Courage Child Protection Audit: Zambia

DEE BLACKIE

Courage Child Protection Audit: Zambia

DEE BLACKIE

Courage Child Protection Audit: Zambia

Prioritised Disempowerment Areas

DISEMPOWERMENT weight EMPOWERMENT

1 Neglect/Non Delivery 3.48 Action/Care/Delivery

2 Violence/Anarchy 3.46 Values & Belief Set

3 Exploitation/No trust 3.18 Partnership/Mutual trust

4 Ignorance/Dishonesty 3.07 Knowledge/Accountability

5 Low Self Esteem/No responsibility 2.99 High Self Esteem/Responsibility

6 Hate/Anger/Resentment 2.98 Love/Forgiveness/Empathy

7 Addiction/Directionless 2.63 Leadership/Vision/Purpose

DEE BLACKIE

ALL CHILDREN BELOW THE AGE OF 18 YEARS

Number of children* Who they are living with* What is their living environment*

• In country? (% of total)• In each province? (% of total)• In each community? (% of total)• By gender (% of total)• Number of child births per year?• Number of child deaths per year?

− Prematurity?− Abandonment?− Illness?− Disease?− Neglect?− Abuse?− Suicide?

• Average child life expectancy?

• Birth mother and father?• Birth mother only?• Birth father only?• Grandparent/s?• Extended family?• Legal guardian? • On their own?

− On the street?− In a home (Child Headed HH)?

• Wards of the state?− Institution/home?− Foster care?− Correctional facility?

• Permanent legal adoption?− Local vs international?

• Urban/Rural split?• Living in poverty? (% of total)• Social security support?• Formal home vs Informal home?

− Access to electricity?− Access to clean water?− Access to adequate sanitation?

• Access to a family environment?• Access to a safe home/place to sleep?• Access to adequate nutrition?• Access to early childhood

development?• Access to adequate education?• Access to health care services?• Access to play/recreation?

Child protection overview*

Macro child protection challenges:•Registration & Citizenship?•Disease?

− HIV/AIDS?− FASD? − Other?

•Disability? − Premature birth? − Physical disability? − Mental disability?

•Orphans?•Illegal immigrants/refugees/ unaccompanied minors?

Family related child protection challenges:•Informal (illegal) adoption?•Parent drug or alcohol abuse?•Psychological maltreatment: ridiculing, terrorizing, corrupting, denying love and affection?•Bullying (tangible & cyber)?•Isolation and internment?•Female circumcision? •Harmful male circumcision? •Virginity testing? (age/consent)•Child/Teen crisis pregnancy?

Criminal child protection challenges:•Late/illegal abortion?•Child abandonment?

− Unsafe vs safe?•Child neglect?•Child living/working on street?•Physical abuse/ill-treatment?•Murder or Attempted murder•Corporal punishment?•Sexual abuse?•Child trafficking?•Child exploitation?•Child labour?•Child marriage?

* Each metric should be assessed by age, living environment e.g. may want to compare urban vs rural.

DEE BLACKIE

Zambia Child Protection Review

• Number of Children:

– In country: 752 330 children under 18 (Unicef: 2013)

– By province: 49.5% of 1,407,088 population are children under the age of 15 in all 9 provinces (Wikipedia.org: 2000)

– In each community: Info not available (% of total)

– By gender: Women 52% Men 48% Total (Wikipedia.org: 2000)

• Number of child births per year: 608 000 (Unicef: 2013)

• Number of child deaths per year: 50 000 5 and under (Unicef: 2013)

– Respiratory Infections 26%

– Diarrhoea 20%

– Anaemia 6%

– Malnutrition 5%

– Other 1% (Health Situation Summery)

• Average child life expectancy: 57 years (Unicef: 2013)

DEE BLACKIE

DEE BLACKIE

Zambia Child Protection Review

• Who the children live with:

– Birth mother and father: 58% live with both parents (zamstats.gov.zm: 2007)

– Birth mother only: Stats not given but 670 000 have lost either one or both parents to HIV/AIDS (avert.org: 2012)

– Birth father only: See above

– Grandparent/s: 400 000 (Unicef: 2013)

– Extended family: 70% of adolescents live with extended family (academia.edu)

– Legal guardian: Info not available

– On the street: 13 000 (Unicef: 2013)

– In a home (Child Headed HH): 0.4% of children (academia.edu: 2000 outdated)

• Wards of the state?

– Institution/home: 224 Children’s homes (MSC Pres)

– Foster care: 5522 (MSC Pres)

– Correctional facility: 53 (issafrica.org 2013)

• Permanent legal adoption?

– Local vs international? Information not available

DEE BLACKIE

Zambia Child Protection Review

• Living Environment:

– Urban/Rural split: 80% Rural (Unicef: 2013)

– Living in poverty: 64% (Unicef: 013)

– Social security support: 21 000 households given money by government to support orphaned/abandoned children (Unicef: 2011)

– Formal home vs Informal home: Info not available

– Access to electricity: 18.5% (data.worldbank.org-2010)

– Access to clean water: Urban 80% Rural 50.1% (Unicef:2013)

– Access to adequate sanitation: Urban 55.8% Rural 33,2% (Unicef:2013)

• Family environment:

– Access to a family environment: Info not available

– Access to a safe home/place to sleep: Info not available

– Access to adequate nutrition: 71% of families have major food insecurity (thesis.eur.nl: 2011)

– Access to early childhood development: 6% (dhlkeducationaltrust.org-2014)

– Access to adequate education: 17.1% of children enrolled in G1 (dhlkeducationaltrust.org-2007)

– Access to health care services: 20.7% total have access to health care (afro.who.int:2002)

– Access to play/recreation: Info not available

DEE BLACKIE

Zambia: Macro Child Protection Challenges

• Registration & Citizenship: 30,9 % children registered from 2005-2012 (Unicef: 2013)

• Disease:

– HIV/AIDS: 9500 children infected per day (avert.org 2012) 980 000 total population (indexmundi.com 2012)

– FASD: Info not found

– Other: Info not found

• Disability: 1,6% of children have a disability (adry.up.ac.za)

– Premature birth: 2,3%

– Physical disability: Info not found

– Mental disability: Info not found

• Orphans: 140 000 children reported in 2012 (Unicef: 2012)

• Illegal immigrants/refugees/ unaccompanied minors: Info not available

DEE BLACKIE

HIV/AIDS

DEE BLACKIE

Zambia: Family Child Protection Challenges

• Informal (illegal) adoption: Info not available

• Parent drug or alcohol abuse: 40.8% of parents drink alcohol daily (africacheck.org)

• Psychological maltreatment: Info not available

• Bullying (tangible & cyber): 70% of bullying occurs in school (bvsde.ops-oms.org: 2004)

• Isolation and internment: Info not available

• Female circumcision: 3 million girls in Africa per year. No stats for Zambia (Wikipedia)

• Harmful male circumcision: 23 000 males a year in Africa. No stats for Zambia (degrees.fhi360.org)

• Virginity testing? (age/consent): Usually done at 15 years old without the consent of the child (hrw.org- 2010)

• Child/Teen crisis pregnancy: 33.6% of births before 18 years ( Unicef: 2013)

DEE BLACKIE

Zambia Criminal Child Protection Challenges

• Late/illegal abortion: 66% of illegal abortion using the following methods - herbal drinks, Chloroquine tablets, Aspirin tablets, Ampicillin tablets and washing powder solution. (academia.edu)

• Child abandonment (Safe vs unsafe): Info not available

• Child neglect: 1715 cases reported in 2010 (ohchr.org)

• Child living/working on street: 20 000 children (Unicef: 2013)

• Physical abuse/ill-treatment: 47% of all women, no stats on children (Unicef: 2013)

• Murder or Attempted murder: 5% attempted murder

• Corporal punishment: 24% (Unicef: 2013)

• Sexual abuse: 71% Females and 28% males in 2010 total pop (svri.org: 2011)

• Child trafficking: 43 cases reported in 2007 (wvioaptus.wvi.org)

• Child exploitation: 11.2% (resourcecentre.savethechildren.se: 2011)

• Child labour: 40.6% reported cases from 2002-2012 (Unicef:2012)

• Child marriage: 17.8% of Zambian women are married before 18 (Unicef: 2013)

DEE BLACKIE

Thank you