Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and,...

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Crowdsourcing projects and undergraduate educa2on While we’re ge7ng started: • Have you ever par2cipated in a crowdsourced project? (e.g. voluntarily tagged, described, transcribed images, documents or other media) • What did you enjoy about it? • Were you mo2vated to con2nue? Why/why not?

Transcript of Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and,...

Page 1: Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, While,we’re,geng,started:, • Have,you,ever,par2cipated,in,acrowdsourced,

Crowdsourcing  projects  and  undergraduate  educa2on  

While  we’re  ge7ng  started:  •  Have  you  ever  par2cipated  in  a  crowdsourced  project?  (e.g.  voluntarily  tagged,  described,  transcribed  images,  documents  or  other  media)  

•  What  did  you  enjoy  about  it?    

•  Were  you  mo2vated  to  con2nue?  Why/why  not?    

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Crowdsourcing  projects  and  undergraduate  educa2on  

Mia  Ridge,  Open  University  @mia_out  hJp://openobjects.org.uk  

NITLE  Shared  Academics  8  May  2013  

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Overview  

•  Defini2ons  •  Example  crowdsourcing,  ci2zen  science  and  ci2zen  history  projects  +  discussion  

•  Mo2va2ons  for  par2cipa2on,  levels  of  engagement,  ethics  +  discussion  

•  Discussion:  applying  what  you’ve  learnt  to  undergraduate  teaching  

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Who  am  I?  

hJp://bit.ly/13JqWpr  Tool  from  hJp://neatline.org/  

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Over  to  you...  

•  Have  you  ever  par2cipated  in  a  crowdsourced  project?  What  did  you  enjoy  about  it?    

•  Has  you  set  crowdsourced  tasks  (like  transcrip2on  or  tagging)  for  their  students?  Any  2ps  to  share?  

•  Let  me  know  if  you  have  a  poten2al  crowdsourcing  project  in  mind  

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What  is  crowdsourcing?  

Crowdsourcing  (Jeff  Howe  and  Mark  Robinson,  Wired,  2006):  

‘the  act  of  a  company  or  ins2tu2on  taking  a  func2on  once  performed  by  employees  and  outsourcing  it  to  an  undefined  (and  generally  large)  network  of  people  in  the  form  of  an  open  call’  

•  Or,  'the  spare  processing  power  of  millions  of  human  brains'  

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'A  thousand  readers  are  wanted,  and  confidently  asked  for'    

hJp://blog.oxforddic2onaries.com/2013/02/james-­‐murray/  

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Ci2zen  science,  ci2zen  history,  and  other  par2cipatory  projects  

•  Ci2zen  science:  ‘the  engagement  of  non-­‐professionals  in  scien2fic  inves2ga2ons’  

•  Ci2zen  history:  as  above  •  Humani2es  crowdsourcing:  ‘leveraging  public  par2cipa2on  in  or  contribu2ons  to  projects  and  ac2vi2es’  

•  All  poten2ally  a  form  of  engagement  that  contributes  towards  a  shared,  significant  goal  or  research  ques2on  by  asking  the  public  to  undertake  tasks  that  cannot  be  done  automa2cally    

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...and  related  terms  

•  Niche-­‐sourcing  •  Community-­‐sourcing  •  Micro-­‐volunteering  

•  User-­‐generated  content  •  Human  computa2on  •  Collec2ve  intelligence  •  The  wisdom  of  crowds  

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Examples  

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Na2onal  Library  of  Australia:  Trove  

hJp://trove.nla.gov.au/  

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FamilySearch  

2012  Sta2s2cs  Total  records  indexed:  534,108,416  Total  records  arbitrated:  263,254,447  Total  volunteers  contribu2ng:  348,796  Total  es2mated  hours  contributed:  12,764,859  

On  “5  Million  Name  Fame”  event  day,  July  2012:  Indexed  Records:  7,258,151  Arbitrated  Records:  3,082,728  Total  Records  Worked:  10,340,879  Volunteers  par2cipa2ng:  46,091.  hJps://familysearch.org  

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Digitalkoot  

Less  than  two  years,  almost  110,000  par2cipants  completed  over  8  million  word  fixing  tasks  

hJp://www.digitalkoot.fi/  

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Transcribe  Bentham  

hJp://www.transcribe-­‐bentham.da.ulcc.ac.uk/  

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Snapshot  Serenge2  

hJp://blog.zooniverse.org/2012/12/11/snapshot-­‐serenge2/  

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Bri2sh  Library  Georeferencer  

hJp://www.bl.uk/maps/  'Georeferencer:  Crowdsourced  Georeferencing  for  Map  Library  Collec2ons'  

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NYPL  'What's  on  the  Menu?'  

hJp://menus.nypl.org/  

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Ancient  Lives  

hJp://ancientlives.org/  

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Old  Weather  

hJp://oldweather.org/  

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From  transcribing  logs  to  mari2me  history  

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Over  to  you...  

•  Which  examples  did  you  like,  and  why?  

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Types  of  content  

•  Links  between  content  (rela2onships)  

•  Ra2ngs/Votes  •  Tags  •  Correc2ons  •  Transcrip2ons  •  Descrip2ons  •  Spa2al  coordinates  

Tyne  &  Wear  Archives  &  Museums  hJps://www.flickr.com/photos/twm_news/5715279337/  

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Types  of  content  

•  Images,  mul2media  •  Game  levels  

•  Research  •  Item  iden2fica2on  

•  Family  records  •  Objects,  documents  •  Personal  experiences,  

memories  

Tyne  &  Wear  Archives  &  Museums  hJps://www.flickr.com/photos/twm_news/5715279337/  

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Typical  tasks  in  crowdsourcing  

•  Tagging  (subjec2ve,  personal,  factual)  

•  Transcribing  (including  OCR  correc2on)  

•  Modera2ng  (debunking,  flagging  for  review)  

•  Wri2ng  personal  stories  or  memories  

•  Linking,  rela2onships  •  Sta2ng  preferences  •  Categorising  •  Geo-­‐loca2ng  •  Crea2ve  responses  

UW  Digital  Collec2ons    hJps://www.flickr.com/photos/uw_digital_images/4498023042/  

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Over  to  you...  

•  Which  of  those  tasks  might  be  suitable  for  your  students?  Why?  

•  What  other  tasks  could  they  help  with?  

•  Looking  ahead,  how  could  you  help  your  students  move  between  levels  of  engagement?  

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Who  par2cipates  in  crowdsourcing?  

UW  Digital  Collec2ons  hJp://www.flickr.com/photos/uw_digital_images/4476958262/  

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Super-­‐contributors  and  drive-­‐bys  

‘16,400  liJle  boxes  –  one  for  each  person  who’s  contributed  to  oldWeather.  The  area  of  each  box  is  propor2onal  to  the  number  of  pages  transcribed,  between  us  all  we’ve  done  1,090,745  pages.’  hJp://blog.oldweather.org/2012/09/05/theres-­‐a-­‐green-­‐one-­‐and-­‐a-­‐pink-­‐one-­‐and-­‐a-­‐blue-­‐one-­‐and-­‐a-­‐yellow-­‐one/  

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Mo2va2ons  for  par2cipa2on  

Powerhouse  Museum  Collec2on  hJps://secure.flickr.com/photos/powerhouse_museum/2633069104/  

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Mo2va2ons  for  par2cipa2on  

•  Altruis2c  – helping  to  provide  an  accurate  record  of  local  history  

•  Intrinsic  –  reading  18thC  handwri2ng  is  an  enjoyable  puzzle  

•  Extrinsic  – an  academic  collec2ng  a  quote  from  a  primary  source  

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Extrinsic  mo2va2ons  

hJp://gwap.com  

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Altruism  

hJp://helpfromhome.org/  

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Intrinsic  mo2va2ons  

•  fun  •  the  pleasure  in  doing  hobbies  

•  the  enjoyment  in  learning  

•  mastering  new  skills,  prac2cing  exis2ng  skills  

•  recogni2on  •  community  •  passion  for  the  subject  

State  Library  of  Queensland,  Australia  hJps://secure.flickr.com/photos/statelibraryqueensland/3198305152/  

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Intrinsic  mo2va2ons  

People  crave:  •  sa2sfying  work  to  do  •  the  experience  of  being  

good  at  something  •  2me  spent  with  people  

we  like  •  the  chance  to  be  a  part  

of  something  bigger  (Jane  McGonigal,  2009,  on  

'museums  as  happiness  engines')  

State  Library  of  New  South  Wales  collec2on  hJps://secure.flickr.com/photos/statelibraryofnsw/2880982738/  

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Over  to  you...  

•  What  impact  does  mo2va2on  have  on  undergraduate  par2cipa2on?    

•  Does  it  maJer  if  student  par2cipants  are  externally  mo2vated  or  is  it  more  important  to  give  them  a  chance  to  be  engaged?  

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Engagement  

1.  'aJending'  2.  'par2cipa2ng'  3.  'deciding'  4.  'producing‘  

Department  for  Culture  Media  and  Sport  'Culture  and  Sport  Evidence’,  2011    

The  U.S.  Na2onal  Archives  hJp://www.flickr.com/photos/usna2onalarchives/3678706327/  

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'Levels  of  Engagement'  in  ci2zen  science  

•  Level  1:  par2cipa2ng  in  simple  classifica2on  tasks  

•  Level  2:  par2cipa2ng  in  community  discussion  

•  Level  3:  'working  independently  on  self-­‐iden2fied  research  projects’  

(Raddick  et  al,  2009)  

State  Library  of  Queensland,  Australia  hJps://www.flickr.com/photos/statelibraryqueensland/4603281578/  

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FamilySearch  ‘stepping  stones’  

•  Indexing  as  ‘introductory,  family  history  educa2on’  including:  – Knowledge  about  Record  Types  – Genealogical  Informa2on  – Handwri2ng  Prac2ce  

•  From  indexing,  can  move  to  ‘arbitra2on’  –  Invited  aver  transcribing  2,000  records  if  94%  accuracy  or  higher  

•  Or  onto  your  own  family  history  research  

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Par2cipatory  project  models  

Contributory    the  public  contributes  data  to  a  project  designed  by  the  organisa2on  

Collabora2ve    both  ac2ve  partners,  but  lead  by  organisa2on  

Co-­‐crea2ve    all  partners  define  goals  together  

Center  for  Advancement  of  Informal  Science  Educa2on  (CAISE)    

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Who  really  has  agency?  

"I  par2cipate,  you  par2cipate,  he  par2cipates,  we  par2cipate,  you  par2cipate...they  profit.“  (1968)  Via  A  Ladder  of  Ci,zen  Par,cipa,on  -­‐  Sherry  R  Arnstein  

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The  ethics  of  crowdsourcing  

hJp://xkcd.com/1060  

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Sharing  credit  

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Over  to  you...  

•  What  are  the  challenges  of  collabora2on,  credit,  aJribu2on  in  scholarly  crowdsourcing,  and  how  might  you  start  to  solve  them?    

•  Are  there  any  ethical  issues  for  undergraduate  par2cipa2on  in  crowdsourcing?  

•  What  kinds  of  real,  authen2c  tasks  could  you  assign  to  improve  knowledge  of  culture,  global  engagement  and  apply  learning?  

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Thank  you!  

Mia  Ridge  Open  University  hJp://openobjects.org.uk  

@mia_out  The  Library  of  Congress    hJps://www.flickr.com/photos/library_of_congress/2179923364/  


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