Cranfield University

Energy Technology Centre Update on Theme AUpdate on Theme AOngoing workOngoing work

Adina Bosoaga

Theme A

UKCCSC Stakeholder Meeting UKCCSC Stakeholder Meeting

September 2007, London September 2007, London

-- Outcomes Outcomes --

UKCCSC Progress Meeting, 18-19th March 2008, Edinburgh

•• Minimize energy requirements for COMinimize energy requirements for CO22 capturecapture•• Improve the efficiency of energy conversion Improve the efficiency of energy conversion

processes processes •• Reduce costs & consumption of primary energy Reduce costs & consumption of primary energy

sources sources •• Develop advanced, innovative concepts forDevelop advanced, innovative concepts for

nextnext--generation technology implementation generation technology implementation

Why research is needed ?

UKCCSC Progress Meeting, 18-19th March 2008, Edinburgh

•• Universities to look at alternative perspectives Universities to look at alternative perspectives

•• Equipment development Equipment development

•• Provide theoretical understandingProvide theoretical understanding

What industry wants?

UKCCSC Progress Meeting, 18-19th March 2008, Edinburgh

Breakout Sessions

Addressed questions:

•• What do we need to do?What do we need to do?•• What is already being done?What is already being done?•• What is not being done?What is not being done?•• What can/should we be doing to make it happen?What can/should we be doing to make it happen?

UKCCSC Progress Meeting, 18-19th March 2008, Edinburgh

Breakout Sessions

Technology Development for COTechnology Development for CO22 CaptureCapture

Technology Development for COTechnology Development for CO22 TransportTransport

Integrating CrossIntegrating Cross--Cutting Issues in Assessment Cutting Issues in Assessment (including economics, lifecycle analysis and (including economics, lifecycle analysis and environmental impacts)environmental impacts)

•• Research and development is a longResearch and development is a long--term commitmentterm commitment•• Bringing an idea from project to commercialization takes 10Bringing an idea from project to commercialization takes 10--30 years30 years

Roadmap to commercialization

Source: Source: DoosanDoosan Babcock + UKCCSC Stakeholder Meeting feedback Babcock + UKCCSC Stakeholder Meeting feedback

UKCCSC Progress Meeting, 18-19th March 2008, Edinburgh

Integration Integration of whole of whole

plant plant

High High efficiency efficiency deNOxdeNOx//deSOxdeSOx

Flue gas Flue gas recycling recycling for NGCC for NGCC

Handling Handling waste waste

Additives Additives

Hybrid Hybrid systems systems (solid/(solid/

liquids) liquids)

Trace Trace elements elements

Corrosion Corrosion

Solvent Solvent emissions emissions

Reclaiming Reclaiming solvent solvent

Solvent/Solvent/sorbent sorbent charactcharact..

CO2 post-combustion capture at a plant in Malaysia.

(Courtesy of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries).

Key needs -Underpinning science

UKCCSC Progress Meeting, 18-19th March 2008, Edinburgh

Process Process integrationintegration

Refractory Refractory (gasifier) (gasifier)

InstrumentatiInstrumentationon

ASUASU

Slag Slag chemistrychemistry

WGS WGS catalyst catalyst

developmdevelopm. .

HH22combustioncombustion

Hot gas Hot gas clean upclean up

CO2 pre-combustion capture at a coal gasification plant in North Dakota,

USA

Key needs -Underpinning science

UKCCSC Progress Meeting, 18-19th March 2008, Edinburgh

SlaggingSlagging

Corrosion Corrosion

ThermochThermoch..properties properties

Combustion Combustion chemistry chemistry

and kinetics and kinetics

ASU ASU

Materials Materials for for oxyfueloxyfuel

Ash Ash propertiesproperties

Flue gas Flue gas cleaningcleaning

5 MWe CES water cycle plant at Kimberlina, California

Key needs -Underpinning science

UKCCSC Progress Meeting, 18-19th March 2008, Edinburgh

COCO22 TransportTransport

COCO22 TransportTransport

Transport Transport SystemSystem

InfrastructureInfrastructureDevelopmentDevelopment

COCO22 qualityquality

FlexibilityFlexibility

Ship Ship Transport?Transport?

SafeSafe

Leak Leak freefree

CostCosteffectiveeffective

MonitorableMonitorable

InjectionInjection

Existing Existing InfrastructureInfrastructure

COCO22compressioncompression

UKCCSC Progress Meeting, 18-19th March 2008, Edinburgh

Ongoing work at Cranfield UniversityOngoing work at Cranfield University

UKCCSC Progress Meeting, 18-19th March 2008, Edinburgh

Calcium cycle – EU funded

Develop an advanced dry CODevelop an advanced dry CO22 capture system applicable for both PF and CFB boiler.capture system applicable for both PF and CFB boiler.

Two options for COTwo options for CO22 capture from boiler systems are investigated: an integrated capture from boiler systems are investigated: an integrated atmospheric fluidised bed system for postatmospheric fluidised bed system for post--combustion capture from PF or CFB boilers, combustion capture from PF or CFB boilers, and an inand an in--situ capture system for PFBC boilers. situ capture system for PFBC boilers.

The atmospheric option will be directed to the development of a The atmospheric option will be directed to the development of a pilot plant applicationpilot plant application

For the pressurized option, the project will seek a proof of priFor the pressurized option, the project will seek a proof of principle to determine if the nciple to determine if the expected benefits of a pressurized capture system can balance thexpected benefits of a pressurized capture system can balance the known limitations of e known limitations of PFBC systems. PFBC systems.

Carbonator

T = 650-850°C

Regeneration

T = 900°C-1100°CO2 CO2

CaO CaCO3

flue-

gasCarbonator

T = 650-850°C

Regeneration

T = 900°C-1100°CO2 CO2

CaO CaCO3CaO CaCO3

flue-

gas

low CO2 and

SO2 flue gas

UKCCSC Progress Meeting, 18-19th March 2008, Edinburgh

SStudytudy the impact of flue gas contaminants and sorbent the impact of flue gas contaminants and sorbent

postpost--treatment for sulphur separation treatment for sulphur separation

Carbonation and calcination process at different pressuresCarbonation and calcination process at different pressures

Coupled carbonation/ calcination process in order to Coupled carbonation/ calcination process in order to

determine the best suitable parameters (fluidization determine the best suitable parameters (fluidization

velocity, particle size, temperatures, residences times).velocity, particle size, temperatures, residences times).

UKCCSC Progress Meeting, 18-19th March 2008, Edinburgh

Calcium cycle – EU funded

New built test rig

CO2:100L/minO2: 30L/min

Natural Gas:10L/minSteam: max 30%

Cyclones

4300

100

SO2+CO2

Drain

Oxy-fired gas burner

1200

165

Fresh Limestone

CO2

Air

H2OH2O

Drain

SO2 +N2

Carbonator feed port

Vent

Flue gas

Trace heating

Trace heating

650ºC950ºC

N2

Natural Gas: 35L/min

Air: 400L/min

CARBONATORCARBONATORCirculated fluidized bedInternal diameter: 100 mmLength of the vessel: 4.3 mOperation temperature: 650º C Inventory of solids: 10 kgParticle size: 350 micronsGas velocity: 3-4 m/s

CALCINERCALCINERBubbling fluidised bedInternal diameter: 165 mmVessel length: 1.2 mMaximum operation temperature 950º CInventory of solids: 5-10 kgParticle size: 350 micronsGas velocity: 0.5 m/s

Calcium looping cycle test rig

UKCCSC Progress Meeting, 18-19th March 2008, Edinburgh

Modelling fireside corrosion of Heat Exchanger Materials in advaModelling fireside corrosion of Heat Exchanger Materials in advanced energy systemsnced energy systems(DTI)(DTI)

OxyOxy--fired / biomass fired pulverised fuel systemsfired / biomass fired pulverised fuel systemsHeat exchangers Heat exchangers –– superheaterssuperheaters / / reheatersreheaters / evaporators / etc/ evaporators / etc

Plant Plant LifingLifing of High Efficiency, Low CO2 Emission Power Plant (EPSRC, of High Efficiency, Low CO2 Emission Power Plant (EPSRC, SupergenSupergenPLE PLE -- phase 2)phase 2)

Corrosion mechanismsCorrosion mechanismsProtective coatingsProtective coatingsOxyOxy--fired / biomass fired pulverised fuel systemsfired / biomass fired pulverised fuel systemsHeat exchangers Heat exchangers –– superheaterssuperheaters / / reheatersreheaters / evaporators / etc/ evaporators / etc

OxyOxy--firing of Gas Turbines (GASfiring of Gas Turbines (GAS--ZEP)ZEP) ((DTI/EPSRC)DTI/EPSRC)Gas turbine Gas turbine –– compressor / combustor / power turbinecompressor / combustor / power turbineHeat exchangers Heat exchangers –– superheaterssuperheaters / / reheatersreheaters / evaporators/ evaporators

Oxy-fired combustion –materials activities

UKCCSC Progress Meeting, 18-19th March 2008, Edinburgh

Gas analysisTemperature monitoring

Temperature monitoring

Coolant out

Coolant in

Temperature monitoring

Flue

Pulverised coal / biomass + air or CO2/O2or natural gas + air

Cooling water out

Cooling water in

Cooling water out

Cooling water in

Gas analysis

Cooling water in

Cooling water out

Cyclone

Ash removal system

Fan

Valve

Fan

Air inlet

Modifications to combustion facility for oxy-fuel firing

UKCCSC Progress Meeting, 18-19th March 2008, Edinburgh

UKCCSC Progress Meeting, 18-19th March 2008, Edinburgh

1 Conference paper at 6th Annual Conference on CCS, 71 Conference paper at 6th Annual Conference on CCS, 7--10 May 10 May

2007, Pittsburgh, US2007, Pittsburgh, US

2 Conference papers at 2 Conference papers at International Conference on Coal Science International Conference on Coal Science

and Technology, August 2007, Nottinghamand Technology, August 2007, Nottingham

2 Conference papers at 7th International Charles Parsons Turbine2 Conference papers at 7th International Charles Parsons Turbine

Conference, September 2007, GlasgowConference, September 2007, Glasgow

Cranfield publications

Cranfield Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the following for financial support:

• European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC-7220-PR-125)• European Community (SES6- 019914)• DTI• EPSRC

UKCCSC Progress Meeting, 18-19th March 2008, Edinburgh

Future Activities

•• Theme A members to circulate the Theme A members to circulate the relevant papers and reports for final relevant papers and reports for final submissionsubmission

UKCCSC Progress Meeting, 18-19th March 2008, Edinburgh