Critical Critical Thinking.Thinking.

Session 2

Conclusion: Conclusion: The demonstration against The demonstration against the planned new motorway will not the planned new motorway will not persuade the Government to change the persuade the Government to change the scheme.scheme.

Reasons: Reasons: (a) The Government is considering plans (a) The Government is considering plans

for motorways in other parts of the country.for motorways in other parts of the country. (b) The demonstration will be the (b) The demonstration will be the

biggest ever seen in the town.biggest ever seen in the town. (c) The Government has not been (c) The Government has not been

influenced by previous demonstrations influenced by previous demonstrations about the motorway.about the motorway.

ConclusionConclusion: People should beware of : People should beware of the claims made in advertisements.the claims made in advertisements.

Reasons:Reasons: (a) Advertisers are supposed to ensure (a) Advertisers are supposed to ensure

that the claims they make are truthful.that the claims they make are truthful. (b) Advertisements might contain (b) Advertisements might contain

statements that exaggerate the features statements that exaggerate the features of products.of products.

(c) People don't always believe (c) People don't always believe advertisers' claims about the advertisers' claims about the effectiveness of products.effectiveness of products.

ConclusionConclusion: It is not advisable for : It is not advisable for tourists to travel in the south-eastern part tourists to travel in the south-eastern part of theof the country.country.

ReasonsReasons: : (a) Many parts of the country are (a) Many parts of the country are

dangerous for tourists.dangerous for tourists. (b) Few tourists go in the south-(b) Few tourists go in the south-

eastern part of the country.eastern part of the country. (c) Some tourists in the south-eastern (c) Some tourists in the south-eastern

part of the country have been attacked by part of the country have been attacked by gangs.gangs.

ConclusionConclusion: Chain saws should be used : Chain saws should be used only by people with proper training.only by people with proper training.

ReasonsReasons: : (a) There are many jobs available for (a) There are many jobs available for

people who have been properly trained to people who have been properly trained to use chain saws.use chain saws.

(b) People using chain saws could be (b) People using chain saws could be seriously injured unless they have proper seriously injured unless they have proper training.training.

(c) There has been a big increase in (c) There has been a big increase in the number of people using chain saws the number of people using chain saws without proper training.without proper training.

ConclusionConclusion: Dog training classes : Dog training classes should be more widely available.should be more widely available.

ReasonsReasons: : (a) More people would have their (a) More people would have their

dogs trained if enough classesdogs trained if enough classes were were available.available.

(b) Most people make a good (b) Most people make a good attempt at training their dog.attempt at training their dog.

(c) Some breeds of dogs are (c) Some breeds of dogs are more difficult to train than others.more difficult to train than others.

ConclusionConclusion: The regime in the : The regime in the prison needs to be made much prison needs to be made much stricter.stricter.

Reasons:Reasons: (a) The prison governor has new (a) The prison governor has new

ideas about the regime in theideas about the regime in the prison.prison. (b) The number of escapes from (b) The number of escapes from

the prison has increased recently.the prison has increased recently. (c) The regime in the prison was (c) The regime in the prison was

once much stricter than it is now.once much stricter than it is now.

LinearLinear

Golden Fleece has won all of her last five Golden Fleece has won all of her last five races.races.

For today's race, she is being ridden by For today's race, she is being ridden by the same jockey that won with her in the the same jockey that won with her in the last one.last one.

Clearly, she will win today's race.Clearly, she will win today's race. None of the other horses in the race has None of the other horses in the race has

won recently.won recently. You should put all your money on Golden You should put all your money on Golden

Fleece.Fleece.

NarrativeNarrative Recycling has to be made much more than an option to Recycling has to be made much more than an option to

be chosen by the thoughtful few. It must be something be chosen by the thoughtful few. It must be something that everybody is required to do. Not only does recycling that everybody is required to do. Not only does recycling enable us to reuse valuable scarce resources, it also enable us to reuse valuable scarce resources, it also solves the increasingly difficult problem of disposal (with solves the increasingly difficult problem of disposal (with all the pollution dangers that accompany it). For all the pollution dangers that accompany it). For example, all vegetable waste can be composted and example, all vegetable waste can be composted and reused for the benefit of gardens. Cans of all types need reused for the benefit of gardens. Cans of all types need to be seen as a valuable resource by reusing the metal to be seen as a valuable resource by reusing the metal of which they are made. Therefore the Government must of which they are made. Therefore the Government must tackle the problem of waste disposal by creating tackle the problem of waste disposal by creating statutory powers to enforce widespread recycling of all statutory powers to enforce widespread recycling of all household waste.household waste.

DialogicalDialogical

Since everybody else can stay out Since everybody else can stay out until eleven, I should not have to be until eleven, I should not have to be home at ten.home at ten.

'It's true that everybody else can 'It's true that everybody else can stay out until eleven. But you're stay out until eleven. But you're different. Unlike your friends who've different. Unlike your friends who've all finished their exams, you've got all finished their exams, you've got to study hard for yours. So you need to study hard for yours. So you need to be in by ten to get plenty of sleep.'to be in by ten to get plenty of sleep.'