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Crop productionAnd

Managements

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Agriculture Practices

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1) When plants of the same kind are grown and cultivated at one place on a large scale, it is called a crop.

2) There are two types of crops-:

i. Kharif crops: The crops which are sown in the rainy seasons are called kharif crops. Some examples paddy, maize, soyabean etc.

ii. Rabi crops: The crops grown in the winter season are called rabi crops. Some examples wheat, gram, pea etc.

Growth of a plant flower

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Basic Practices of crop Productioni. Preparation of soilii. Sowingiii. Adding manure and fertilisersiv. Irrigationv. Protecting from weedsvi. Harvestingvii. Storage

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i. Preparation of soil1. It is the first step

before growing a crop.

2. One of the most important task in agriculture is to turn the soil and loosen it.

3. This allows the roots to penetrate deep into the soil.

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ii. Sowing1.Sowing is the most

important part of crop production.

2.Before sowing good quality seeds are selected.

3.Good quality seeds are clean and healthy seeds of a good variety.

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iii. Adding manure & fertilisers1.The substances which

are added to the soil in the form of nutrients for the healthy growth of plants are called manure and fertilisers.

2.Soil supplies mineral nutrients to the crop.

3.These nutrients are essential for the growth of plants.

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iv. Irrigation1.The supply of

water to crops at different intervals is called irrigation.

2.The time and frequency of irrigation varies from crop to crop, soil to soil and season to season.

3.In summer, the frequency of watering is higher.

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v. Protecting from weeds1.In fields many other

undesirable plants may grow naturally along with the crop. These undesirable plants are called weeds.

2.The removal of weeds is called weeding.

3.Weeds are also controlled by using certain chemicals, called weedicide.

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vi. Harvesting1.Harvesting of crop

is an important task.

2.The cutting of crop after it is mature is called harvesting.

3.Harvesting in our country is either done manually by sickle or by a machine called harvester.

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vii. Storage1.Proper storage of

grains is necessary to protect them from pests and microorganisms.

2.Large scale storage of grains is done in silos and granaries.

3.Dried neem leaves are used for storing food grain at home.

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Fertiliser ManureA fertiliser is an

organic salt.A fertiliser is prepared

in factories.A fertiliser does not

provide any humus to the soil.

Fertilisers are very rich in plant nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

Manure is a natural substance obtained by the decomposition of cattle dung, human waste and plant residues.

Manure can be prepared in the fields.

Manure provides a lot of humus to the soil.

Manure is relatively less rich in plant nutrients.

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Agricultural implements

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Traditional methods of irrigation

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Modern methods of irrigation

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THANK YOU DONE BY SUBHAM.R.MODI OF VIII-’C’