Current status of waste recycling for composting in Vietnam

MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT

Institute of Strategy and Policy on Natural Resources and Environment

Duong Thi Phuong Anh, Board of Environment and

Sustainable Development, ISPONRE

1. Policies related to waste recycling for

composting

2. Evaluating current status of composting

3. Recommendation

CONTENT

1. Policies related to waste recycling for

composting

2. Evaluating reality of composting

3. Recommendations

CONTENT

Policies on environment

• Resolution No 41/NQ-TW

• National Environmental Protection Strategy toward 2020 and

vision toward 2030

• National strategy on solid waste management toward 2025,

vision toward 2050

• Environmental Protection Law 2005

• Some documents under law

- Decree No 59/2007/NĐ-CP on solid waste management

- Decree No 174/2007/NĐ-CP on environment protection fee

to solid waste

Policy on Agriculture

• Decree No 113/2003/NĐ-CP dated 07/10/2003 on managing,

producing, trading compost and Decree No 191/2007/NĐ-CP

dated 31/12/2007 revising, amending some articles of Decree

No 113/2003/NĐ-CP

• Circular No 50/2009/TT-BNNPTNT dated 18/8/2009 issued

list of damageable products, goods under management of

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

• Circular No 36/2010/TT-BNNPTNT dated 24/6/2010 under

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development on issuing

regulation of manufacturing, business and compost use

Policy on technology/ compost industry

• Decree No 6868/QĐ-BCT dated 27/12/2010 by Ministry of

Industry and Trade on manufacturing provision system plan of

compost in the period of 2011-2020, possibility of 2025

- Issuing development orientation and development planning

to types of fertilizer

- Developing fertilizer production basing on making use of

domestic waste for sanitary assurance and environmental

safety.

- Not mentioning investment in types of organic fertilizer from

domestic waste

Planning on solid waste treatment

• Decision No 1440/QĐ-TTg 06/10/2008 on approval of

construction planning in solid waste zone No 3, in the north,

central and the south major economic zone toward 2020

• Decision No 1873/QĐ-TTg 11/10/2010 on approval of

construction planning in solid waste zone, in the Mekong

Delta Region major economic zone toward 2020

• Decision No 798/QĐ-TTg 25/05/2011 on approval of solid

waste treatment program toward 2011 - 2020

Compost quality standard

• Standard on fertilizer quality

- TCVN 6168:1996 for VSV fertilizer ,conciliating xenluloza

- TCVN 6166-96 for VSV fertilizer, with Nitrogen

- TCVN 6167-96 for VSV fertilizer, conciliating phosphorus

• Sector standard 10/TCN/526-2002

Nowadays, regulation on compost quality applied under circular

36/2010/TT-BNNPTNT dated 24/6/2010 on producing, trading,

and using fertilizer.

General assessment

The agreement signed by GoV, JICA and AfD in June, 2010

There is no document regulated clearly, separately on waste

recycling for compost production.

Enterprises which produce compost have not accessed

preference, encouragement in producing compost

Lack of policies on supporting, researching scientific,

technological development related to recycling and

producing compost

Planning for solid waste treatment does not have guide line

on workload, amount of solid waste need treating.

1. Policies related to waste recycling for composting

2. Evaluating reality of composting

3. Recommendation

CONTENT

• Number of factories and production capacity

41 factories:

- 28 factories are operating

- 10 ones are going to start

- 3 stopped

Compost production

44%

56%

Provinces have compost factories produced from domestic waste

Có

Chưa có

• Material for production

- Mainly from urban domestic waste

- Distance to factory: within 40 km.

Elements of domestic waste

TT Elements of waste Ratio (%)

1 Organic 30-75

2 Plastic 0,023-13,86

3 Paper 0,009-15

4 Metal 0,022-7,1

5 Glass 0,03-10

6 Others 23,7- 24,2

7 Humidity 46,2- 50,7

100

165 150

200 200

600

50 50

2

157

0

200

400

600

800

Nhà máy

sản xuất

phân bón

Cầu Diễn

Nhà máy

XL CTR

Nam Định

Nhà máy

XL CTR

Trảng Cát

Nhà máy

XL RT

Thủy

Phương

Nhà máy

XL rác

Rạch Giá

Cty CP

VietstarNhà máy

XLR SH

Đồng Xoài

Nhà máy

XLR Tân

Phú

Nhà máy

XLR ở Bạc

Liêu

Nhà máy

CB PT ĐT

Việt Trì

Ton/day Factory’s capacity

• Manufacturing technology

- In the country

- Abroad (French, Korea, America, Spain, Poland )

Input Finished

good

Aerobic with force

air provision

Fastidious

Aerobic without

force air provision

Physical

separation,

screening

Separating

metal by

magnet

Technology

45 days

72%

14%

7%

7%

Technology of composting

Hiếu khí (có cấp khí cưỡng bức)

Hiếu khí (không cấp khí cưỡng bức)

Yếm khí

Khác

• National production technology

- Strong points

• Simple, easy operation

• Low investment cost, low treatment expense

• Reducing buried waste amount

- Weak points

- Unseparated at source + manual separation product still contains

impurities.

• Workers who work in polluted environment is easy suffer from

disease.

• Quality of compost is low.

• National production technology

Technology Characteristic Development factories and application

An -Sinh ASC

technology

- Organic waste produced

to dust, compost

- Tam Sinh Nghia company

- Thuy Phuong factory (Hue)

- Cu Chi factory (Ho Chi Minh city)

- Hon Dat factory (Kien Giang)

SERAPHIN

technology

- Organic waste produced

to dust, compost

- Seraphin company

- Xuan Son factory (Soc Son, Hanoi)

- Dong Vinh factory (Nghe An)

Operated

High speed

aerobic compost

- High speed aerobic

compost

- Devecopment mechanical enterprise.

- Ha Long factory

- Waste treatment factory – Tay Ninh Environment Company

Betid technology Aerobic technology with

force air provision

- Binh Phuon company

- Dong Xoai factory, Binh Phuoc

Source: MoC

• Quality of compost

- Regulation on compost quality: Circular No 36/2010/TT-

BTNMT dated 24/6/2010, TCVN 6168:199

- Some factories pay attention for standard registration and

achieve this: Tam Sinh Nghia company, Viestar company,

Cau Dien compost factory, Nam Thanh company - “green

global”, etc.

- Complicated on procedure, so there are not many

enterprises registered.

- Some factories started analyzing compost quality termly.

• Maket

Price: VND 150.000 - 3.500.000 / ton.

150

3500

650 600

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

Nhà máy xử lý rác

thải Nam Định

Nhà máy xử lý rác

thải công nghệ sinh

học Hạ Long

Công ty Cổ phần

Vietstar

Nhà máy chế biến

phân compost Cầu

Diễn

nghìn đồng/tấn Price for compost at some factories

• Market

- Market: locality, some provinces where have industrial plants .

- Objectives for use of compost:

61.5

92.3

92.3

23.1

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Trồng rau, cây ăn quả

Trồng hoa, cây cảnh

Trồng cây công nghiệp

Mục đích khác

%

Objectives for use of compost

Opportunity for composting

• Amount of solid waste arisen

26224

42000

61600

83200

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

2010 2015 2020 2025

(tấn/ngày) Total amount of urban solid waste arisen

Source: National environment journal 2011

• Preferential policy

- Environment protection law continue concretizing waste recycling

for composting.

- Some cities have policies for waste recycling and composting: Cao

Bang, Tien Giang, Phu Yen…

- Cities are active in propagandizing, mobilizing enterprises produce

compost.

- Enterprises get favorable condition from land, fund, and tax.

Difficulties

• Mechanism, policies

- There is not separated policy law system for waste recycling including

waste recycling for composting.

- Policies on preference, support for 3R, mainly focusing on contents

which support environment protection .

- There are not regulations on source separation and technical guide for

separation

- There are not national standard on compost quality

• Investment resource

Requesting large capital but recovery period is long; borrow is still difficult

• Technology for treatment

- Application of solid waste treatment technology is not summarized,

analyzed fully

- Local city does not have experience in evaluating, produce compost

from waste.

- Current composting technology mainly applies aerobic biological

system, so this is easy to cause smell, affect to environment.

• Quality of waste for input and output

- Unseparated waste at source complicated component, uninsured

quality

- Compost still contains impurities, disease microorganism and hazardous,

meanwhile, price is higher.

• Education, awareness from people

- Content on composting from recycling under contents of

environment protection

- There are not many activities on propaganda, dissemination of

3R information to people and producers.

- awareness and compliance of environment protection law is

not high, especially in source separation.

- lack of encouragement in source separation, rewards, penalty

mechanism to individual involved environment protection

activities.

1. Policies related to waste recycling for composting

2. Evaluating reality of composting

3. Recommendation

CONTENT

Mechanism, policies

• Building circular on regulation/ guideline of source

separation

• Issuing detail and suitable standard with quality of compost

.

• There should have preferential policies for recycling in rural

areas.

• There should have policies to support to recycling model.

• Supporting investment, consulting management,

transferring technology, promoting scientific research.

For enterprises

- Advancing technology improving quality of compost

- Promoting advertising, marketing compost so that

consumers can understand its effectiveness and benefit.

- Expanding compost market.

For consumers

- Source separation

- Be aware of benefit, effectiveness of compost use.