Culture and Life

• Number of languages spoken makes it difficult to unify

• Many different religions

• Folk Art such as pottery and woodcarving

• Less urban than the rest of Europe, but as industry grows so do its cities

• Much discrimination and anti-Semitism throughout the region

• Still trying to develop democracy

Eastern Europe• Cultural Crossroads for people moving between

Europe and Asia• Ottoman Empire held this area from 1300s to

World War 1.– Many countries tried to get out from under Ottoman

rule– Balkanization refers to the process of a region

breaking up into small, mutually hostile units– A Serb assassinating an Austrian started WW1– Germany seizing Poland began WWII and after the

war Eastern Europe became a region of satellite nations (nations dominated by another country-Russia)

Traditional Economy

• Goods and services are traded without using money.

Market Economy

• Production of goods and services are determined by demand from consumers.

Command Economy

• Soviet government took control of the sources of the country’s wealth: land, farms, mines, factories, banks

• The government decided what crops farmers would grow and what price merchants could charge (command economy)

PLANNED E. vs. MARKET E.

• government interference

• state-owned companies

• central planning• government

intervention• communism

• market mechanism• market reliance• privately-owned

companies• privately-run

companies• laissez-faire

Trans-boundary Pollution

Pollution that starts in one country and crosses boundaries into other countries

What Causes Desertification?

• Overgrazing / Poor Grazing Management– Leads to compaction of

the soil.– Destroys existing plant

matter.– Does not allow the

fragile eco-system enough time to recover.

Oil companies and government officials not sharing the wealth.

• Curse of the Black Gold (Click on video clip named “Oil rich, cash poor”)

• Hot Temperature up to 122

• Located in North Africa

• Cold Temperature at nights during winter

• One of the biggest deserts in the world

• Lineages

• Govern Themselves

Berlin Conference

• Held in 1884 – hosted by Germans

• Paved the way for Africa to be divided into colonies

• The boundaries of many African countries are a legacy of the Berlin Conference

• Geometric (and not ethnographic) boundaries

APARTHEID

• A legal and geographical system of racial separation and exclusion

A New Government

Nelson Mandela casts the first vote for the new government of South Africa.

• ONE GOD

• Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

• Many Gods

• Hinduism, Buddhism

Keep Oil Prices Steady

par·ti·tion  (pär-t  sh n) n. 1.

a. The act or process of dividing something into parts.b. The state of being so divided

India and Pakistan

Do you see any rain?

Advantages (Pros)1. Flood Control. 

Chinese officials note that the dam will relieve the danger of flooding. 2. Emissions reduction 

Another advantage of the dam is to reduce emissions of sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide.

3. China is enforcing tight rules aimed at preventing construction work from causing environmental pollution, while advanced facilities are being installed to treat construction waste. By the year 2000, over 90 percent of waste water from

construction is expected to be treated. Disadvantages (Cons)

1. RelocationChinese officials estimate that the reservoir will partially or completely inundate 2 cities, 11 counties, 140 towns, 326 townships, and 1351 villages. About 23800

hectares, more than 1.1 million people will have to be resettled.2. It will threaten the river's wildlife. The dam will alter the natural environment, and

therefore, an almost infinite number of species will be affected by the project.3. The Three Gorges project will submerge some of China's most famous historical

scenery and tourist sites.4. The weight of millions of tons of water behind a dam can increase the chances of

an earthquake.5. The dam will disrupt heavy silt flows in the river. It could cause rapid silt build-up

in the reservoir, creating an imbalance upstream, and depriving agricultural land and fish downstream of essential nutrients.

Mao Zodong

Confucianism

Education

OrderRespect for Parents

Taiwan

Antarctic Treaty of 1959

Bikini Atoll