Courage Child Protection Audit: South Africa

DEE BLACKIE

Courage Child Protection Audit: South Africa

DEE BLACKIE

Courage Child Protection Audit: South Africa

Prioritised Disempowerment Areas

DISEMPOWERMENT weight EMPOWERMENT

1 Neglect/Non Delivery 31.98 Action/Care/Delivery

2 Violence/Anarchy 28.29 Values & Belief Set

3 Hate/Anger/Resentment 28.11 Love/Forgiveness/Empathy

4 Low Self Esteem/No responsibility 26.01 High Self Esteem/Responsibility

5 Exploitation/No trust 25.14 Partnership/Mutual trust

6 Addiction/Directionless 25.06 Leadership/Vision/Purpose

7 Ignorance/Dishonesty 24.90 Knowledge/Accountability

DEE BLACKIE

ALL CHILDREN BELOW THE AGE OF 18 YEARS

Number of children* Who they are living with* What is their living environment*

• In country? (% of total)• In each province? (% of total)• In each community? (% of total)• By gender (% of total)• Number of child births per year?• Number of child deaths per year?

− Prematurity?− Abandonment?− Illness?− Disease?− Neglect?− Abuse?− Suicide?

• Average child life expectancy?

• Birth mother and father?• Birth mother only?• Birth father only?• Grandparent/s?• Extended family?• Legal guardian? • On their own?

− On the street?− In a home (Child Headed HH)?

• Wards of the state?− Institution/home?− Foster care?− Correctional facility?

• Permanent legal adoption?− Local vs international?

• Urban/Rural split?• Living in poverty? (% of total)• Social security support?• Formal home vs Informal home?

− Access to electricity?− Access to clean water?− Access to adequate sanitation?

• Access to a family environment?• Access to a safe home/place to sleep?• Access to adequate nutrition?• Access to early childhood

development?• Access to adequate education?• Access to health care services?• Access to play/recreation?

Child protection overview*

Macro child protection challenges:•Registration & Citizenship?•Disease?

− HIV/AIDS?− FASD? − Other?

•Disability? − Premature birth? − Physical disability? − Mental disability?

•Orphans?•Illegal immigrants/refugees/ unaccompanied minors?

Family related child protection challenges:•Informal (illegal) adoption?•Parent drug or alcohol abuse?•Psychological maltreatment: ridiculing, terrorizing, corrupting, denying love and affection?•Bullying (tangible & cyber)?•Isolation and internment?•Female circumcision? •Harmful male circumcision? •Virginity testing? (age/consent)•Child/Teen crisis pregnancy?

Criminal child protection challenges:•Late/illegal abortion?•Child abandonment?

− Unsafe vs safe?•Child neglect?•Child living/working on street?•Physical abuse/ill-treatment?•Murder or Attempted murder•Corporal punishment?•Sexual abuse?•Child trafficking?•Child exploitation?•Child labour?•Child marriage?

* Each metric should be assessed by age, living environment e.g. may want to compare urban vs rural.

DEE BLACKIE

South African Child Protection Review

• Number of Children:

– In country: 18.6 million children (UNICEF 2012)

– Average By province: Pie graph on next page (children 0-4 years)

– In each community: info not available

– By gender: 25% female and 28% male (Children between 0-14 years- statssa.gov.za 2011)

– Number of child births per year: 1 102 300 per year (UNICEF 2012)

– Number of child deaths per year: 50 000 under the age of 5 (UNICEF 2012)

– Respiratory Infections 19% (2011 who.int)

– Diarrhoea 18% (2011 who.int)

– Anaemia 21.4% (2015 Wikipedia)

– Malnutrition 5.6 million deaths per year (2015 Wikipedia)

– Other 5% (2010-ftp.bhfglobal.com)

– child life expectancy: 52.3 years (UNICEF 2012)

DEE BLACKIE

Graph showing the number of children ages 0-4 years in each province in South Africa- 2012 beta2.statssa.gov.za

DEE BLACKIE

South Africa Child Protection Review• Who the children live with:

– Birth mother and father: 34.8% (2012 childrencount.ci.org.za)

– Birth mother only: 38.8% (2012 childrencount.ci.org.za)

– Birth father only: 3.4% (2012 childrencount.ci.org.za)

– Grandparent/s: 8% (2013 .news24.com/SouthAfrica/News)

– Extended family: 16% (2013 .news24.com/SouthAfrica/News)

– Legal guardian info not available

– On the street: 10 000 ( 2014 Sad,Bad and Mad thesis, Dee Blackie)

– In a home (Child Headed HH): 150 000 ( 2012 UNICEF)

– Wards of the state? 345 registered (2012 UNICEF)

– Institution/home: 21 000 (2012 UNICEF)

– Foster care: 500 000 reported in 2008 ( UNICEF)

– Correctional facility: 240 (2013 Wikipedia)

– Permanent legal adoption? Adoptions- 5853/ 1400 in 2014 Inter-country adoptions- 845 (2010 UNICEF)

– Local vs international? 1580 international adoptions between 2004-2010 (2014 Blackie)

DEE BLACKIE

Graph showing the percentage of children 18 years and under living with their parents in each province in South Africa- 2012 www.childrencount.ci.org.za

DEE BLACKIE

South Africa Child Protection Review• Living Environment:

– Urban/Rural split: 45% rural and 55% urban

– Living in poverty: 56% of children live below the poverty line ( 2014 iol.co.za)

– Social security support: social grant for 9,8 million children in 2010 (UNICEF)

– Formal home vs Informal home: formal- 73.6% informal- 11.3% ( 2013 childrencount.ci.org.za)

– Access to electricity: 80% have access (2010 UNICEF)

– Access to clean water: 34% of children DO NOT have access to water (childrencount.ci.org.za 2012)

– Access to adequate sanitation: 31% of children DO NOT have access to adequate sanitation (childrencount.ci.org.za 2012)

• Family environment:

– Access to a family environment: info not available

– Access to a safe home/place to sleep: info not available

– Access to adequate nutrition: 3.3 million children are underfed (childrencount.ci.org.za 2012)

– Access to early childhood development: 84% DO NOT have access to formal ECD (2011 who.int)

– Access to adequate education: 99% had access to primary school education ( 2012 UNICEF)

– Access to health care services: 83% (2011- Wikipedia.com)

– Access to play/recreation: info not available

DEE BLACKIE

South Africa: Macro Child Protection Challenges

• Registration & Citizenship: 95% (UNICEF 2012)

• Disease:

– HIV/AIDS: 410 000 children (UNICEF 2012)

– FASD: Between 6-11% depending on the area (Newspaper article by Shelley Seid)

– Other: 5% (2010-ftp.bhfglobal.com)

– Disability: 11.2% of the child population has a disability (2012-UNICEF)

– Premature birth: 12% (2012-who.int)

– Physical disability: info not found

– Mental disability: info not found

• Orphans: 4 million children are orphans (UNICEF 2013)

• Illegal immigrants/refugees/ unaccompanied minors: 5 million illegal immigrants (2013-Wikipedia)

DEE BLACKIE

Graph showing the percentage of children that are either Double orphan, Paternal orphan or Maternal orphan in all 9 provinces- 2012 childrencount.ci.org.za

DEE BLACKIE

South Africa: Family Child Protection Challenges

• Informal (illegal) adoption: info not available

• Parent drug or alcohol abuse: 1 in every 10 parent has a drug/alcohol addiction (2013-.health24.com)

• Psychological maltreatment: Info not available

• Bullying (tangible & cyber): 37% (2012-UNICEF)

• Isolation and internment : info not available

• Female circumcision: 3 million girls annually (2011- who.int)

• Harmful male circumcision: 1460 reported harmful circumcision (2012-UNICEF)

• Virginity testing? (age/consent): ages 18-20 years (2014-health24.com)

• Child/Teen crisis pregnancy: 182 000 reported annually (2013-.ibtimes.com)

DEE BLACKIE

South African Criminal Child Protection Challenges• Late/illegal abortion : 57% of child deaths are caused by illegal abortion (2014-Wikipedia)

• Child abandonment (Safe vs unsafe): 45% of children are abandoned (2010-UNICEF)

• Child neglect: 2 million cases reported in 2000 (2012-UNICEF)

• Child living/working on street: 10 000 children (2014 Bad Sad & Mad thesis- Dee Blackie)

• Physical abuse/ill-treatment: 14% (2010 UNICEF)

• Murder or Attempted murder: 758 attempted murder cases reported 2012 (2010-UNICEF)

• Corporal punishment: 59% (2012-UNICEF)

• Sexual abuse: 25 862 reported cases in 2012 (2012-UNICEF)

• Child trafficking: 247 000 reported cases of child prostitution and suspected trafficking (2005-mediamonitoringafrica.org)

• Child exploitation: 431 000 children reported in 2010 (2012-UNICEF)

• Child labour: 116 000 children reported in 2010 (2012-UNICEF)

• Child marriage: 5.6% of women get married before 18 (UNICEF 2012)

DEE BLACKIE

Pie graph showing the main reasons for admission of children into youth centre- 2010 UNICEF

Thank you