CTEP - UNIT-V - CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENTS PPT

FACTORS AFFECTING SELECTION OF CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT

CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENTSBYK.R.SHANKAR M.E.,ASSISTANT PROFESSORDEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERINGEBET GROUP OF INSTITUTIONSTRIPPUR DISTRICTTAMUL NADU, INDIA 638108Email ID [email protected] Equipments1

127/09/2016CTEP - UNIT - VEBETi

CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENTSEARTH MOVING EQUIPMENTHAULING EQUIPMENTHOISTING EQUIPMENTCONVEYING EQUIPMENTAGGREGATE AND CONCRETE PRODUCTION EQUIPMENTPILE DRIVING EQUIPMENTTUNNELING AND ROCK DRILLING EQUIPMENTPUMPING AND DEWATERING EQUIPMENTDREDGING EQUIPMENT

Construction Equipments2

FACTORS AFFECTING SELECTION OF CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENTUSE OF EQUIPMENT AVAILABLE WITH THE ORGANIZATIONSUITABILITY FOR JOB CONDITION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CLIMATIC AND OPERATING CONDITIONSUNIFORMITY OF TYPESIZE OF EQUIPMENTUSE OF STANDARD EQUIPMENTCOUNTRY OF ORIGINUNIT COST OF PRODUCTIONAVAILABILITY OF SPARE PARTS AND SELECTION OF MANUFACTURERS SUITABILITY OF LOCAL LABOUR FOR OPERATION

EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENTS:The equipment which perform excavation, digging of large quantities of earth , moving them to distances , placement , compacting, leveling, dozing, grading, hauling etc., are called earth moving equipment. CLASSIFICATION:EXCAVATING EQUIPMENTEXCAVATING AND EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT Construction Equipments4

FACTORS AFFECTING SELECTION OF EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENTVOLUME OF MATERIAL TO BE REMOVEDHEIGHT OF THE EXCAVATIONDISPOSAL OF THE EXCAVATED MATERIALDISTANCE OF EXCAVATION SITE TO HAULING UNITSMATERIAL TO BE REMOVED FROM SITETYPE OF SOIL TO BE EXCAVATEDDUARATION OF PROJECT (FOR EXCAVATION)

Types of EARTH EXCAVATION EQUIPMENTSPOWER SHOVELBACK HOEDRAG LINECLAM SHELL


POWER SHOVELLONG-LASTING.EXCAVATE ALL TYPES OF EARTH EXCEPT HARD ROCKTYPES:WHEEL MOUNTED (HIGH SPEED - FIRM GROUND)CRAWLER MOUNTED (LOW SPEED - UNSTABLE SOIL)BASIC PARTS:* TRACK SYSTEM* CABIN* CABLES* RACK & STICK* BOOM FOOT PIN* SADDLE BLOCK* BOOM POINT SHEAVE* BUCKET ( Size = .375 m3 to 5 m3)Construction Equipments7

OPERATION:CABLE CONTROLLED & IT MAKES OUTWARD STROKES WHILE DIGGING.APPLICATIONS:CLOSE RANGE OF WORK.VERY HARD MATERIALS, BIG SIZED BOULDERS.DIGGING IN GRAVEL BANKS, CLAY PITS, CUTS IN ROAD WORKS, ROAD SIDE BERMS Etc.,FACTORS CONTROLLING OUTPUT:* CLASS OF MATERIAL* DEPTH OF CUTTING* ANGLE OF SWING* SKILL OF OPERATOR* SIZE OF HAULING UNITS* JOB CONDITION

POWER SHOVELConstruction Equipments8

POWER SHOVEL


POWER SHOVEL


POWER SHOVEL


BACK HOEALSO TERMED AS HOE, BACK SHOVEL AND PULL SHOVEL.USED TO EXCAVATE BELOW THE SURFACE OF EQUIPMENT - IT CAVES INTO THE GROUND.BASIC PARTS:* BOOM* JACK BOOM* BOOM FOOT DRUM* BOOM SHEAVE* STICK, BUCKET* BUCKET SHEAVEOPERATION:SIMILAR TO SHOVEL EXCEPT IT MAKES INWARD STROKES WHILE DIGGING.APPLICATION:DIGGING BELOW MACHINE LEVEL LIKE TRENCHES, FOOTINGS, BASEMENTS.TO TRIM THE SURFACE (DRESSING).


BACK HOE


BACK HOE


BACK HOE


DRAG LINEThe drag line is so name because of its prominent operation of dragging the bucket against the material to be dug.Unlike the shovel, it has a long light crane boom and the bucket is loosely attached to the boom through cables.Because of this construction, a dragline can dig and dump over larger distances than a shovel can do.Drag lines are useful for digging below its track level and handling softer materials.Construction Equipments16

DRAG LINEBASIC PARTS:* BOOM* HOIST CABLE * DRAG CABLE * HOIST CHAIN * DRAG CHAIN * BUCKETAPPLICATIONS:Dragging softer material and below its track levelIt is very useful for excavating trenches when the sides are permitted to establish their angle of repose without shoring.It has long reaches.Excavation for canals and depositing on the embankment without hauling units.Construction Equipments17

FACTORS CONTROLLING OUTPUT:TYPE OF MATERIALDEPTH OF CUTTINGSIZE AND TYPE OF BUCKETSSKILL OF OPERATORSIZE OF HAULING UNITS & METHODANGLE OF SWINGLENGTH OF CRANE BOOMJOB CONDITION

DRAG LINEConstruction Equipments18


DRAG LINE


DRAG LINE


CLAM SHELLThis is so named due to resemblance of its bucket to a clam which is like a shell-fish with hinged double shell.The front end is essentially a crane boom with a specially designed bucket loosely attached at the end through cables as in a drag line.The capacity of a clam shell bucket is usually given in cubic meters.The basic parts of clam shell bucket are the closing line, hoist line, sheaves, brackets, tagline, shell and hinge.Construction Equipments22

Application:Used for handling loose material such as crushed stone, sand, gravel, coal etc.Main feature is vertical lifting of material from one location to another.Mainly used for removing material from coffer dam, sewer main holes, well foundations etc.CLAM SHELLConstruction Equipments23

CLAM SHELL


CLAM SHELL


CLAM SHELL


COMPARISON BETWEEN DIFFERENT TYPES OF EQUIPMENTS.No.Items of comparisonPower shovelBack hoeDrag lineClam shell1

Excavation in hard soil or rockGood Good Not good Poor2Excavation in wet soil or mudPoor Poor Moderately goodModerately good3Distance between footing and diggingSmallSmallLongLong4Loading efficiencyVery goodGoodModerately goodPrecise but slow5Footing required Close to workClose to pitFairly away from pitFairly away from pit6Digging levelDigs at or above footing levelDigs below footing levelDigs below footing levelDigs at or below footing level

7Cycle timeShortShortly more than power shovelMore than power shovelMore than the other equipment


TYPES OF EXCAVATING AND EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENTMOTOR GRADERSSCRAPERSBULL DOZERSTRACTORS


MOTOR GRADERSTHEY MAY BE EITHER TOWED OR MOTORISED.USUALLY SELF PROPULSIVE.CONSTRUCTION:FRONT OF THE GRADER FRAME IS SUPPORTED ON A PAIR OF FRONT WHEELS & REAR ON TANDEM WHEELS.CURVED BLADE IS SUPPORTED ON THE CIRCLE AND BE TURNED THROUGH 360 DEGREE.BLADE HAS REPLACEBLE EDGES.CUTTING DEPTH - 2-4CMS.


SPEED: LIGHT DUTY- 6-10 KM/HR.HEAVY DUTY- 2-3 KM/HR.NORMAL DUTY- 4-6 KM/HR.USES:* GRAVEL ROAD REPAIRING * ROAD SHOULDER RESHAPING* BANK CUTTING * DITCH FILLING* BASE COURSE SPREADING * MATERIAL MIXING* SNOW, LAND CLEARANCE * FROZEN TOP SOIL, ASPHALT BREAKING

MOTOR GRADERSConstruction Equipments30

MOTOR GRADERS


MOTOR GRADERS


SCRAPERSCOMPROMISE BETWEEN BEST LOADING AND BEST HAULING MACHINESUNIQUE FOR LONG DISTANCE HAULING IT ITSELF DIGS, HAULS, DEPOSIT THE MATERIALS IN UNIFORM THICK LAYERSTYPES:CRAWLER TRACTOR PULLEDWHEEL TRACTOR PULLEDBASIC PARTS:BOWL, APRON, EJECTOR (TAIL GATE).


CAPACITY:HEAPED CAPACITY OF THE BOWL.OPERATION:WHILE DIGGING CUTTING EDGE ENTERS THE GROUND BY LOWERING THE BOWL, THE FRONT APRON IS RAISED EDGE IS RAISED, APRON IS LOWED WHILE HAULING.WHILE DUMPING EJECTOR IS USED.

SCRAPERSConstruction Equipments34

SCRAPERS


SCRAPERS


SCRAPERS


SCRAPERS


BULL DOZERSVERSATILE EQUIPMENT- ESSENTIALLY A HEAVY STEEL BLADE MOUNTED ON THE FRONT OF TRACTOR.CLASSIFICATION BASED ON:POSITION OF BLADES - PERPENDICULAR BLADES - BLADES AT AN ANGLEMOUNTING- WHEEL MOUNTED- CRAWLER MOUNTEDCONTROL- CABLE CONTROL- HYDRAULIC CONTROLConstruction Equipments39

CONSTRUCTION:CONSIST OF HEAVY BLADE WITH CONCAVE PROFILE.BLADE IS ATTACHED TO THE BODY WITH TWO ARMS, A SUPPORTING FRAME & HELD BY TWO PUSH ARMS APPLICATION:SPREADING EARTH FILLCLEARING, OPENING UP PILOT ROADSBACK FILLING TRENCHESCLEARING CONSTRUCTION SITESBULL DOZERSConstruction Equipments40

BULL DOZERSConstruction Equipments41



TYPES OF BULL DOZERS BLADEConstruction Equipments44

TYPES OF BULL DOZERS BLADE


TRACTORSMULTI PURPOSE MACHINES MAINLY USED FOR PULLING AND PUSHING OTHER MACHINES FOR AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES.TYPES:WHEEL TYPE (

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