Cuban Missile Cuban Missile CrisisCrisis

April 1stApril 1st Do Now: Your FINAL ‘What’s My Do Now: Your FINAL ‘What’s My

Plan’ Wednesday.Plan’ Wednesday.

This time you will pick 1 passage This time you will pick 1 passage and we will give you 11 minutes on and we will give you 11 minutes on it. If you do all 4 passages, stop at it. If you do all 4 passages, stop at 8m. If you do 3, use all 11 minutes.8m. If you do 3, use all 11 minutes.

Kennedy’s Inaugural Kennedy’s Inaugural AddressAddress

Read the article on Kennedy’s Read the article on Kennedy’s Inaugural Address in partners and Inaugural Address in partners and MAP it.MAP it.

M- Main ideaM- Main idea A- AudienceA- Audience P- Purpose of Article P- Purpose of Article

CH 20 Section 1CH 20 Section 1 Read about the Kennedy Read about the Kennedy

Administration and fill out the Administration and fill out the guided worksheet.guided worksheet.

The Cuban Missile CrisisThe Cuban Missile Crisis

What was the background What was the background to the events in Cuba?to the events in Cuba?

Cuba, small island, 160 Cuba, small island, 160 km from coast of km from coast of FloridaFlorida

US ally, US businesses US ally, US businesses & US military base & US military base (Guantanamo)(Guantanamo)

1959, Fidel Castro 1959, Fidel Castro overthrows Battista overthrows Battista (US-backed dictator), (US-backed dictator), establishing establishing CommunistCommunist government.government.

Why was Cuba so important to the

Americans?

How successful were early How successful were early attempts at ‘containment’?attempts at ‘containment’?

Castro takes over US Castro takes over US businessesbusinesses

January 1961, US breaks off January 1961, US breaks off diplomatic relationsdiplomatic relations

April, 1961, Bay of Pigs – April, 1961, Bay of Pigs – 1,400 anti-Cuban exiles 1,400 anti-Cuban exiles attempted to overthrow attempted to overthrow CastroCastro

Autumn 1962, Cuba has Autumn 1962, Cuba has received 1000s of USSR received 1000s of USSR missiles, jets, boats & missiles, jets, boats & personnelpersonnel

The US committed $100 million to overthrowing Castro, the

CIA tried to sabotage the economy, they even planned to send him an exploding cigar!

Why did they go to such lengths after April 1961?

Why was the USSR Why was the USSR interested in helping Cuba?interested in helping Cuba?

Cuba was a new Communist stateCuba was a new Communist state Cuba provided a launch base for USSR inter-Cuba provided a launch base for USSR inter-

continental missiles (ICMs)continental missiles (ICMs) Khrushchev wanted to test strength of new US Khrushchev wanted to test strength of new US

president, JFKpresident, JFK Khrushchev wanted to force JFK into bargaining over Khrushchev wanted to force JFK into bargaining over

US missile in EuropeUS missile in Europe

Why does this cartoonist think that Khrushchev was interested in

Cuba?

What happened during the What happened during the October Crisis?October Crisis?

14 October 1962, US U2 spy plane takes photos 14 October 1962, US U2 spy plane takes photos of suspected USSR missile sites on Cubaof suspected USSR missile sites on Cuba

Sites nearing completion, experts believe they Sites nearing completion, experts believe they could be ready in 7 dayscould be ready in 7 days

US spy planes identify 20 Soviet ships bound US spy planes identify 20 Soviet ships bound for Cuba carrying missilesfor Cuba carrying missiles

Why have some modern

historians questioned

the accuracy of these spy

plane pictures?

Castro’s RoleCastro’s Role No real role in decision No real role in decision

makingmaking Apparently out of touch Apparently out of touch

with the situationwith the situation Oct. 26: “Aggression Oct. 26: “Aggression

imminent/imperialists imminent/imperialists disregarding world disregarding world opinion”—Clearly not the opinion”—Clearly not the casecase

Khrushchev plays along to Khrushchev plays along to some extent but it is clear some extent but it is clear he disagrees with him he disagrees with him (“your suggestion would (“your suggestion would have started a have started a thermonuclear world thermonuclear world war”)war”)

What happened during the What happened during the October Crisis?October Crisis?

20 October, Kennedy 20 October, Kennedy decides to blockade Cubadecides to blockade Cuba

22 October, Kennedy 22 October, Kennedy publicly calls on publicly calls on Khrushchev to remove Khrushchev to remove weaponsweapons

23 October Khrushchev 23 October Khrushchev refuses to acknowledge refuses to acknowledge blockade or presence of blockade or presence of Soviet missiles on CubaSoviet missiles on Cuba

24 October, 124 October, 1stst Soviet ships Soviet ships (accompanied by (accompanied by submarine) approach 800 submarine) approach 800 km exclusion zonekm exclusion zone

What happened during the What happened during the October Crisis?October Crisis?

24 October, 10:32 am, Soviet ships stop and 24 October, 10:32 am, Soviet ships stop and turn roundturn round

25 October, aerial photos show continued 25 October, aerial photos show continued construction of missile sitesconstruction of missile sites

26 October, Kennedy receives another letter 26 October, Kennedy receives another letter offering to negotiate over missiles in Cuba with offering to negotiate over missiles in Cuba with removal of blockade and US invasion threatremoval of blockade and US invasion threat

27 October, Kennedy receives second letter 27 October, Kennedy receives second letter calling for withdrawal of US missiles in Turkey calling for withdrawal of US missiles in Turkey tootoo

The American DecisionThe American Decision

In September Kennedy had In September Kennedy had stated and Congress had passed stated and Congress had passed a resolution saying that if the a resolution saying that if the Soviet Union placed offensive Soviet Union placed offensive weapons in Cuba we would not weapons in Cuba we would not tolerate it.tolerate it. Could we then rely solely on Could we then rely solely on

diplomacy? Kennedys thought diplomacy? Kennedys thought John could be “impeached” if he John could be “impeached” if he didn’t act in accordance with his didn’t act in accordance with his prior warningsprior warnings

Determined in first 48 hours of Determined in first 48 hours of crisis that the removal of missiles crisis that the removal of missiles was the primary objectivewas the primary objective This objective effectively ruled This objective effectively ruled

out isolated diplomacy, and left out isolated diplomacy, and left two options…two options…

What happened during the What happened during the October Crisis?October Crisis?

27 October, US U2 27 October, US U2 plane shot down over plane shot down over Cuba & pilot Cuba & pilot killed.Kennedy decides killed.Kennedy decides to ignore second to ignore second letter, but accepts letter, but accepts terms of 1terms of 1stst letter letter

28 October, 28 October, Khrushchev agrees to Khrushchev agrees to dismantle Soviet dismantle Soviet missiles in Cubamissiles in Cuba

What is this cartoonist trying to say about the difficulties facing

Kennedy during the Crisis?

What was the outcome of What was the outcome of the crisis?the crisis?

Cuba remained Communist & heavily Cuba remained Communist & heavily armed (without nuclear missiles)armed (without nuclear missiles)

Both leaders didn’t lose face and came Both leaders didn’t lose face and came away with concessionsaway with concessions

Helped renew the thaw – world saw the Helped renew the thaw – world saw the futility of MADfutility of MAD

Permanent hotline between White House & Permanent hotline between White House & Kremlin set upKremlin set up

Supported theory of containment & co-Supported theory of containment & co-existence because alternatives existence because alternatives unimaginableunimaginable

KennedysKennedys Dynasties: The Kennedy's