Cultivo de gigartina

7/26/2019 Cultivo de gigartina

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CULTURE OF GIGARTINA SKOTTSBERGII(RHODOPHYTA) IN SOUTHERN CHILE. A PILOT

SCALE APPROACH

Hctor Romo1, Marcela vila2, Mario Nez2, Rodrigo

Prez1

& Gsica Aroca2

.1Departamento de Oceanografa, Universidad de Concepcin,Casilla 160-C, Concepcin, Chile.2Divisin de Investigacin Acucola, Instituto de FomentoPesquero, Balmaceda 252, Puerto Montt, Chile.

E-mail: [email protected]

Extractos Naturales Gelymar S.A.

NeogelDanisco ChileFMC Corporation

Algina

Project FONDEF D 00/ I 1109


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20 S

40 S

W

W

AncudHueihue

Calbuco

Pa

cificOcean

Chilo

South America

Figure 1. Study sites.

Chile

Humbolt

Current

Cape Horn Current

W.W. Drif t

Upw

elling


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(A) FLOATING SYSTEMa1 = buoys

a2 = concrete block

a3 = ropes with fronds

a4 = Ropes with shells

a5 = sinker

a6 = four ropes withfronds.

(B) BOTTOM SYSTEMb1 = plastic bot tle

b2 = concrete block

b3 = net

b4 = ropes with frondsb5 = Ropes with shells

Figure 2. Floating and bottom system used for Gigartina culture.


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Selection of mature frondsDesiccation of f ronds

for 15 at 12-17C

Re- Immersion in filteredseawater ( 500 g seaweed /

20 l FSW )

Filtered spore solution

with plankton netSeeded substrata with sporesolution in fiberglass tanks

Development of young thallion shells (10-15C &nutrients), during 8 weeks.

HATCHERY TECHNOLOGY

Figure 3. Hatchery stages of Gigartina culture


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GROWTH IN THE SEA

Growth to 3 cmdiameter

Removingfrom shell

Growth of frondsattached to ropes

Harvest (2,5

years aprox.)

Figura 4. Culture of Gigartina from juvenile to adult plants.

Juvenile on shell


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Figure 5. Growth and management sequence of plants from young frondson shells to adult thalli.

A B C

FOULING ANDEPIPHYTES

CONTROL

GROWTH & MANAGEMENT

Tie-cables


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Width(m

m)

0

2

4

6

8

10

Ap Ma Ju Ju Au Se Oc No De

Suspended Bottom

Figure 6. Growth of Gigartina germlings in two ways of culture.


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Figure 7. Growth of fragments and whole plants culturedat 6 m depth in the floating system.

Wetweight(g)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

August September October November

Fragment Whole plant


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dhgdfgdhfgd

Frond

diameter(mm

)

0

24

6

8

10

1214

16

O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J2001 2002 2003

Greenhouse Sea culture

A

DSHGDFH

Frond

diameter(cm)

0

1020

30

40

50

60

70

F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A

2003 2004

B

Figure 8. A. Growth of

Gigartina germlings onhells of scallops. BGrowth of youngthalli attached toropes until reachthe adult size.


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We = 24,981e0,0351He

R2= 0,7416

0200

400

600

8001000

0 50 100

Frond w idth (cm )

We

tweight(g)

We = 0,0239Wi2,0807

R2= 0,8667

0

2

4

6

810

12

0 5 10 15 20

Wetweight(g) A

B

Width (cm)

Width (cm)

Figure 9. Width and wet weightrelationship in young(A) and adult G.skottsbergii thalli (B)

W

etweight(g)

Wetweight(g

)


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M.M.

BB

00

AA

BB

DD

PP

Days

DGR

(%)

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

13th 43th 57th 71th

Marginal Basal Whole plants

B

Figure 10A. Growth assessmentof two zones in thefrond (marginal (M)& basal (B)), bymean of holedisplacementwith respect to basal

point (0).

Figure 10B. Daily growth rate (%)of basal and marginalzones respect to wholeplant.

A


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1 m

When reach 15 cm diameter(approximately 10 g of wet weight),frond was attached to suspendedculture in Hueihue.

In October 2003 was harvestedhaving a size of 1,5 m of width and

600 g of wet weight.

Four years old

Spore seeded in winter 1999.

Pre-growth on small concrete blockon the bottom of Calbuco Channel

(December 1999 June 2002).


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Conclusions

It is technically feasible to farm G. skottsbergii,combining methods for growing young wild fronds whilespore based farm complete its growth until harvest.

Use of young wild thalli permit to obtain an added growthafter three or four months of farming.

Shells of mollusks resulted suitable substrata for seeding

G. skottsbergii and its first growth stages in the sea. Thickness of G. skottsbergii permits an adequate

handing and attachment to ropes from very young

stages. Special care must be done, cleaning floating system,

shells and vertical ropes in order to enhance the growthand avoid competence with fouling.


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Conclusions

Suspended system resulted more appropriate than

bottom one for farming.

Growth rate is similar in fragments and whole fronds, so

fragmentation procedures permits better handing for

create more suitable conditions for growing and avoid

detachment of large thalli.

Complete growth cycle starting from spores spend two

months in nursery, 11-12 months until reach 1 cm wide

and other 11-12 months for harvest.

More efforts to propagate this species and improve

cultivation must be done because natural populations

recuperation is slow.


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:

FONDEF

Extractos Naturales Gelymar S.A.

Danisco Chile

Neogel

FMC Corporation

Algina

END

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