Cylinder Management 1

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CYLINDER MANAGEMENT

Navin Chandra

Roll No:- 08ML01

Regd No:-0801223004

Krupajal EngineeringCollege.


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Abstract

Active fuel management is one of the important concernsin the present day automobile industry. Cylinder managementis a variable displacement technique adopted to increase thefuel efficiency of the engine. The technique aims at having

more efficient power trains for cars. Depending upon thepower requirements of the car the cylinders of the engine aremade operational. In cases where the power requirement isless, as in the case of heavy traffic, a few of the automobile ICengine cylinders are shut down. The process of deactivatingthe cylinders at part load is analogous to the fitting of a smallerengine for a shorter period. In contrast when the power

requirements are high, such as during acceleration, all thecylinders of the engine are made operational. This paperexplores the developing concept and technology for CylinderManagement which aims at improving fuel efficiency ofautomobile engines.


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Contents


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INTRODUCTION


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Introduction

Active Fuel Management as one of the important concerns inthe automobile industry.

Increasing the Fuel Efficiency of engines.

CYLINDER MANAGEMENT for more efficient power train incars.

Cylinder Management involves the selective operation ofcylinders of an engine as per the power requirements of thevehicle.

Active Fuel Management (formerly known as Displacement onDemand) is a trademarked name for the automobile variabledisplacement technology from General Motors.

Cylinder Management performed by selective deactivation.


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A typical Four Cylinder Engine

The ignition and fuel consumption in a four cylinder engine.


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The V-engine

The configuration of a V engine.

The cylinders are arranged in a V shaped manner.


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The IC Engine Cam Crank

The valve mechanism achieved in an ordinary engine bymeans of a cam shaft with cams.


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The Valve and Piston Operation

The movement of the valves and the piston of a typical multi-cylinder engine.


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The Working of a Car Engine

The working of a Ford eight cylinder V8 engine.


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CYLINDER DEACTIVATION


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Cylinder Deactivation

Cylinder deactivation is an advanced fuel economy boostingprocess. A few of the enginescylinders are shut down when lesspower is needed.

Depending upon the power requirements of the car the cylindersof the engine are made operational.

When power requirement is less, as in case of heavy traffic orwhen under gentle acceleration on motorway, a few enginecylinders are shut down.

When power requirements are high, such as during acceleration,all the cylinders of the engine are made operational.

In typical light load driving you use only around 30 percent of anengines maximum power.

Fuel consumption can be reduced by around 20 percent in

highway conditions.


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Deactivation Process

The deactivation process is done by mechanically disabling

inlet and exhaust valves. Cylinder deactivation can be done byvarious methods.

1. Cam profile switching.

2. Camless drive technology.

3. Active valve train.


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CAM PROFILE SWITCHING


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Cam Profile Switching

Cam profile switching tappet is used to switch between 2different cam profiles.


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Cam Profile Switching In this method cylinder deactivation is done by switching

between a normal cam lobe and a plain ,circular lobe whichdoes not produce any valve lift.


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ACTIVE VALVE TRAINTECHNOLOGY


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Active Valve Train

Current deactivation systems work by mechanically disablingthe inlet and exhaust valves.

Active Valve Train (AVT) technology the valves are operated

by high-speed hydraulic actuators allowing infinitely variablevalve timing and lift.

Lotus which has been working on cylinder deactivation sincethe late 1990s, has high hope for its future.

The valves are operated by high-speed hydraulic actuators

allowing infinitely variable valve timing and lift. AVT is expected to appear on a production car for the first

time in 2008.


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Active Valve Train


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Active Valve Train

LOTUS ELISE ENGINE WITH ACTIVE VALVE TRAIN


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Active Valve Train


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CAMLESS DRIVETECHNOLOGY


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Camless Drive

Camless engines would be more flexible, as thevalves could be computer-controlled.

Infinitely variable valve timing would be possible,

though variable valve lift would be more difficult theefficiency of a camless engine would be 20%greater than a comparable camshaft-operatedengine

Cam-less engines use solenoid valves instead ofthe conventional camshaft, cams, gears, rockerarms combination.

Solenoid valves are driven electronically allowingcompletely freedom of valve control.

A computer controls the opening and closing of thevalves instead of cam lobes actuating rocker arms.


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Camless Drive

Engine with Camless drive.


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Solenoid Valves

Upper magnet: Closing magnet

Holds valve closed for thedesired time

Switched off at valve opening

Lower magnet: Opening magnet

Catches approaching armatureand holds valve open for desiredtime

Supports opening motion of the

valve by feeding energy lostduring opening back into thesystem


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Controlled Auto Ignition

Ability to time the lift of valves to an infinite degree createsimmense possibilities. One such example is controlled autoignition (CAI).

This is done by trapping the exhaust gases in the cylinder andwith variable valve timing, by closing the exhaust valve earlyon the exhaust stroke before all the exhaust gases has beenexpelled. The trapped gases are compressed and expandagain as the piston goes over top dead centre. At the sametime the inlet valve opens to let the fuel and air, which mixeswith hot gas. When the compression stroke follows as normal,the mixture ignites automatically.

At compressed auto ignition engine out NOx is reduced bymore than 90% compared to a conventional spark ignitionpetrol engines.


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CONCLUSION


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Conclusion

The Concepts of Active Fuel Management and CylinderManagement are enlightening and can be developed tomanufacture highly fuel efficient engines.

The technology has the immense potential of saving a significantportion of the day to day fuel requirements.

The camless engine are cheaper and highly fuel efficient.

The Automobile industry looks forward for the practicalimplementation of various Cylinder Management technologies to

optimize fuel requirements and there by obtain increasedefficiencies.


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THANK YOU

REFERENCES

1. General Motors V8-6-4 (Cadillac)2. General Motors Active Fuel Management3. DaimlerChrysler Multi-Displacement System (MDS) (for Chrysler)4. DaimlerChrysler Active Cylinder Control (ACC) (for Mercedes-Benz)5. Honda Variable Cylinder Management (VCM)6. Lotus Elise: Rover K Series

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