cww-introduction-2006.pdf

8/11/2019 cww-introduction-2006.pdf

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CAPWAP

CAPWAP

IntroductionIntroduction

0.0 1000.0 2000.0 3000.0 4000.00.00

Load(kN) PileTopBottom

20062006--20112011 -- GRL Engineers, Inc.GRL Engineers, Inc. -- Pile Dynamics, Inc.Pile Dynamics, Inc.

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

Ru = 3425.2 kNRs = 1458.6 kN

Rb = 1966.6 kNDy = 18.8 mm

Dx= 18.8 mm

CAPWAPCAse Pile Wave Analysis Programsince 1969

Automatic (Univac) until 1974

Interactive (Varian, Minc, Early PCs)

Automatic and interactive since 1988

CAPWAP is aSignal Matching Program

(System Identification Analysis or Reverse Analysis)

CAPWAP is aSignal Matching Program

(System Identification Analysis or Reverse Analysis)

We know the Load (i.e. the measured force)

We know the Movement under the Load (i.e. the

displacement from the measured acceleration)

But we do not know the System

We know the Load (i.e. the measured force)

We know the Movement under the Load (i.e. the

displacement from the measured acceleration)

But we do not know the System

ys emys em ovemenovemenoaoa

The System Consists of

Pile and Soil

The System Consists of

Pile and Soil

Normally all pile parameters are known! Therefore

only soil parameters must be calculated.

Normally all pile parameters are known! Therefore

only soil parameters must be calculated.

CAPWAP has to determine soil parameters. Input

into CAPWAP program are:

Pile top force and velocity

Pile properties

CAPWAP has to determine soil parameters. Input

into CAPWAP program are:

Pile top force and velocity

Pile properties

Why all that calculation?Why all that calculation?

Why not plot

Measured Force vs Measured Displacement?

Why not plot

Measured Force vs Measured Displacement?

. Because Measured Force Includes:

Impact and wave effects

Static resistance effects

Dynamic resistance effects

. Because Measured Force Includes:

Impact and wave effects

Static resistance effects

Dynamic resistance effects

1500

0

250

500

750

1000

1250

0 5 10 15 20 25

Pile top displacement in mm

Piletop

forcein

kN


2/11

The CAPWAP ProcedureThe CAPWAP Procedure

CAPWAP solves the rocess in anCAPWAP solves the rocess in an

iterative procedure

iterative procedure

CAPWAP METHODCAPWAP METHODCAPWAP METHODCAPWAP METHOD

1 Set up pile model and1 Set up pile model and

assume Rassume Rshaftshaft and Rand Rtoetoe

2 A l one measured curve2 A l one measured curve vvmm

vvmm FFccFFmm

RRshaftshaft

RRtoetoe5 Go to Step 25 Go to Step 2

4 Adjust R4 Adjust Rshaftshaft and Rand Rtoetoe

3 Compare3 Compare FFcc with measuredwith measured FFmm

Calculate complementaryCalculate complementary FFcc

Repeat until matchRepeat until match

is satisfactoryis satisfactory

Final match (good)

First try (poor)

ustments

CAPWAP is an iterative process

The Pile ModelThe Pile ModelThe Pile ModelThe Pile Model

ZZii--11LLiiLLii

The Pile is divided in NThe Pile is divided in Nppuniform pile segmentsuniform pile segmentsof approx. 1 m length.of approx. 1 m length.

The Pile is divided in NThe Pile is divided in Nppuniform pile segmentsuniform pile segmentsof approx. 1 m length.of approx. 1 m length.

ZZi+1i+1

ZZii

t =t =

LLii/c/cii

The Wave travel time,The Wave travel time,

t, ist, is the same in allthe same in allsegments (.2 to .25 ms)segments (.2 to .25 ms)

The Wave travel time,The Wave travel time,

t, ist, is the same in allthe same in allsegments (.2 to .25 ms)segments (.2 to .25 ms)

ac segmen asac segmen as

impedance Zimpedance Zii = E= EiiAAii/c/ciiand wave speed cand wave speed cii

ac segmen asac segmen as

impedance Zimpedance Zii = E= EiiAAii/c/ciiand wave speed cand wave speed cii

The Combined Pile and Soil ModelThe Combined Pile and Soil ModelThe Combined Pile and Soil ModelThe Combined Pile and Soil Model

Soil segment lengthSoil segment lengthSoil segment lengthSoil segment length

Mass density,Mass density,

Modulus, EModulus, E

Mass density,Mass density,

Modulus, EModulus, E

Spring (static resistance)Spring (static resistance)Spring (static resistance)Spring (static resistance)

WavespeedWavespeed

c =c =

(E/(E/

))

WavespeedWavespeed

c =c =

(E/(E/

))

t

t

t

Pile segment lengthPile segment lengthPile segment lengthPile segment length

as po ynam c res s anceas po ynam c res s anceas po ynam c res s anceas po ynam c res s ance

Travel timeTravel time

t =t = L/cL/c

Travel timeTravel time

t =t = L/cL/c

t

t

t

XX--secn area, Asecn area, AXX--secn area, Asecn area, A

PilePile

Impedance,Impedance,

Z = EA/cZ = EA/c

PilePile

Impedance,Impedance,

Z = EA/cZ = EA/c

RRuiui, q, qii JJ ii

RRNsNs

RRNsNs--11

TheThe

CAPWAPCAPWAP

SoilSoil

ResistanceResistance

ModelModel

TheThe

CAPWAPCAPWAP

SoilSoil


ModelModel

RRtt, q, q ttJJTT

mmPLPL

Shaft Resistance,Shaft Resistance,

Ns timesNs timesttGG


3/11

RRu,su,s

RRssquake, qquake, qss

Static Shaft Resistance ModelStatic Shaft Resistance Model

uuss

RRu,nu,n

UN =UN = --RRu,nu,n/R/Ru,su,s

Unloading quake,Unloading quake,

qqss ccss

ss

RRss

RRu,tu,t

RRtt

Static Toe Resistance ModelStatic Toe Resistance Model

uuttquake, qquake, qtt

unloadingunloading

quake, qquake, qtt cctt

Toe gap: tToe gap: tgg

Damping Resistance: RDamping Resistance: Rdd = J= Jvv vv

RRdd = J= JCaseCase Z vZ v = J= JSmithSmith RRuu vv

PilePile

SegmentSegment

Velocity,Velocity,

vv

Damping ConstantDamping Constant

Conversions:Conversions:

JJSmithSmith = J= Jvv /R/RuuJJCaseCase = J= Jvv /Z/Z

JJSmithSmith = J= JCaseCase Z / RZ / Ruu

Damping ConstantDamping Constant

Conversions:Conversions:

JJSmithSmith = J= Jvv /R/RuuJJCaseCase = J= Jvv /Z/Z

JJSmithSmith = J= JCaseCase Z / RZ / Ruu

NormalNormal--Viscous (Option=0)Viscous (Option=0)

RRdd = J= JCC Z v =Z v = RRUU JJSS vv

NormalNormal--Viscous(Option=0)Viscous (Option=0)

RRdd = J= JCC Z v =Z v = RRUU JJSS vv

velocityvelocity

vv

PilePile

JJss = J= Jcc Z/RZ/RUUJJss = J= Jcc Z/RZ/RUU

CAPWAP Damping ModelCAPWAP Damping ModelCAPWAP Damping ModelCAPWAP Damping Model

SmithSmith--Combined (Option=2)Combined (Option=2)

RRdd = R= RSS JJSS vv

True Smith unti l RTrue Smith unti l RSS = R= RUUthen true viscousthen true viscous

SmithSmith--Combined (Option=2)Combined (Option=2)


True Smith unti l RTrue Smith unti l RSS = R= RUUthen true viscousthen true viscous

Smith (Option=1)Smith (Option=1)


Smith (Option=1)Smith (Option=1)


RRuiui, q, qii JJii

mmss

RRNsNs--11

TheThe

CAPWAPCAPWAP

SoilSoil


ModelModel

TheThe

CAPWAPCAPWAP

SoilSoil


ModelModel RRNsNs

mmtt

RRtt, q, qttJJTT

SKSK

JJBTBT

mmPLPL

ttGG

Not usedNot used

Shaft Resistance,Shaft Resistance,

Ns timesNs times

Mass related to circumferenceMass related to circumference

Damper related to soil strengthDamper related to soil strength

Radiation Damping Model Radiation Damping Model

Standard CAPWAP UnknownsStandard CAPWAP Unknowns

Main Parameters

Rui: NS values at shaft +1 value at toe

Ji: 1 value at shaft +1 value at toe

qi: Loading - 1 value at shaft +1 value at toe

Main Parameters

Rui: NS values at shaft +1 value at toe

Ji: 1 value at shaft +1 value at toe

qi: Loading - 1 value at shaft +1 value at toe

Major Trimming Parameters

Unloading quake - 1 value at shaft +1 value at toe

+ 1 shaft unloading level

Major Trimming Parameters

Unloading quake - 1 value at shaft +1 value at toe

+ 1 shaft unloading level

Total NS + 8 unknownsTotal NS + 8 unknowns

For 20 m pile penetration: 18 unknownsFor 20 m pile penetration: 18 unknowns


4/11

CAPWAP Match QualityCAPWAP Match Quality

Match Quality isMatch Quality is

The sum of absolute values of differences between computedThe sum of absolute values of differences between computed

and measured values divided by maximum forceand measured values divided by maximum forcePlus blow count penalty (> 0)Plus blow count penalty (> 0)

MQ =MQ = PeriodPeriodtimetime[F[FMM --FFCC]/F]/FXX ++

Computed Final SetComputed Final Set Measured Final SetMeasured Final Set 1 mm1 mm

Toe res. begins, total capacity developsToe res. begins, total capacity develops

CAPWAP Record DivisionsCAPWAP Record DivisionsCAPWAP Record DivisionsCAPWAP Record Divisions

Shaft resistance begins to developShaft resistance begins to develop

FxFx

Unloading period beginsUnloading period begins

trtr

CAPWAP Match QualityCAPWAP Match Quality

2L/c2L/c

Period IPeriod I

tr+3tr+3

msms

IIII IIIIII

tr+5mstr+5ms

25ms25ms

IVIV

trtr

Match QuantityMatch QuantityMatch QuantityMatch Quantity

Traditionally we have used measured velocity,

vm, as an input and calculated force, Fc, and

compared with measured force, Fm.

s o en e er o use wave own, d,m, as an

input, calculate wave up, FU,C and compare it

with Fu,m. WHY?

Remember FU,m = (Fm - Zvm)

and Fd,m = (Fm + Zvm)

Remember FU,m = (Fm - Zvm)

and Fd,m = (Fm + Zvm)

150

-2000.00

0.00

2000.00

4000.00

ms

kipsForceMsd

ForceCptFORCE MATCHINGFORCE MATCHING

WAVE MATCHINGWAVE MATCHING

150

-500.00

0.00

500.00

1000.00

ms

kips

5 L/c

WupMsd

WupCpt

Recommended CAPWAP ProcedureRecommended CAPWAP Procedure

1. Data input: select the proper record

1. Data adjustment (normally automatic)

2. Build pile model (normally automatic)

1. Improve resistance distribution

1. Check quake (particularly toe effect)

1. Data input: select the proper record

1. Data adjustment (normally automatic)

2. Build pile model (normally automatic)

1. Improve resistance distribution

1. Check quake (particularly toe effect)

. ec amp ng e ec s

3. Check unloading effects

2. Repeat

3. Repeat and find absolutely best match quality

2. Produce output

. ec amp ng e ec s

3. Check unloading effects

2. Repeat

3. Repeat and find absolutely best match quality

2. Produce output


5/11

Record Selection - QualityRecord Selection - Quality

Use record of good quality Good proportionality

No electronic or mechanical noise

Force returns to zero

Short rise time

Record SelectionRecord SelectionWe cannot completely control the test!We cannot completely control the test!

1.1. For high resistance (set < 3 mm/blow; > 8 BPI)

find high energy/high force record

1.1. For high resistance (set < 3 mm/blow; > 8 BPI)

find high energy/high force record

. or ow res s ance se > mm ow; < ,

find blow with low energy/low force

or reduce energy input to pile

. or ow res s ance se > mm ow; < ,

find blow with low energy/low force

or reduce energy input to pile

Unit friction < 4Unit friction < 4 ksfksf(200(200 kPakPa )) for most soilsfor most soils

QT (+TG)QT (+TG) 1.0 if gap is usedCT can be > 1.0 if gap is used

Match set / blowMatch set / blow (has penalty if set difference > 1 mm)(has penalty if set difference > 1 mm)

use SK for low set / blow, drilled oruse SK for low set / blow, drilled or augeredaugered pilespiles

do NOT use SK in high set / blow ( > 8 mm / blow; < 3 BPI )do NOT use SK in high set / blow ( > 8 mm / blow; < 3 BPI )

Build Pile ModelBui ld Pile ModelBui ld Pile ModelBui ld Pile Model

1.1. Use 1 m pile segments in most cases

2. For records with very high frequency content,

use shorter pile segments - no point using less

than .25 m se ment len th )t = .05 to .06 ms

1.1. Use 1 m pile segments in most cases

2. For records with very high frequency content,

use shorter pile segments - no point using less

than .25 m se ment len th )t = .05 to .06 ms

3. Use 2 m soil segments in most cases

4. Use 1m soil segments where shallow

penetrations would yield less than 4 soil

segments (CAPWAP default)

3. Use 2 m soil segments in most cases

4. Use 1m soil segments where shallow

penetrations would yield less than 4 soil

segments (CAPWAP default)

CAPWAPCAPWAP

Lets have a look at the interactive demo

that is part of the CAPWAP package.

CAPWAP Interactive Demo

Record Adjustment: Use PDARecord Adjustment: Use PDA--W/CWW/CW

Proportionality and IntegrationProportionality and Integration

Record Adjustment: Use PDARecord Adjustment: Use PDA--W/CWW/CW

Proportionality and IntegrationProportionality and Integration


6/11

First Trial Analysis: RFirst Trial Analysis: Ruu = RX5;= RX5;

J=0.16/0.5 s/m; qJ=0.16/0.5 s/m; qss=2.5 mm; q=2.5 mm; qtt=D/120; R=D/120; Rii automaticautomatic

Force MatchingForce Matching

First Trial Analysis: RFirst Trial Analysis: Ruu = RX5;= RX5;

J=0.16/0.5 s/m; qJ=0.16/0.5 s/m; qss=2.5 mm; q=2.5 mm; qtt=D/120; R=D/120; Rii automaticautomatic

Force MatchingForce Matching

Wave matchingWave matching -- preferredpreferredWave matchingWave matching -- preferredpreferred

Determine resistance distribution from differenceDetermine resistance distribution from difference

between calculated and measured wavebetween calculated and measured wave--upup



2. Determine resistance distribution from difference2. Determine resistance distribution from difference


2. Determine resistance distribution from difference2. Determine resistance distribution from difference


ChangedChanged

1: 59 to 101: 59 to 10

2: 110 to 102: 110 to 10





ChangedChanged

3: 163 to 1003: 163 to 100

4: 218 to 1004: 218 to 100

5: 273 to 1005: 273 to 100





Used AFUsed AF


7/11





Used FurtherUsed Further

ManualManual

ImprovementsImprovements

Adjust CAPWAP variablesAdjust CAPWAP variablesAdjust CAPWAP variablesAdjust CAPWAP variables

Used AQUsed AQ

adjustingadjusting

damping,damping,

quakes, toe andquakes, toe and

unloadingunloading

parametersparameters

Iterate for total capacity, CAPWAP Variables,Iterate for total capacity, CAPWAP Variables,

damping mode, toe resistance magnitudedamping mode, toe resistance magnitude

Iterate for total capacity, CAPWAP Variables,Iterate for total capacity, CAPWAP Variables,

damping mode, toe resistance magnitudedamping mode, toe resistance magnitude

Check totalCheck total

capacity (ARD),capacity (ARD),

Recheck AQRecheck AQ

Check toe SmithCheck toe Smith

damping anddamping andresistanceresistance

Toe quakeToe quake

sensitivitysensitivity

Toe quakeToe quake

sensitivitysensitivity

QQtt: 0.2: 0.2 0.710.71

(inch)(inch)

QQtt: 0.2: 0.2 0.710.71

(inch)(inch)

Shaft damping sensitivityShaft damping sensitivityShaft damping sensitivityShaft damping sensitivity


8/11

Js: 0.336Js: 0.336 0.200 (s/ft)0.200 (s/ft)Js: 0.336Js: 0.336 0.200 (s/ft)0.200 (s/ft) Toe damping sensitivityToe damping sensitivityToe damping sensitivityToe damping sensitivity

JJtt: 0.027: 0.027 0.15 (s/ft)0.15 (s/ft)JJtt: 0.027: 0.027 0.15 (s/ft)0.15 (s/ft) Check damping parameters

1. Higher than recommended at shaft and toe?Low resistance soil? May be OK

High resistance soil? Consider higher resistance or radiation

damping (Use RD)

No experience in these soils? Maybe OK?

.Switch static resistance or damping from shaft to toe or vice

versa

3. Lower than .1 s/m at shaft or toe?Reduce capacity (RD)

Switch static resistance or damping from shaft to toe or vice

versa

OutputOutputOutputOutputOutput Tables:Output Tables:

Calculated SoilCalculated Soil

ModelModel

Output Tables:Output Tables:

Calculated SoilCalculated Soil

ModelModel

CAPWAP FINAL RESULTS

Total CAPWAP Capacity: 804.4; along Shaft 96.4; at Toe 708.0 kips

Soil Dist. Depth Ru Force Sum Unit Unit Smith Quake

Sgmnt Below Below in Pile of Resist. Resist. DampingNo. Gages Grade Ru (Depth) (Area) Factor

ft ft kips kips kips k ips/ft ksf s/ft in

804.4

1 79.4 5.8 16.9 787.5 16.9 2.55 0.27 0.243 0.100

2 86.0 12.4 9.5 778.0 26.4 1.44 0.15 0.243 0.1003 92.6 19.0 1.9 776.1 28.3 0.29 0.03 0.243 0.100

4 99.2 25.7 0.0 776.1 28.3 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.100

5 105.8 32.3 0.0 776.1 28.3 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.1006 112.5 38.9 0.0 776.1 28.3 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.100

7 119.1 45.5 6.5 769.6 34.8 0.98 0.10 0.243 0.100

8 125.7 52.1 11.3 758.3 46.1 1.71 0.18 0.243 0.1009 132.3 58.7 11.3 747.0 57.4 1.71 0.18 0.243 0.100

10 138.9 65.3 6.5 740.5 63.9 0.98 0.10 0.243 0.100

11 145.5 72.0 6.5 734.0 70.4 0.98 0.10 0.243 0.100

12 152.2 78.6 6.5 727.5 76.9 0.98 0.10 0.243 0.10013 158 8 85 2 6 5 721 0 83 4 0 98 0 10 0 243 0 100 ii,, ii,, ii ,, ii ii,,

JJii,, qqii

++

Soil Model ExtensionsSoil Model Extensions

ii,, ii,, ii ,, ii ii,,

JJii,, qqii

++

Soil Model ExtensionsSoil Model Extensions

1 1 . . . 1 . . . .1 . .1

14 165.4 91.8 6.5 714.5 89.9 0.98 0.10 0.243 0.100

15 172.0 98.4 6.5 708.0 96.4 0.98 0.10 0.243 0.100

Avg. Skin 6.4 0.98 0.10 0.243 0.100

Toe 708.0 100.16 0.092 0.830

Soil Model Parameters/Extensions Skin Toe

Case Damping Factor 0.111 0 .309 Smith Type

Reloading Level (% of Ru) 100 100Unloading Level (% of Ru) 75

R es is ta nc e G ap ( in cl ud ed i n T oe Q ua ke ) ( in ) 0 .0 30

CAPWAP match quality: 3.96(Wave Up Match)

Observed: final set = 0.197 in; blow count = 61 b/ftComputed: final set = 0.121 in; blow count = 100 b/ft


9/11


Extrema,Extrema,

Case MethodCase Method


Extrema,Extrema,

Case MethodCase Method

EXTREMA TABLE

Pile Dist. max. min. max. max. max. max. max.

Sgmnt Below Force Force Comp. Tens. Trnsfd. Veloc. Displ.No. Gages Stress Stress Energy

ft kips kips ksi ksi kip-ft ft/s in

1 3.3 1419.4 -559.9 2.914 -1.150 69.27 6.7 1.301

2 6.6 1419.4 -566.2 2.914 -1.163 69.21 6.7 1.2965 16.5 1420.0 -551.5 2.915 -1.132 69.00 6.7 1.277

8 26.5 1419.5 -518.3 2.914 -1.064 68.68 6.7 1.25311 36.4 1418.3 -476.7 2.912 -0.979 68.25 6.7 1.22514 46.3 1419.8 -434.1 2.915 -0.891 67.67 6.7 1.195

17 56.2 1431.7 -394.7 2.939 -0.810 66.93 6.7 1.161

20 66.2 1440.1 -353.3 2.957 -0.725 65.98 6.6 1.12623 76.1 1442.1 -297.7 2.961 -0.611 64.73 6.6 1.106

26 86.0 1401.1 -267.7 2.877 -0.550 60.86 6.6 1.091

29 95.9 1378.0 -196.0 2.829 -0.402 57.21 6.5 1.074

32 105.8 1393.5 -118.1 2.861 -0.242 55.58 6.7 1.05435 115.8 1404.9 -117.0 2.884 -0.240 55.11 7.2 1.033

38 125.7 1397.5 -107.4 2.869 -0.221 53.35 8.0 1.01041 135.6 1253.0 -82.1 2.572 -0.169 48.50 8.5 0.985

44 145.5 1079.6 -74.0 2.217 -0.152 46.60 9.6 0.96047 155.5 954.6 -57.3 1.960 -0.118 43.37 9.8 0.932

48 158.8 873.8 -57.2 1.794 -0.117 43.10 9.2 0.92349 162.1 843.2 -51.8 1.731 -0.106 41.59 8.8 0.913

50 165 4 790 2 -53 2 1 622 -0 109 41 30 9 0 0 903 . . . . . . . .51 168.7 813.5 -49.6 1.670 -0.102 39.80 9.1 0.89352 172.0 865.3 -54.5 1.777 -0.112 39.52 9.0 0.883

Absolute 79.4 2.963 (T = 30.8 ms) 6.6 -1.163 (T = 47.4 ms)

CASE METHOD

J = 0 .0 0 .1 0 .2 0 . 3 0 . 4 0 .5 0 .6 0 .7 0 .8 0 .9

R S1 6 66 .8 49 3. 6 3 20 .5 1 47 .3 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0

RMX 1060.4 974.9 948.5 922.0 897.9 880.5 874.2 873.5 872.7 871.9R SU 6 66 .8 49 3. 6 3 20 .5 1 47 .3 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0

RAU= 864.6 (kips); RA2= 891.2 (kips)

Current CAPWAP Ru= 804.4 (kips); Corresponding J(Rs)= 0.00; J(Rx)=1.00

VMX VFN VT1*Z FT1 FMX DMX DFN EMX RLT

ft/s ft/s kips kips kips in in kip-ft kips 6 .8 6 0 .0 0 12 21. 9 1 17 6. 6 1 4 20 .4 1. 313 0 .1 97 6 9. 5 1 10 4. 1


AnnotationsAnnotations

To review complexTo review complex


AnnotationsAnnotations

To review complexTo review complex

Demo; Pile: p66-rst - H-pile Test: 26-Apr-2006 08:01:

HP14*89; Blow: 4 CAPWAP(R) 2006

GRL Engineers, Inc. OP: jiu

CAPWAP ANNOTATIONS

QS UN CS LS JS SS OSP SK MS PS

2.520 0.200 0.707 1.000 2.641 0.652 0 0.000 0.000 0.000

QT TG CT LT JT ST OP BT MT PL

2.848 0.445 0.300 1.000 0.134 0.080 2 0.000 0.000 1.853

RSA PI

0 0.010

TV AC T1 T2 A12 T3 T4 A34

20.5 0.08 0.0 20.5 0.05 20.5 24.5 -3.86

Replay Factor 1 2 Avg.

Force 0.990 0.990 0.990

Veloctiy 1.000 1.010 1.005

Since the data was adjusted through PDA-W,

no other data adjustment parameters available.

PE M_BLct C_BLct CI BT MQ FR J_Rx J_Rs

20. 5 1049.9 744.6 1.422 0.126 1.50 50 00 0. 72 0 .71

Models, AdjustmentsModels, AdjustmentsModels, AdjustmentsModels, Adjustments

Page 1 Analysis: 03-Aug-2006

Added E-Modulus Cut-off Toe Quake and Uplift Frictn

Quake Multipl ier Damping Optn Reduct. Factr

0.00 0.00 1.00 0 0.80

Added Impedance

13

87.56

Added Damping

None

Damping Multipliers

All ones

Capac ity Reduction Factors

All ones

Check calculated final set (blow count)Check calculated final set (blow count)Check calculated final set (blow count)Check calculated final set (blow count)

How is final set (blow count) calculated?

Average of final set of all segments

How does calculated final set (blow count) affect match

quality?

MQ penalty: difference of final set in mm - 1

Calculated final set de ends on and can becorrected b :

How is final set (blow count) calculated?

Average of final set of all segments

How does calculated final set (blow count) affect match

quality?

MQ penalty: difference of final set in mm - 1

Calculated final set de ends on and can becorrected b :

acceleration adjustment

total resistance change (static and dynamic)

quakes

unloading parameters

rechecking measured final set

acceleration adjustment

total resistance change (static and dynamic)

quakes

unloading parameters

rechecking measured final set

Find best MQFind best MQ

Adjust individual segment resistances to improve match

automatic feature may smoothen distribution too much

1. See how shifting resistance from shaft to toe and vice

versa with appropriate quake and damping adjustments

can improve match

Adjust individual segment resistances to improve match

automatic feature may smoothen distribution too much

1. See how shifting resistance from shaft to toe and vice

versa with appropriate quake and damping adjustments

can improve match

2. Use ARD (or ARDQ) to vary capacity and check RU

3. Use AQ (Automatic Quantity improvement) on individual

quantities or groups of CAPWAP variables

4. Do not spend excessive effort on late record portion

unless it does affect the capacity/distribution results

2. Use ARD (or ARDQ) to vary capacity and check RU

3. Use AQ (Automatic Quantity improvement) on individual

quantities or groups of CAPWAP variables

4. Do not spend excessive effort on late record portion

unless it does affect the capacity/distribution results

CAPWAP Automatic Features

AC Automatic CAPWAP (after user initialization)

AF Calculate shaft resistance parameters

AQ Select and change CW quantities for BM

AQ Change current CW quantity for BM

AQ-Std Change CW standard quantities* for BM

AC Automatic CAPWAP (after user initialization)

AF Calculate shaft resistance parameters

AQ Select and change CW quantities for BM

AQ Change current CW quantity for BM

AQ-Std Change CW standard quantities* for BM

a cu a e a se o oe parame ers

ARD Static/dynamic resistance exchange for with

user interaction for BM

ARDQ Quick Static/dynamic resistance exchange

*CW standard quantities: SS, ST, QS, QT, TG, UN, CS, CT

a cu a e a se o oe parame ers

ARD Static/dynamic resistance exchange for with

user interaction for BM

ARDQ Quick Static/dynamic resistance exchange

*CW standard quantities: SS, ST, QS, QT, TG, UN, CS, CT

CAPWAP Help FeaturesCAPWAP Help FeaturesCAPWAP Help FeaturesCAPWAP Help Features

HCHC CAPWAP Variable HelpCAPWAP Variable HelpHCHC CAPWAP Variable HelpCAPWAP Variable Help

HRHR CAPWAP ResistanceCAPWAP Resistance

vs Displacement Helpvs Displacement Help

HMHM CAPWAP Match suggestionsCAPWAP Match suggestions

HRHR CAPWAP ResistanceCAPWAP Resistance

vs Displacement Helpvs Displacement Help

HMHM CAPWAP Match suggestionsCAPWAP Match suggestions


10/11

CAPWAP Static Analysis OptionsCAPWAP Static Analysis OptionsCAPWAP Static Analysis OptionsCAPWAP Static Analysis Options

Extrapolation

SmootingUser Capacity

Extrapolation

SmootingUser Capacity

0.0 300.0 600.0 900.0 1200.0 1500.00.00

0.30

0.60

Load(kips)PileTop

Bottom

PileTop*

Bottom*

Ru = 1105.4 kips

Rs = 780.0 kips

Rb = 325.4 kips

Dy = 0.79in

Dx = 1.41in

*

0.90

1.20

1.50

xrap.

The PEBWAP Result

(Pile End Bearing Wave Analysis Program)

0.0 225.0 450.0 675.0 900.0

0.00

0 05

Load (kips)Pile Top

Stat R. J = 0.7

RR--TotalTotal

FFbb(T) = F(T) = F(T) + F(T) + F (T+2L/c)(T+2L/c)

VVbb(T) = v(T) + v (T+2L/c)(T) = v(T) + v (T+2L/c).

0.10

0.15

0.20

Set(inch)

Set(inch)

= { F(T)= { F(T) F (T+2L/c) } / ZF (T+2L/c) } / Z

DDbb(T) =(T) = Vb(T)Vb(T) dtdt

Now plotNow plot Fb(T)Fb(T) vs.vs. Db(T)Db(T)

PEBWAP AnalysisPEBWAP AnalysisPEBWAP AnalysisPEBWAP AnalysisPile End Bearing Wave Analysis ProgramPile End Bearing Wave Analysis Program

Load = Case MethodLoad = Case Method

Displacement =Displacement = vvtoetoe dt;dt; vvtoetoe = (2*WD1= (2*WD1 RTL)/ZRTL)/Z

Helps find RHelps find Rshaftshaft, q, qtoetoe, J, Jtoetoe

Pile End Bearing Wave Analysis ProgramPile End Bearing Wave Analysis Program

Load = Case MethodLoad = Case Method

Displacement =Displacement = vvtoetoe dt;dt; vvtoetoe = (2*WD1= (2*WD1 RTL)/ZRTL)/Z

Helps find RHelps find Rshaftshaft, q, qtoetoe, J, Jtoetoe

CAPWAP Summary and

Recommendations

CAPWAP Summary and

Recommendations

Signal matching, primarily using resistance

distribution and damping quantities to obtain

static bearing capacity and load-set curve

Engineer has to carefully review result and

Signal matching, primarily using resistance

distribution and damping quantities to obtain

static bearing capacity and load-set curve

Engineer has to carefully review result and

com ne w t ot er now e ge a out so to

get reliable answers

Automatic methods are tools and cannot be used

without the discriminating review of the

CAPWAP engineer

com ne w t ot er now e ge a out so to

get reliable answers

Automatic methods are tools and cannot be used

without the discriminating review of the

CAPWAP engineer

Introducing iCAP

Signal matching program, working in background,

which allows immediate analysis during data

collection

PAX sends data of blows that meat the user

defined criteria to iCAP, without user intervention

per orms an au oma c s gna ma c

iCAP sends the results back to the PAX program

when it finishes the analysis

iCAP results are not available for every blow

PAX displays last available iCAP results, plus

currently collected data.

Introducing iCAP

Also works with the PDA-W program, for immediate

signal match capacity determination in remote mode

(SiteLink).

Can be performed during replay of previously saved

data.


11/11

Introducing iCAP

iCAP results:Numeric

Total iCAP capacity (RU)

Skin Friction (SF)

End Bearing (EB)

MQ match quality number (allows the user to evaluate

the validity of the iCAP result)

JC Case Method damping factor (allows the user to fine

tune the CASE method results for the blows that were not

analyzed during the test)

Maximum compression stress (CSC)

Maximum tension stress (TSC)

Graphic

Load-displacement curve

Force in pile versus depth

Wave-up measured versus Wave-up calculated

Introducing iCAP

iCAP limitations:

Devised primarily for driven piles of moderate

length (say less than 30 or 40 m), with known

uniform pile cross sectional properties, and setper blow between 2.5 and 10 mm

Not all situations et successful or ossible

(non-uniform piles, piles with cracks, variable

conditions)

Absolutely best match may not be achieved

Analyst will have to use engineering judgment to

decide whether iCAP will be sufficient, or whether

regular CAPWAP Analysis is needed

Quick iCAP CAPWAP

Ru 493 kips 506 kips

CSC 3.15 ksi 3.17 ksi

TSC 0.22 ksi 0.17 ksi

MQ 2.12 MQ1.48

cww-introduction-2006.pdf

Documents

Transcript of cww-introduction-2006.pdf