Cse Assignment

7/29/2019 Cse Assignment

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Assignment : Object Oriented

Programming using C++

Name:Ashish Baheti

Reg. no:11007494

Section:E3R33

Course Code:CSE 202T

Submitted to: Saloni

Madam


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Que 1.

Program is as follows:-

#include

#include

#include

struct student

{int stu_id;

char stu_name[21];


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char stu_address[51];

int stu_section;

long int contact_no;

int total_marks;

};

int main()

{

int i,N;

coutN;

struct student st[N];

cout


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{

coutst[i].stu_section;

cin>>st[i].contact_no;

cin>>st[i].total_marks;

cout


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cout


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cout


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{

private:

char acc_holder[21];

long int acc_no;

char acc_type[11];

long int acc_balance;

public:

account(char name[21],long int accno,char

acctype[11],long int balance){

acc_holder=name;

acc_no=accno;

acc_type=acctype;

acc_balance=balance;


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}

void balance(account a1)

{

cout


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coutamt;

a3.acc_balance=a3.acc_balance-amt;cout


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{

cout


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char c;

class account

acc1(ashish,11007494,saving,1000);

cout


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elseif(c==2)

{

acc1.deposit(acc1);

}

elseif(c==3)

{

acc1.withdrawl(acc1);

}

elseif(c==4)

{

acc1.detail(acc1);

}else

{


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cout


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should have a function header and a

function body. An important difference

between a member function and a normal

function is that a member function

incorporates a membership identity label

in the header. This label tells the compiler

which class the function belongs to. Thegeneral form of a function definition is:

return-type class-name :: function-name

(argument-declaration)

{

Function-body

}

The membership label class-name :: tells

the compiler that the function function-

name belongs to the class class-name. That


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is, the scope of the function is restricted to

the class-name specified in the header line.

The symbol :: is called the scope resolution

operator.

The member functions have some special

characteristics that are often used in the

program development. These

characteristics are:

1. Several different classes can use thesame function name. The membership

label will resolve their scope.

2. Member functions can access theprivate data of the class. A non-

member function cannot do so.

(However an exception to this rule is a

friend function.)


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3. A member function can call anothermember function directly, without

using the dot operator.

Inside the class definition

Another method of defining a

member function is to replace the function

declaration by the actual function definition

inside the class. For example, we could

define the item class as follows:

Class item{

Int number;

Float cost;

Public:


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Void getdata (int a, float b);

// declaration

// Inline function

Void putdata (void)

//definition inside the class

{

Cout


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a function that is expanded in line when it is

invoked. That is, the compiler replaces the

function call with the corresponding

function code. Usually, the functions are

made inline when they are small enough to

be defined in one or two lines. Example:

Inline double cube (double a)

{ return (a*a*a); }

The inline keyword merely sends a

request, not a command, to the compiler.The compiler may ignore this request if the

function definition is too long or to

complicated and compile the function as a

normal function.

Some of the situations where inline

expansions may not work are:


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1. For functions returning values, if aloop, a switch, or a goto exists.

2. For functions not returning values, if areturn statement exists.

3. If functions contain static variables.4. If inline functions are recursive.

Here is a program to calculate factorial

of a no. using friend function and inline

function with classes.

#include

#include

Class fact

{

Int n,b;

Public:


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Fact (int x)

{

n=x;

b=1;

}

Friend void fac (fact);

};

Void fac (fact s)

{

For (int i=1; i


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}

Void main ()

{

Clrscr();

Int a;

Cout > a;

Class fact d(a);

fac (d);

getch();

}

Que 4.The statement

C2=5.0+C1;


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Will not work. This is because the left-

hand operand which is responsible for

invoking the member function should be an

object of the same class. However friend

function allows both approaches because

an object need not be used to invoke a

friend function but can be passed as anargument. Thus we can use a friend

function with a built-in type data as the left-

hand operand and an object as an right-

hand operand.

Que 5.

(a). It will not be allowed by the

compiler to create a class which has

constructors defined under the private

label. The compiler will not execute the

program containing that class. The compiler


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will report that in the main function the

declaration of the object is not possible

because the constructor which is created

for the initialization of the object is under

the private label.

(b). if somehow, the compiler allows

creating private constructors, I will not be

able to create an instance of this class and

use its instance member function in one

way or another.

Que 6.

Consider a situation where all the

three kinds of inheritance, namely,

multilevel, multiple and hierarchical

inheritance , are involved. This is illustrated

in the following example. The child has

two direct base classes parent 1 and


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parent 2 which themselves have a

common base class grandparent. The

child inherits the traits of grandparent via

two separate paths. It can also inherit

directly as shown by the broken line. The

grandparent is sometimes referred to as

indirect base class.

Inheritance by the child as shown in

the figure might pose some problems. All

the public and protected members of

grandparent are inherited into child


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twice, first via parent 1 and again via

parent 2. This means, child would have

duplicate sets of the members inherited

from grandparent. This introduces

ambiguity and should be avoided.

The duplication of inherited members

due to these multiple paths can be avoided

by making the common base class (ancestor

class) as virtual base class while direct or

intermediate base classes as shown below.

Class a //grandparent

{

};


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Class B1 : virtual public A //parent 1

{

.

.

};

Class B2 : public virtual A //parent 2

{

.

.

};

Class C : public B1, Public B2 //child

{. // only one copy of A

. // will be inherited


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};

When a class is made avirtual

base class, C++ takes necessary care to see

that only one copy of that class is inherited,

regardless of how many inheritance paths

exist between the virtual base class and a

derived class.

A program to implement the concept of

virtual base class is illustrated in the

following example.

#include

#include

Class student

{

Protected :


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Int roll_number;

Public :

Void get_number ( int a )

{

roll_number = a;

}

Void put_number ( void )

{

Cout


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Protected :

Float part1, part2;

Public :

Void get_marks ( float x, float y)

{

Part1 = x;

Part2 = y;

}

Void put_marks ( void )

{

Cout


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};

Class sports : public virtual student

{

Protected :

Float score;

Public:

Void get_score ( float s )

{

Score = s;

}

Void put_score ( void )

{Cout


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};

Class result :public test, public sports

{

Float total;

Public :

Void display ( void );

};

Void result :: display ( void )

{

Total = part1 + part2 + score;

Put_number();

Put_marks();Put_score();

Cout


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}

Int main()

{

Result student_1;

Student_1.get_number ( 678 );

Student_1.get_marks ( 30.5, 25.5 );

Student_1.get_score ( 7.0 );

Student_1.display ();

getch();

Return 0;

}

The output of the above program wouldbe :

Roll No : 678


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Marks obtained :

Part1 = 30.5

Part2 = 25.5

Sport wt : 7

Total score : 63

END OF THE ASSIGNMENT

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