CROP PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT
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Transcript of CROP PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT
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CROP PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT
BY SUMERA QURESHI
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AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES
• CROP- WHHEN PLANTS OF THE SAME TYPE ARE GROWN ON A PIECE OF LAND.
• TYPES OF CROPS-• KHARIF- GROWN IN RAINY SEASON(JUNE TO
SEPTEMBER) EG-PADDY, MAIZE.• RABY- GROWN IN WINTER(OCT TO MATCH)• EG- WHEAT, PEA, GRAM
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AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES
• 1.PREPARATION OF SOIL.• 2.SOWING• 3. ADDING MANURE AND FERTILIZER• 4. IRRIGATION• 5. PROTECTION FROM WEEDS• 6. HARVESTING• 7. STORAGE
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PRPARATION OF SOIL-THE LOOSENING AND TURNING OF SOIL BY PLOUGH
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plough
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CULTIVATOR
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SOWING- SEED DRILLS ARE US ED FOR SOWING HEALTHY SEEDS OF GOOD
VARIETY
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Traditional seed drill
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MANURE
• WHEN THE DEAD PLANT AND ANIMAL MATTER IS DECOMPOSED TO PROVIDE NUTRIENTS TO THE CROP PLANTS.
• IF EARTHWORMS ARE USED FOR MAKING MANURE, IT IS CALLED VERMICOMPOSTING
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manure
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VERMICOMPOSTING
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FERTILISER
• IF CHEMICALS PREPARED IN FACTORIES ARE USED FOR PROVIDING NUTRIENTS TO THE CROP PLANTS.
• EG – SUPER PHOSPHATE, UREA, AMMONIUM SULPHATE, NPK( NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, POTASSIUM
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FERTILISER
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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FRTILISER AND MANURE
MANURE FERTILISER
1. IT IS PREPARED IN FIELD 1. IT IS PREPARED IN FACTORY
2. IT IS CHEAP 2. IT IS COSTLY
3. IT IS DIFFICULT TO TRANSPORT 3. IT IS EASY TO TRANPORT
4. IT PROVIDES HUMUS 4. IT DOES NOT PROVIDE HUMUS
5. IT IS A CHEMICAL 5. IT IS A NATURAL PRODUCT
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ADVANTAGES OF MANURE
1. IT INCRESES WATER HOLDING CAPACITY OF SOIL.
2. IT MAKES SOIL POROUS SO THAT GASEOUS EXCHANGE CAN TAKE PLACE.
3. IT INCREASES FRIENDLY MICROBES.4. IT IMPROVES TEXTURE OF SOIL
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IRRIGATION
• THE TIME TO TIME WATERING OF CROP PLANTS IS CALLED IRRIGATION.
• SOURCES- TANK, RIVER, POND, LAKE, WELL, DAMS, TUBE WELLS,CANALS
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TRADITIONAL METHODS OF IRRIGATION- MOAT
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CHAIN PUMP
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DHEKLI
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MODERN METHODS- SPRINKLER
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DRIP IRRIGATION
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PROTECTION FROM WEEDS
• WEED- AN UNWANTED PLANT GROWING WITH THE CROP WHICH COMPETES WITH IT FOR SPACE, SUNLIGHT, NUTRIENTS AND WATER.
• IT CAN BE REMOVED BY HAND PLCKING ,A AKHURPI OR BY CHEMICALS WHICH KILL WEEDS(WEEDICIDE) SUCH AS 2,4-D
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WEED
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HARVESTING
• WHEN THE CROP IS MATURE AND READY THEN THE CUTTING IS CALLED HARVESTING
• THRESHING- WHEN THE GRAIN IS SEPARATED FROM CHAFF USING A COMBINE OR A HARVESTER.
• WINNOWING- WHEN WIND IS USED FOR SEPARATING SEEDS FROM CHAFF.
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HARVESTER
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HARVEST FESTIVALSBAISAKHI, HOLI, DIWALI, PONGAL,BIHU
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WINNOWING
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STORAGE
• STORAGE OF GRAINS IS DONE EITHER IN GODOWNS OR SILOS WHERE TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY IS CONTROLLED. GRAIN IS PROTECTED FROM RATS, INSECTS, BIRDS AND MICRO-ORGANISMS.
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silos
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ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
• THE DOMESTICATION OR REARING OF ANIMALS FOR THE IR PRODUCTS WHICH INCLUDES REARING, FEEDNG, HEEDING AND BREEDING
• EG- DAIRYING, POULTRY, FISH CULTURE