CS48:Dealing with Severe Drought in Southwest Republic of China by Tun Lin

8/3/2019 CS48:Dealing with Severe Drought in Southwest Republic of China by Tun Lin

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Dealing w ith Severe DroughtDealing w ith Severe Droughtn ou wes eop e sn ou wes eop e s

Tun Lin/ EAAE

The material and pictures in the presentation are provided by and/ or discussed with:Songcai You, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science;

Jiatuan Zhang, State Flood Control and Drought Relief Office; Kunham boo Kannan ,os a o ayas , aoz ou ou an oy u azo - onza ez rom



Drought Area and ImpactsDrought Area and Impacts

Causes of DroughtCauses of Drought

Lessons LearntLessons Learnt

Relief WorkRelief Work



As of 18 March 2010,60 million people areaffected by drought,

Sichuan

suffered fromshortage of drinkingwater supply, and 90million mu of

Chongqing

Hunan

ou m on peop e a ec e anou m on peop e a ec e an2 million short of drinking water.2 million short of drinking water.

cu t vate an s t

by drought. Theseamount to a directloss of 23 billion RMB

Guizhou

Over 17 million people affected andOver 17 million people affected and.

Extremely severe

Drought Legend

. m on s or o r n ng wa er.. m on s or o r n ng wa er.

GuangxiYunnanModerate

Severe

•• Over 8 million eo le affected and 7Over 8 million eo le affected and 7

Light

million people short of food.million people short of food.•• 87% of agricultural crop area and87% of agricultural crop area and

80% of economic tree crops affected.80% of economic tree crops affected.

affected and 2 millionaffected and 2 millionshort of drinking water.short of drinking water. In extreme situation, one

of possible options is to

the drought hit areas

(March 31. News fromState Council, PRC)



Impacts of Drou htImpacts of Drou ht

.

March, 2009

March, 2010

Qing ha i Lake, Xiangy un Coun t y , Yunnan

Hongh e Rive r , Yun nan




.

From October 2009,the total precipitationin Yanshan County,Yunnan, was just26.2 mm, or 90%

same period of theprevious year. In thepicture, local farmersare wa ng or ewater deliveries.




.

Sapiwu village, Huaxian County, Yunnan P rovince (Pho t o by H ao t i an )




.




.

,,Pengzhou, SichuanPengzhou, Sichuan

Taking water from a 10-meter deep cave

,County, Yunnan Province

March 22, 2010.



Impacts of Drou htImpacts of Drou ht3. Im acts on A riculture3. Im acts on A riculture

GuangxiGuangxi 4.86 million4.86 millionlivestock arelivestock areaffected byaffected by

GuizhouGuizhou As of 20 MarchAs of 20 March

SichuanSichuanA crop area of A crop area of overover 10 million10 millionmumu is affected.is affected.

shortage; overshortage; over87% of planted87% of plantedcrops is affected;crops is affected;

total area hit bytotal area hit by

As of 10 MarchAs of 10 March2010,2010, 2 million2 millionlivestocklivestock areareaffected baffected b

,, ..millionmillion mumucultivated area,cultivated area,0.78 million0.78 million mumuis affected byis affected by

aroundaround 3030millionmillion mumu;;estimated cropestimated cropyield will beyield will bereduced byreduced by 50%50%;;

drinking waterdrinking watershortage;shortage; 60%60%of plantedof plantedcrops and ancrops and an

drought.drought. s ery ans ery anforestry affectedforestry affectedtoo, with totaltoo, with totalloss estimated atloss estimated atoverover 18 million18 million

area oarea omillionmillion mumu areare

hit by drought.hit by drought.

..




Niujiehe Reservoir,Niujiehe Reservoir,

..

u ong owns p,u ong owns p,

Luoping County,Luoping County,

Yunnan Province Yunnan Province

The over 0.4The over 0.4

plantation in thisplantation in thiscounty is almostcounty is almostcom letelcom leteldestroyed.destroyed.



Impacts of DroughtImpacts of Drought

3. Impacts on Agriculture3. Impacts on Agriculture

Panzhihua,Panzhihua, SichuanSichuan a y e ,a y e , unnanunnan

Deyang,Deyang, SichuanSichuan

Wheat Field,Wheat Field, YunnanYunnan



Impacts of Drou htImpacts of Drou ht4. Im acts on Global Food Prices4. Im acts on Global Food Prices

Food price increase

ce pro uc on n e nam, e2nd largest rice-producing countryin the world, is expected to bereduced by 1/ 3. Global foodprices may consequently increase(Anbound consu l t i ng ,2010 ).

IMF warnin : Given that Thailand

and Vietnam has a combinedshare of 40% of global rice trade,the reduction of rice yields in

may spur a sharp increase in

global food prices.



Impacts of DroughtImpacts of Drought

ProductionProductionLossLoss4. Impacts on Industry4. Impacts on Industry

Water ShortageWater Shortage Southwest is thecountr ’s main water

Power ShortagePower Shortage

SMEs suffer the most power generationregion. 90% of waterpower stations in

Guangxi halted.

Getting water for factory Yunnan

Asbestos tile production Yunnan




Horticulture:

Yunnan supplies 80% of PRC’s

cut flower production. However,with 80% of flower plantation inYunnan adversely affected byroug , o e ou pu an

quality of flowers have beenreduced.




High insectHigh insectProductionroduction

..

r sr s

Lossoss

,drought hastriggered anoutbreak of pine moth.

unnan covers47.3153 million mu of forests, of which,23.3676 million mu is

Droughtgenerates anincrease

a ec e y roug ;the resulting economicloss is around 6 billionRMB Yuan.

forest fire.

Damage on forestDamage on forest



Impacts of Drou htImpacts of Drou ht ..

Dead trees, Yunnan

Dadukou District, ChongqingMarch 21, 2010



Impacts of Drou htImpacts of Drou ht ..

（L）Kaiyang County, Guizhou

（M）Nahui River, the upper reach of Pearl R iver watershed, Guizhou（R）Kaiyang County, Guizhou




2010010 033 211

HuangguoshuHuangguoshu

2010010-033-211

2010010-033-244010010 033 244

2010010-033-266




Dadieshui Waterfall, Shilin County, Yunnan

Today, amount of waterdischarge from thewaterfall is just around

o s norma eve .

Before drought




Concerns of countries in the lower reaches of ..

the Mekong River About 23.5% of the Mekong River watershed area is within the PRC boundary, taking up 13.5% of the river discharge. The secretary general of the Mekong River Management Committee: the level of water discharge power



Causes of Drou htCauses of Drou ht

effect (Wang

Jinsong, Lanzhou Meteorological

plateau andrelatively warmer

winter causes, drought in Sichuan

(Ma Zhengfeng, Sichuan Climate Center)

g emperature,

less precipitation

Human-induced activities,Red soil and Limestone,,

of Eucalyptus and rubber tree

which absorb under-ground water

wea wa er- o ng

capacity



Relief Work Relief Work Communit Mobilized or drinkin waterCommunit Mobilized or drinkin water

Panxian county, Guzhou, 100,000

Drinking water delivered byfire trucks.

urban migration workers returnhome to combat drought



Relief Work Relief Work Communit mobilized for irri ation mana ementCommunit mobilized for irri ation mana ement

Yulong County, Yunnan



Relief Work Relief Work Civil society donates water.

Premier Jiabao Wen visited drought-hit re ion in Yunnan.

Military carries the water to affected area.



Relief Work Relief Work



Lessons Learnt: OverviewLessons Learnt: Overview

Asia experienced 25% of the world total droughts from 1900 to2010.

Droughts killed about 12 million people and affected 2 billionpeople in Asia, accounting for 83% and 81% respectively of the world total.

On average, each drought killed more than 67,000 people inAsia, as compared to about 32 thousand in Europe, about 3thousand in Africa, 35 people in Oceania, and less than oneperson in Americas.

In terms of economic losses, on average, each drought costAsia about ten times higher than in Africa.

Among the Asian countries, India, PRC, and Bangladesh are thethree most drought-affected countries. These three countries

accounted for over 98% of drought-killed population in Asia.



Lessons Learnt: OverviewLessons Learnt: Overview

The country is hit by major drought once every two years from206 BC to 1949.

..

,took 13 million lives.

From 1950 to 2008, 18 extreme droughts hit the PRC.

annually because of droughts, equivalent to 7% of annualproduction or 33 billion RMB in economic terms. Annualindustrial loss is over 230 billion RMB.23 million ruralpopu a on ave cu y n access ng wa er, w e m ons ourban citizens are also affected.

Since 1990, direct economic loss from drought accounts for.

drought years.



Extreme Drought (2000)

64% of Land 19% of Water

Per capita water usage is 2,200 cubic meters, or 28% of the world’s average

36% of Land, 81% of Water

30000

35000

40000

成灾面积（万亩）粮食损失（千吨） An annualaverage of 14million ha of

15000

20000

25000 agricultural landwas severelyaffected since

2000, w ith food

0

5000

10000

50年代 60年代 70年代 80年代 90年代 2000年以后

loss reaching 35million tons each

year.



Challenges, Actions and ADBChallenges, Actions and ADB

1. Enhancing rural drinking water security Quantity dimension Quality dimension

⇒ More investment, better coordination among government

agencies (e.g. NDRC,MWR, MoH, MoE)⇒ Investment Opportunity for ADB?




2. Strengthening intra- and inter- watershedmanagement.

Inter-watershed transfer (Zhu River, HuangRiver, etc.)

Improving endanger dams and reservoirs: 6240by 2010

=Project

Conjunctive management

r rv=> ADB Examples: Sanjiang, Yancheng,Baiyangdian,etc.




3. Improving irrigation, drainage and w aterstorage facilities

The last mile problem About half farm land not irrigated Among the irrigated, only about 42% uses

water-saving measures

=Development Project; Ningxia Water-savingIrrigation Project




4. Development of Water-saving Society. By 2030, water demand is 730 billion m3 and supply 670 billion

m3, with the deficit about 60 billion m3. Planned at national, river basin, local level.

Irrigation efficiency raised from 48% of current level t0 50% by2020

arg na wa er consump on per , n us r aproduction dropped to 144 cubic meters from 953 cubic meters.

400 major cities suffer fromunreliable water supply and 110

have severe water shortage.




Drought Relief Responsibility System. Chief local government

5. Strengthening Disaster Management Capacity

,concerned are accountable for drought relief performance.

Integration of Risk into Social Development P lan: national

housing development should integrate risk considerations.

Drought Preparedness Local contingency plans Relief material reserves

Disaster Risk Financing

Local incentive compatibility

Public Awareness Promotion

Decision Support System for drought relief




6. Better understanding the interactions among,

agricultural production

Less rainfall in North and Northeast PRC over the last 50years. Runoff of the Yellow, Huai, Hai and Liao Rivers

decreased by 10 to 20 percent. World Bank work on HHH and Can ADB do the rest

($300k)?

CS48:Dealing with Severe Drought in Southwest Republic of China by Tun Lin

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