CRIME IN THE PHILIPPINES

Prepared by: Princess Marie M. Duenas

What is the term crime?

A crime occurs when someone breaks the law by an overt act, omission or neglect that can result in punishment. A person who has violated a law, or has breached a rule, is said to have committed a criminal offense.

CRIME

Typical crime includes:

• pick pocketing, • confidence schemes,• acquaintance scams, in some

cases, • credit card fraud. • Carjacking, kidnappings, • robberies, and• violent assaults

Pick pocketing

• Pick pocketing is a form of larceny that involves the stealing of money or other valuables from the person of a victim without their noticing the theft at the time. It requires considerable dexterity and a knack for misdirection.

confidence schemes

• confidence schemes-

These schemes may seek to extract money and in some cases personal details from the recipients of such correspondence. Such schemes are fraudulent.

Acquaintance Scams

• Credit card fraud • is a wide-ranging term for theft

and fraud committed using a credit card or any similar payment mechanism as a fraudulent source of funds in a transaction.

• The purpose may be to obtain goods without paying, or to obtain unauthorized funds from an account.

Carjacking

• Carjacking

• is the unlawful seizure of automobile. It's also armed assault when the vehicle is occupied. Historically, such as in the rash of semi-trailer truck hijackings during the 1960s, the general term hijacking was used for that type of vehicle abduction, which did not often include kidnapping of the driver, and concentrated on the theft of the load, rather than the vehicle itself

kidnappings

• Kidnappings

kidnapping is the taking away or transportation of a person against that person's will, usually to hold the person in false imprisonment, a confinement without legal authority.

robberies

• Robberies

Robbery is the crime of taking or attempting to take something of value by force or threat of force or by putting the victim in fear. At common law, robbery is defined as taking the property of another, with the intent to permanently deprive the person of that property, by means of force or fear. Precise definitions of the offence may vary between jurisdictions

Robberies

• At common law, robbery is defined as taking the property of another, with the intent to permanently deprive the person of that property, by means of force or fear. Precise definitions of the offence may vary between jurisdictions

Violent assaults includes:

• Violent crime includes murder, rape and sexual assault, robbery, and assault. Information about murder is obtained on a yearly basis from the FBI’s Uniform Crime Reports.

Statistics of Crime incidents

• Crime data gathered by the Philippine National Police (PNP) showed that overall crime statistics for 2011 were similar to those reported in 2010. From January to November 2011, the PNP recorded 230,817 crime incidents.

Root causes of committing a crime.

• Poor parenting skills • Peer influence• Drugs and alcohol • Income and Education• Tv violence • Easy access • Hot weather

Discouraging the choice of crime

• Punishment

is supposed to make a criminal behavior less attractive and more risky.

-locking bars on auto steering wheels, the presence of guard dogs, or high technology improvements such as security system and photographs on credit cards , increasing number of police officers on the street.

PRO-6 CITES FACTORS IN LOWER CRIME RATE IN

2012• ILO- ILO CITY- 7,211 or 16.20 percent

lower than the previous year’s 8,605 in Western Visayas

• CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY, Nov. 21 (PIA) -- The regional office of the Philippine National Police (PNP) in Northern Mindanao- A total of 4,037 crimes were recorded from July 1 to October 31 of this year, down by 20 percent from the 5,055 crimes recorded

• SAN JOSE, Antique, July 12 (PIA) -- The Antique Police Provincial Office

(APPO)

Antique’s total crime dropped by 14.96 percent from 234 crimes in January to

June 2011 as against 199 crimes during the same period in 2012

• BAYOMBONG, Nueva Vizcaya, May 22 (PIA)

• Police Senior Supt. Valfrie Tabian, police provincial director, said that during the period, a total of 124 crime incidents were recorded, which was a decrease by 246 incidents or 52.12 percent, as compared to the 472 incidents last year

BUTUAN CITY, April 27 (PIA) -- The Philippine National Police (PNP) Caraga, The crime statistics showed 896 index crimes and 342 non-index crimes, which constituted the total of 1,238 cases in the first quarter of 2011. However, it dropped to a total of 1,028 cases in the first quarter of 2012.

• QUEZON CITY, February 10 (PIA)

• According to PNP report, index crime cases was down by 20.01 percent in January this year with 11,379 cases compared to the 14,227 listed cases in same period last 2011.    

In 2009

• in 2009 (333,416)\

• For 2011, physical assault and theft were the two largest contributors to the total number of incidents. 

• Courts > % of managers surveyed lacking confidence in courts to uphold property rights

• 33.78 %• [12th of 39]• Jails• 7• [45th of 80]• Manslaughters• 2,592• [4th of 42]• Murders committed by youths• 3,252• [6th of 73]• Murders committed by youths per capital• 12.2• [11th of 57]

• Murders with firearms• 7,708• [2nd of 36]• Prisoners• 70,383 prisoners• [17th of 168]• Prisoners > Female• 4%• [70th of 134]• Prisoners > Foreign prisoners• 0.6%• [75th of 86]• Prisoners > Per capita• 94 per 100,000 people• [96th of 164]• Prisoners > Pre-trial detainees• 38.2%• [53rd of 143]• Prisoners > Share of prison capacity

filled• 156.4%• [28th of 128]

• Sentence Length• 24• [17th of 21]• DEFINITION: Total average sentence length served• SOURCE: International Centre for Prison Studies - World Prison

Brief• Software piracy rate• 69%• [41st of 107]• Total crimes• 85,776• [31st of 50]• United States extradition treaties > Date signed• November 13, 1994• United States extradition treaties > Entered into force• November 22, 1996• Unpaid diplomatic parking fines• 11.5

Reason of corruption

• public choice theory – official makes a rational choice to act corruptly

• bad apple theories – official with “bad” character necessarily acts corruptly

• organizational culture theories – group culture and aspects of the workplace encourage the official to act corruptly.

• • clashing moral values – the official’s societal or personal values and norms permit

corruption

• the ethos of public administration theories – pressure on the official to perform override

integrity considerations and allow corruption

• correlation theories – no casual theory only correlations

Prevention of corrupton

• economic – emphazises the need for the economic stimuli for corruption to be reduced

and suggests that such might be achieved by, inter alia, paying higher civil service

salaries

• educational – aims at altering the attitudes and values of the populace and civil servants

alike via training and education campaigns and engagement of the media

• cultural – ensuring that the behaviour and attitudes of those in power are subject to

stringent codes of conduct and their behaviour filters down to civil servants

• organizational or bureaucratic –

strengthening internal control systems such as auditing to

detect corrupt activity, and staff rotation to reduce the propensity for individuals to

establish themselves in entrenched corruption

• political –

increasing in transparency in terms, for example, of the monitoring of party

finances and more broadly, a clearer and more definite separation of powers in terms of

the judiciary and the state

• judicial or repressive measures – advocates harsher penalties for corrupt practices but also

the creation of independent anti-corruption agencies.

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