Cycle 24 Meeting, Napa December 2008 Ryan Milligan NASA/GSFC Microflare Heating From RHESSI and...
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Transcript of Cycle 24 Meeting, Napa December 2008 Ryan Milligan NASA/GSFC Microflare Heating From RHESSI and...
Ryan MilliganNASA/GSFC
Cycle 24 Meeting, NapaDecember 2008
Microflare Heating From Microflare Heating From RHESSI and Hinode RHESSI and Hinode
ObservationsObservations
Ryan MilliganNASA-GSFC
Ryan MilliganNASA/GSFC
Cycle 24 Meeting, NapaDecember 2008
Energy released during flares…Energy released during flares…• Is divided between:
– Directly heating plasma in the corona at the magnetic reconnection site
– Accelerating electrons out of the thermal distribution
• These in turn drive chromospheric evaporation, filling the loop with high-temperature plasma
This aim of this study is to investigate the mechanism responsible for unusually high-temperatures observed during a microflare using RHESSI and Hinode
Ryan MilliganNASA/GSFC
Cycle 24 Meeting, NapaDecember 2008
SOT Ca II EIS Fe XV XRT Ti_poly
Red = downflowsBlue = upflows
Fe XXIV
6-12 keV
He IIFe XIIFe XV
Ryan MilliganNASA/GSFC
Cycle 24 Meeting, NapaDecember 2008
• Spectrum taken from 1 minute at flare peak
• Corrections for pulse pile-up and gain offset were applied
RHESSI Spectral AnalysisRHESSI Spectral Analysis
Ryan MilliganNASA/GSFC
Cycle 24 Meeting, NapaDecember 2008
Gain offset correctionGain offset correction
• Before the anneal RHESSI calibration was poorly known
• Data could be modified manually by fine-tuning the gain offset
• drm_mod works only for single detector
Ryan MilliganNASA/GSFC
Cycle 24 Meeting, NapaDecember 2008
Gain offset correctionGain offset correction
• Before the anneal RHESSI calibration was poorly known
• Data could be modified manually by fine-tuning the gain offset
• drm_mod works only for single detector
Ryan MilliganNASA/GSFC
Cycle 24 Meeting, NapaDecember 2008
Pileup correctionPileup correction
• Criteria for pileup– Total counts >104
– Excess emission at ~13 keV (twice the peak at 6.7 keV in A0 state)
• pileup_mod works only for single detector
Ryan MilliganNASA/GSFC
Cycle 24 Meeting, NapaDecember 2008
Pileup correctionPileup correction
• Criteria for pileup:– Total counts >104
– Excess emission at ~13 keV (twice the peak at 6.7 keV in A0 state)
• pileup_mod works only for single detector
Ryan MilliganNASA/GSFC
Cycle 24 Meeting, NapaDecember 2008
• Peak temperature of 15±1 MK
• No evidence for nonthermal emission
• Presence of Fe/Ni feature at 8 keV confirms high-continuum temperature
Spectral Fit ResultsSpectral Fit Results
Ryan MilliganNASA/GSFC
Cycle 24 Meeting, NapaDecember 2008
Hannah et al. (2008)Feldman et al. (1996)
Statistics of Flare TemperaturesStatistics of Flare Temperatures
Ryan MilliganNASA/GSFC
Cycle 24 Meeting, NapaDecember 2008
Klimchuk et al. (2008) Klimchuk et al. (2008) EBTEL 0D hydro-codeEBTEL 0D hydro-code
• Models plasma parameters for various forms of injected energy
• Peak temp is higher when less energy is used to accelerate electrons
Ryan MilliganNASA/GSFC
Cycle 24 Meeting, NapaDecember 2008
Ryan MilliganNASA/GSFC
Cycle 24 Meeting, NapaDecember 2008
If the flow in XRT is real:• Plasma flows left to right
along the loop• Evaporation occurs at X-ray
temperatures• Fe XV redshifts are
“chromospheric condensation” due to the overpressure of rising material
- too hot according to models - requires electron beam
• Blueshifts at right FP are due to the heat flux along the loop
Ryan MilliganNASA/GSFC
Cycle 24 Meeting, NapaDecember 2008
If flow in Fe XV is real:• Plasma flows from right
to left along the loop• Brightening in XRT is
actually a build up of hot material being deposited in the left leg of the loop
• Upflow velocity consistent with evaporation due to thermal conduction
Ryan MilliganNASA/GSFC
Cycle 24 Meeting, NapaDecember 2008
ConclusionsConclusions• Above-average temperature of 15 MK was
observed during a B-class flare• Absence of nonthermal emission plus low-
velocity upflows suggest that direct heating in the corona was responsible– Consistent with recent hydrodynamical model– Evaporation still required to supply material to
corona• Contradicting flow patterns were observed by
EIS and XRT