022-according-new-forecast/

[3] EUROCONTROL, Network Strategy Plan, Network Manager, 2015-2019http://www.eurocontrol.int/sites/default/files/publication/files/network-strategy-plan-2015-2019.pdf

[4] EUROCONTROL, Network Performance Plan, Network Manager, 2015-2019,http://www.eurocontrol.int/sites/default/files/publication/files/npp-report-2015-19.pdf

[5] EUROCONTROL,NetworkOperationsPortal(NOP),Thesinglecollaborationandplanningtool,https://www.public.nm.eurocontrol.int/PUBPORTAL/gateway/spec/index.html

[6] EUROCONTROL, Service catalogue, Strategic event planning,http://www.eurocontrol.int/service/strategic-event-planning

[7] EUROCONTROL, Service catalogue, Air traffic demand data, Pre- tactical-traffic forecasthttp://www.eurocontrol.int/articles/ddr-pre-tactical-traffic-forecast

[8] EUROCONTROL, Service catalogue, capacity assessment and planning guidance document,http://www.eurocontrol.int/sites/default/files/content/documents/nm/airspace/capacity-assessment-planning-guidance-doc-v2-8final.pdf

[9] EUROCONTROL, Service catalogue, Surveillance Data Distribution System,http://www.eurocontrol.int/articles/surveillance-data-distribution-system-sdds-service-based-network-work

[10] EUROCONTROL, Service catalogue, ATM surveillance tracker and server,http://www.eurocontrol.int/artas

[11] EUROCONTROL, Service catalogue, Surveillance tools, surveillance analysis support ATCcentres, http://www.eurocontrol.int/services/surveillance-analysis-support-system-atc-centre-sass-c

[12] EUROCONTROL, Service catalogue, Air traffic flow and capacity management,http://www.eurocontrol.int/service/strategic-pre-tactical-tactical-and-post-ops-air-traffic-flow-and-capacity-management

[13] EUROCONTROL, Service catalogue, Air traffic flow and capacity management, EnhancedTactical Flow Management System, http://www.eurocontrol.int/articles/enhanced-tactical-flow-management-system-etfms



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[14] EUROCONTROL, Flight activation monitoring (FAM),http://www.eurocontrol.int/sites/default/files/publication/files/fam-reduction-leaflet-2018.pdf

[15] EUROCONTROL, Network manager business-to-business web services,http://www.eurocontrol.int/service/network-manager-business-business-b2b-web-services

[16] EUROCONTROL, Service catalogue, Disruption and crisis management,http://www.eurocontrol.int/service/disruption-and-crisis-management

[17] EUROCONTROL, Network Operations Portal, NOP,https://www.public.nm.eurocontrol.int/PUBPORTAL/gateway/spec/index.html

[18] EUROCONTROL, Aeronautical information regulation and control,https://ext.eurocontrol.int/lexicon/index.php/Aeronautical_information_regulation_and_control

[19] EUROCONTROL, Service catalogue, Repetitive flight plan processing,http://www.eurocontrol.int/service/repetitive-flight-plan-processing

[20] EUROCONTROL, Service catalogue, Flight plan filing and management,http://www.eurocontrol.int/service/flight-plan-filing-and-management

[21] EUROCONTROL, Service catalogue, Aeronautical information,http://www.eurocontrol.int/service/aeronautical-information

[22] EUROCONTROL, Service catalogue, Static data operations,http://www.eurocontrol.int/articles/sdo-static-data-operations

[23] EUROCONTROL, Service catalogue, INO – International NOTAM Operations,http://www.eurocontrol.int/articles/ino-international-notam-operations

[24] EUROCONTROL, Service catalogue, Published AIP Management System,http://www.eurocontrol.int/articles/pams-published-aip-management-system

[25] EUROCONTROL, Service catalogue, Briefing facility for ARO,http://www.eurocontrol.int/articles/briefing-facility-aro

[26] EUROCONTROL, Service catalogue, AIP/Charts production,http://www.eurocontrol.int/articles/aipcharts-production

[27] EUROCONTROL, Service catalogue, Additional services,http://www.eurocontrol.int/articles/additional-services

[28] EUROCONTROL, Service catalogue, The European AIS Database (EAD),http://www.eurocontrol.int/articles/european-ais-database-ead

[29] ]EUROCONTROL,EADservicerequestform,http://www.eurocontrol.int/articles/ead-service-request-form

[30] EUROCONTROL, Service catalogue, Airspace data,http://www.eurocontrol.int/service/airspace-data

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[31] EUROCONTROL, Service catalogue, LARA: Local And sub-Regional Airspace ManagementSupportSystem

[32] EUROCONTROL, Service catalogue, Flexible use of airspace,http://www.eurocontrol.int/articles/flexible-use-airspace

[33] EUROCONTROL,Europeanroutenetwork improvementplan,part3,airspacemanagementhandbook guidelines for airspace management,http://www.eurocontrol.int/sites/default/files/publication/files/ernip-part-3-asm-handbook-edition-5-v5-4.pdf

[34] EUROCONTROL, Network manager radio frequency function,http://www.eurocontrol.int/sites/default/files/publication/files/2013-rff-factsheet.pdf

[35] EUROCONTROL, Service catalogue, Radio frequency management,http://www.eurocontrol.int/service/radio-frequency-management

[36] EUROCONTROL, Service catalogue, 8.33kHz coordination,http://www.eurocontrol.int/service/833khz-coordination

[37] EUROCONTROL, Service catalogue, Support to datalink operations,http://www.eurocontrol.int/service/support-datalink-operations

[38] EUROCONTROL, Service catalogue, ATS ground voice network coordination,http://www.eurocontrol.int/service/ats-ground-voice-network-coordination

[39] EUROCONTROL, Service catalogue, Air traffic services messaging management,http://www.eurocontrol.int/service/ats-messaging-management

[40] EUROCONTROL, Service catalogue, Flight message transfer protocol coordination,http://www.eurocontrol.int/service/flight-message-transfer-protocol-coordination

[41] EUROCONTROL, Service catalogue, IPv6 address management,http://www.eurocontrol.int/service/ipv6-address-management

[42] APNIC,Autonomoussystemsnumbers,https://www.apnic.net/get-ip/faqs/asn/

[43] Flightradar24,howitworks,https://www.flightradar24.com/how-it-works

[44] Cesium,about,https://cesiumjs.org/about/

[45] Cesium, Terrain and imagery layers,https://cesiumjs.org/Cesium/Build/Apps/Sandcastle/gallery/Imagery%20Layers%20Manipulation.html

[46] Cesium, 3D model,https://cesiumjs.org/Cesium/Build/Apps/Sandcastle/gallery/3D%20Models.html

[47] Cesium, Vectors and geometry,https://cesiumjs.org/Cesium/Build/Apps/Sandcastle/gallery/Geometry%20and%20Appearances.html

[48] Cesium,CesiumJSfeaturechecklist,https://cesiumjs.org/features/



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Founding Members

[49] Cesium, Time dynamic simulations,https://cesiumjs.org/Cesium/Build/Apps/Sandcastle/gallery/Interpolation.html

[50] GeoServer,About,http://geoserver.org/about/

[51] OpenLayers,http://openlayers.org/

[52] ICAO, A37-11, Performance-based navigation global goals,https://www.icao.int/safety/pbn/PBN%20references/Assembly%20Resolution%2037-11_%20PBN%20global%20goals.pdf

[53] EUROCONTROL, Service catalogue, Navigation, Tools, PBN Approach map,http://www.eurocontrol.int/services/performance-based-navigation-pbn-approach-map-tool

[54] EUROCONTROL, Network manager, CNS, Navigation, Tools, CNS dashboard,http://www.eurocontrol.int/services/communication-navigation-surveillance-cns-dashboard

[55] NAVBLUE,Products,GNSS-monitoring,https://www.navblue.aero/product/gnss-monitoring-by-navblue/

[56] EUROCONTROL, Network manager, CNS, Navigation, Tools, DEMETER,http://www.eurocontrol.int/demeter

[57] EUROCONTROL, Network manager, CNS, Navigation, Tools, FAS DB,http://www.eurocontrol.int/fas-db

[58] EUROCONTROL, Network manager, CNS, Navigation, Tools, Minima Estimation Toolhttp://www.eurocontrol.int/minima-estimation-tool-met

[59] EUROCONTROL, Network manager, CNS, Navigation, Tools, PEGASUS,http://www.eurocontrol.int/sites/default/files/publication/files/2013-pegasus-factsheet.pdf

[60] EUROCONTROL,Networkmanager,CNS,Navigation,Tools,EnhancedRNAVValidationToolhttp://www.eurocontrol.int/rnav-validation-tool-rvt

[61] EUROCONTROL, Network manager, CNS, Navigation, Tools, Turn calculator,http://www.eurocontrol.int/turn-calculator

[62] Hoekstra J.M, Ellerbroek J, Sunil E, Maas J, Geovectoring: Reducing traffic complexity toincreasethecapacityofUAVairspace,Inproceedings,ICRAT,2018

[63] NASA,WorldWind,https://worldwind.arc.nasa.gov/about/

[64] Regulation73/2010ontheQualityofAeronauticalDataandAeronauticalInformation

EDITION00.01.00

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D4.1 - Data and service catalogue - DREAMS

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Transcript of D4.1 - Data and service catalogue - DREAMS