Integrated crop livestock system for sustainable crop production
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Transcript of Integrated crop livestock system for sustainable crop production
Shantappa DuttarganviM.Sc. (Agri) Dept of Agronomy, 2009
ON
Introduction
Components of cropping system
Components of livestock
Livestock integration
Problems and prospects in crop-livestock based farming
system
Advantages
Integrated livestock systems
Conclusion
NEED….
Fragmented holdings and lack of capital
investment
Seasonal income and employment
Risk of crop failures
Single commodity farming
Horizontal expansion – limited scope
Deterioration of resource base
ENHANCING WEALTH
ENHANCING HEALTH
Livestock heritage serving a nation….,!!!!!!
STRATEGY
Relationship between integrated crop-livestock system and related terms
It integrates natural resources into farming activities to achieve maximum replacement of off-farm inputs.
Components:
Crop-livestock system
Agri-silviculture
Agri-horticulture
Silvi-horticulture
Integrated Farming System (IFS)Integrated Farming System (IFS)
“ It is the farming system which combines
crop production with livestock rearing”.
Maintains sustainable production system without
damaging resource base
Provides full family employment through out the year
Enables recycling of wastes within the farming system
Provides balanced food diet
Standard of living will be improved
Efficient utilization of all land available within the farm
COMPONENTS OF CROPPING SYSTEM
Three-strata forage system
Integrated tree cropping systems
Agro-forestry systems
Food-feed intercropping system
Relay cropping
Alley cropping
Grazing and stall feeding systems
Live Live stockstock
Components of livestock
Dairy farming
Poultry farmingPoultry farming
Sheep and goatSheep and goat
Piggery
Animal husbandry contributes about 30 per cent of
country’s agricultural out put
57 per cent of the world’s buffalo production
15 per cent cattle production
Livestock sector contributes 8 per cent to India’s GDP
Contribution of livestock to the national economy is
Rs.45,000 crores
CAST,1999.
Contribution of livestock to global production
An outline of different resource flows An outline of different resource flows
in mixed crop-livestock systemsin mixed crop-livestock systems
Role of livestock in farming system
Livestock is a source of food
Livestock is a renewable natural resource
Source of draught power and dung manure
Acts as a cushion against income shocks
Transport
Livestock Integration
Supplementary integration
Complementary integration
Population in Indian sub-continent is increasing by
leaps and bounds which require production of more food
from the limited available lands
There is no scope for horizontal expansion of land for
food and feed
Only vertical expansion is possible by integrating
appropriate farming components requiring less space and
time, which provide periodic income to the farmers
Why to go for integration of enterprises?
FUNCTIONAL INTERACTION IN LIVESTOCK FARM
Peters, 1999
Crops
biodigester
Integration pathway in Ecological farming system
family
pond
manureEffluent
Irrigation
Livestock
feeding
Pathways of nutrient flow in mixed crop-livestock farming systems
Stangel ., 2001
Crop-livestock FS
Intercropping with NFT’s
Alley cropping
Agrihorticulture
Multistoreyed cropping
Labo
ur in
tens
ity
Land use intensity
Farming systems in relation to labour and land use intensity
Singh, 2000
Methods of crop-livestock Methods of crop-livestock integration integration
Spatially separated crop and livestock farms
Spatial and temporal integration on the same
land base
Russelle et al., 2007
Aims of livestock development Aims of livestock development strategiesstrategies
Conserve the natural resource base
Raise productivity
Expand production
Optimizes the allocation of development resources
Integration of Integration of Crop-DairyCrop-Dairy
fodd
er
man
ure
residues
Slurry waste
Dung &
urine
gas
waste
milk
Cattle grazing under coconut trees Cattle grazing under coconut trees
Adding cattle to a legume-grain crop rotation
doubled the rate of soil carbon accumulation
because of manure addition.
Drinkwatr et al.,
1998
Recycling of crop carbon through manure and
decomposing residues improves soil carbon
sequestration
Singh et al.,
1998
Economics and employment generation of dairy as component in farming system
Chandrasekaran et al., 1994
Integration of Crop-Sheep/Goat
Sheep grazing under tall-stemmed fruit Sheep grazing under tall-stemmed fruit
treestrees
Economics of IFS and CCS (1 ha)Economics of IFS and CCS (1 ha)
Shivasankaran et al., 1995
Reasons for non adoption of certain practices related to sheep and goat rearing in different agro climatic zones
Maintenance of crossbreeds
Grazing
Provision of house or night shelter
Provision of concentrate mixtures
Isolation of breeding rams during grazing
Knowledge of non-contagious diseases (Bloat, tetanus)
Problem of marketting
Integration of Crop-Dairy-Goat
Cows and sheep grazing together in a Cows and sheep grazing together in a pasture to optimize biomass pasture to optimize biomass
utilization utilization
Farming systems
Component productivity (kg)*
System producti
vity (kg/ha)
% over CCS
Crop
Poultry
Pigeon
Fish
Goat
Crop12995
- - - - 12995 -
Crop + Fish + Poultry
26352
1205 -2052
- 29609 128
Crop + Fish + Pigeon
24854
- 25451774
- 29173 124
Crop + Fish + Goat
25725
- -1975
9979
37679 190
System Productivity (Rice grain equivalent) of Integrated Farming System
* Mean over three years
Jayanthi, 2002
PROFIT FROM IFSPROFIT FROM IFS
Economic profit
Social benefits to the farm family and the
community
Environmental conservation
Economic analysis of maize (f) + cowpea(f) – chickpea + coriander system
Esther Skekinah , 20041 ha farming system: (0.8 ha cropping, 0.1 ha agroforestry, goat +buffaloes on 0.06 ha, farm pond 0.04ha)
42
• 3 Adult cows + 2 Calves
As FYM (12 tonnes),
113 – 67 – 86
N – P2O5 – K2O kg/year
As biogas + slurry
( 730 m3) ( slurry 11 tonnes),
157 – 133 – 114
N – P2O5 – K2O kg/year
• 20 female + 1 male of small ruminates under deep litter system Nutrients,
132 – 70 – 60
N – P2O5 – K2O kg/year
NUTRIENT ADDITION PER YEAR IN VARIOUS LIVESTOCK BASED SYSTEMS
Integration of Crop – Dairy – Sheep -
Poultry
Income and employment generation from different enterprises (1 ha) during the study period (2006-07)
Anon., 2007
Gross and net income from different IFS Gross and net income from different IFS modelsmodels
Solaiappan et al., 2007
Integration of Crop-Fish-poultry
man
ure
feed
feed
man
ure
dropping
Food waste
Utilization of byproducts Utilization of byproducts
Net returns, sustainable value index and profit per day as influenced by rice-fish-poultry
integrated farming systems
Treatment Net returns
Rs/ha/year
Sustainable Value Index
(SVI)
Profit
Rs/ha/day
2004-05 2005-06
T1 37,062 61,545 0.48 182.6
T 2 36,734 58,754 0.48 176.8
T3 49,348 76,606 0.64 233.2
T4 31,301 44,231 0.41 139.9
T5 37,590 52,858 0.46 167.5
T6 (conventional rice field)
14,139 29,059 0.18 80.0
Channabasavanna et al., 2007
Rice grain-equivalent yield under different production systems
Production Productivity (kg/ha)
Monocropping
Cashew
Coconut
Rice
Total
4,489
2,624
4,943
12,056
Improved cropping system
Cashew
Coconut +forage
Rice- Brinjal+ Rice-Cowpea
Total
4,489
7,796
10,859
23,144
IFS
Cashew
Coconut +forage +dairy
Rice-Brinjal +Rice-Cowpea +poultry
Total
7,521
13,553
21,223
42,297
Kalyan Singh et al., 2007
Integrated farming system approachIntegrated farming system approach
Production system
Gross returns (Rs/ha)
COC (Rs/ha)
Net returns (Rs/ha)
B:C ratio
Coconut + forage +dairy
94,870 62,535 32,335 0.52
Rice-brinjal + Rice-cowpea +poultry
1,48,560 73,200 75,360 1.03
Total 2,96,075 1,52,050 1,44,025 0.95
Manjunath et al., 2002
Productivity of integrated farming system (mean over 2 Productivity of integrated farming system (mean over 2 years)years)
Farming system
Component productivityRice-
equivalent yield (kg/ha)Crop Poultry Mushroom
Rice cropping alone 4,311 - - 4,311
Rice-
groundnut + mushroom + poultry
6,557 6,060 4,305 16,922
Rice-
Cowpea + mushroom + poultry
7,662 6,060 4,305 18,027
Rice-
Brinjal + mushroom + poultry
11,122 6,060 4,305 21,487
Rice-
sunhemp + mushroom + poultry
4,993 6,060 4,305 15,358
Manjunath, 2002
Farming Systems
Production Cost (Rs/ha)
Gross Returns
(Rs)
Net Returns B:C
RatioPer day Return
Cropping alone
27822 64975 37153 2.43 178
Cropping + Fish + Poultry
4833 146035 97731 3.02 400
Cropping + Fish + Pigeon
47090 145868 98778 3.06 400
Cropping + Fish + Goat
55549 186667 131118 3.36 511
Economics analysis of Integrated Farming System
Jayanthi , 2002
Information required for decision making in Information required for decision making in integrated crop-livestock systemsintegrated crop-livestock systems
Consideration Information required
Short term profit Crop yield and feeding value
Input cost
Output value
Multiyear factors Rotation benefits
Symbiotic N2 fixation
Residual fertilizer
Weed populations
Whole-farm factors Farm size and spatial distribution
Availability of different enterprises
Labour, cost, livestock
Ewing et al., 2004
Risk factors Yield variability
Price variability
Risk acceptance
responsiveness
Sustainability factors Persistence of perennials
Weed population
Soil condition and sensitivity
Contd…
Advantages of integrated livestock based Advantages of integrated livestock based farming systemfarming system
Increases productivity
Increases profitability
Improves soil fertility
Provides balance food
Employment generation
Better recycling of produces
Money flow around the year
Adoption of new technology
Solve the energy crisis
Constraints in integrated Constraints in integrated crop-livestock systemcrop-livestock system
Fragmentation and division of holdings
Scarcity of family labour
Less reliable market
Scarcity of own funds
Lack of transport and marketing facilities
Fluctuation in output prices