CS 352 Computer Organization & Design Fall 2010 Hardware /nm./: the part of the computer that you...
-
Upload
abner-bridges -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
0
Transcript of CS 352 Computer Organization & Design Fall 2010 Hardware /nm./: the part of the computer that you...
CS 352CS 352
Computer Organization & DesignFall 2010
Hardware /nm./: the part of the computer that you can kick.
CS 352 : Computer Organization and DesignUniversity of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Dan Ernst
2
Teaching StaffTeaching Staff
• Professor Dan Ernst – Office Hours:
• Wednesday 1:00pm – 3:00pm• Thursday 9:30am – 11:30am• … or by appointment
– Phillips 139– [email protected]
CS 352 : Computer Organization and DesignUniversity of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Dan Ernst
3
Goals of the courseGoals of the course
• To understand how computer systems are organized – Instruction set architecture– Processor microarchitecture– Systems architecture
• To gain skill in evaluating these systems for the purposes of:– making intelligent design decisions– making intelligent programming decisions *new*– making smart purchasing decisions– whatever other purposes you put it to
CS 352 : Computer Organization and DesignUniversity of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Dan Ernst
4
Where does CS 352 fit in our curriculum?Where does CS 352 fit in our curriculum?• Software view
– CS 145 245 255– Turning specs into high level language
• Hardware view– CS 278 (optional)– electricity transistors gates functional units
• CS 352 Builds on both of these– How do we take high-level language and actually compute it?– How do we build a computing device? (based on digital logic?)
• Prereqs: CS 255 ( Discrete Structures & Algorithms – Java )
CS 352 : Computer Organization and DesignUniversity of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Dan Ernst
5
Grading in 352Grading in 352• Assignments (40% total)
– 3 programming assignments – C++• Purpose is not to teach you how to program
– Design project and paper(These are somewhat subject to change!)
• Three exams (40% total)– 2 midterms + 1 final– Final exam is at least marginally comprehensive
• In-class activities/Quizzes ( ~8 -10 – 20% total)
• Attendance not directly counted towards grade– If you’re not here, you’re still responsible for what comes out of my mouth
CS 352 : Computer Organization and DesignUniversity of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Dan Ernst
6
CS 352 : Computer Organization and DesignUniversity of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Dan Ernst
7
A picture is worth 1000 words…A picture is worth 1000 words…
(or a billion transistors)
CS 352 : Computer Organization and DesignUniversity of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Dan Ernst
8
Managing Complexity with AbstractionManaging Complexity with Abstraction
• Designers deal with the extreme complexity of microprocessors by using abstraction.– Focus only on 1-2 levels of abstraction at a time– Similar to OOD
• Don’t need to know how the module works, just that it does work.– And the interface
CS 352 : Computer Organization and DesignUniversity of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Dan Ernst
9
Be Be DisciplinedDisciplined with Abstraction with Abstraction
• Just having abstraction isn’t enough, we need to use it
• When designing (HW or SW), take advantage of abstraction by using the properties of:– Hierarchy – Break designs down to manageable pieces– Modularity – Keep your pieces self-contained with well-defined interfaces– Regularity – Make modules “standardized”, and therefore reusable
CS 352 : Computer Organization and DesignUniversity of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Dan Ernst
10
Levels of Abstraction in a Computer SystemLevels of Abstraction in a Computer SystemAppsApps
O/SO/S
ArchArch
ArchArch
LogicLogic
DigitalDigital
AnalogAnalog
DevicesDevices
PhysicsPhysics
software
hardware
Applications – Generic Software
Operating System – Controlling Software
Architecture – HW/SW Interface
architecture – High-level organization
Digital Logic – Building-block Modules
Digital Circuits – Continuous Discrete
Analog Circuits – Fun with Electricity
Devices – Transistors, Capacitors, etc.
Physical Properties – Electrons, Ions, etc.
CS 352 : Computer Organization and DesignUniversity of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Dan Ernst
11
What would you say is the greatest invention of the 20th century?(ABC News poll, 1999)
Top responses % Computers 30Automobile 12Electricity 9Television 9Telephone/Telecommunications 7Airplane 4Medicines/Vaccinations 4
???
CS 352 : Computer Organization and DesignUniversity of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Dan Ernst
12
Computer Pre-historyComputer Pre-history• Charles Babbage
• Analytical Engine• Started in 1834
– Worked on until his death in 1871– Never Finished
• No Hertz Rating
• Driven by a steam engine• As designed, was Turing-complete
Heinrich Hertz 1857-1894
As soon as an Analytical Engine exists, it will necessarily guide the future course of the science.
CS 352 : Computer Organization and DesignUniversity of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Dan Ernst
13
What would you say is the greatest invention of the 20th century?(ABC News poll, 1999)
Top responses % Computers 30Automobile 12Electricity 9Television 9Telephone/Telecommunications 7Airplane 4Medicines/Vaccinations 4
“The transistor; without it, the XBOX would probably be the size of a city.”- nate66, some xbox forum
???
CS 352 : Computer Organization and DesignUniversity of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Dan Ernst
14
Introduction of MicroelectronicsIntroduction of Microelectronics
• Miniaturization of immense proportions
Transistor: This is an abbreviated combination of the words "transconductance" or "transfer", and "varistor". The device logically belongs in the varistor family, and has the transconductance or transfer impedance of a device having gain, so that this combination is descriptive.— Bell Telephone Laboratories — Technical Memorandum (May 28, 1948)
Integrated Circuit: Miniaturized electronic circuit manufactured in a thin layer of semiconductor material.
CS 352 : Computer Organization and DesignUniversity of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Dan Ernst
15
Moore’s LawMoore’s Law
CS 352 : Computer Organization and DesignUniversity of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Dan Ernst
16
The Power of MiniaturizationThe Power of Miniaturization
EDSAC 1 (1949)~ 500 OPs
Pentium 4 (2002)~ 12 GFLOPs
24,000,000 times faster
CS 352 : Computer Organization and DesignUniversity of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Dan Ernst
17
Analog Circuits – Electrons in MotionAnalog Circuits – Electrons in Motions
s s dd
d
gg
s
d
g The NMOSTransistor
AppsApps
O/SO/S
ArchArch
ArchArch
LogicLogic
DigitalDigital
AnalogAnalog
DevicesDevices
PhysicsPhysics
CS 352 : Computer Organization and DesignUniversity of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Dan Ernst
18
The Field-Effect Transistor (FET)The Field-Effect Transistor (FET)AppsApps
O/SO/S
ArchArch
ArchArch
LogicLogic
DigitalDigital
AnalogAnalog
DevicesDevices
PhysicsPhysics
s
d
g The NMOSTransistor
CS 352 : Computer Organization and DesignUniversity of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Dan Ernst
19
The Most Powerful AbstractionThe Most Powerful AbstractionAppsApps
O/SO/S
ArchArch
ArchArch
LogicLogic
DigitalDigital
AnalogAnalog
DevicesDevices
PhysicsPhysics
Input Output
0 1
1 0
From here on out:~ Max voltage = 1~ Low voltage = 0