COUNTRY REPORT the NETHERLANDS - TNO · PARTIAL COMBUSTION Liselotte Verhoeven Experimental setup...

COUNTRY REPORT the NETHERLANDS

A. van der Drift

Presented at the IEA Bioenergy/Task 33 semi-annual meeting plus workshop "Bio-CHP" (together with Task 32), October 5-7, 2010, Skive, Denmark

ECN-L--11-091 August 2011

COUNTRY REPORT

the NETHERLANDSBram van der Drift

Skive/Denmark, 5 October 2010

2 IEA/Task 33 – NL-report – 5 October 2010 – Denmark

HoStCFB gasification technology for difficult fuels

• Romania: 3 MWth CFB gasifier, boiler

• Netherlands: 3 MWth CFB gasifier, boiler

• Portugal: 3 MWth CFB gasifier, OLGA, gas engine


BioMCNMethanol Chemistry Netherlands

• raw glycerin upgrading

• 30-40% glycerin in Natural Gas reformer, ~150 kton/y

bio-methanol (~150 MWbio-methanol)

• Looking for options to go to 100% bio-methanol:

gasification


NUON (Vattenfall) and ESSENT (RWE)

NUON

• 250 MWe coal-based IGCC

• 15% (energy) demolition wood direct co-firing

Essent

• CFB, cooler, cofiring, demolition wood

• ~5000 h/year, cooling remains bottle neck

• subsidy scheme for this plant will end in 2013, then …?

• towards 50% biomass in Amer Power Plant


ECNMILENA-development

• supporting 14 MWth CHP demo by HVC in Alkmaar

• envisaged fuel: demolition wood (paint, plywood, ..)

• currently, tests with pilot-MILENA/OLGA, 150 kg/h

10 cm 10 cm


ECNMILENA-development: O-transport

• O-transport from combustor

to gasifier

• up to 0.3 wt% O in

circulating olivine

• corresponds to ER up to 0.1

• depends on type of bed

material

low-N2 producer gas

flue gas

combustion air

biomass

pyrolysis in riser

BFB combustor

carrier gas (steam, air, CO2)


ECNMILENA-development: relations

Thesis available December 2010: “development of the MILENA

gasification technology…”: by Christiaan van der Meijden


ECNMILENA-development, 800 kWth pilot plant

Fuel demolition wood demolition wood clean wood

Fluidization gas to riser steam air steam

CO [vol%] 33% 29% 40%

H2 [vol%] 28% 21% 24%

CO2 [vol%] 14% 14% 11%

CH4 [vol%] 13% 9.8% 15%

N2 [vol%] 4.2% 24% 3.9%

C2H2 [vol%] 0.3% 0.2% 0.2%

C2H4 [vol%] 5.8% 2.1% 4.3%

C2H6 [vol%] 0.2% 0.1% 0.3%

C6H6 [vol%] 1.0% 0.7% 1.1%

H2S [Vppm] 410 360 -

COS [Vppm] 14 20 -

NH3 [Vppm] 20000 - -

HCN [Vppm] - 4000 -

HCl [Vppm] 150 - -

Tar total [g/nm3] 30 - 40


ECNMILENA-development

MILENA demoltion wood (B) test run

HVC project

0

5

10

15

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25

30

35

9-29-10 4:33 9-29-10 9:21 9-29-10 14:09 9-29-10 18:57 9-29-10 23:45 9-30-10 4:33

Date - Time

Gas

co

nce

ntr

ati

on

[v

ol%

. d

ry]

CO

H2

CO2

CH4


OLGA tar

removalMethanation

BioSNG

upgradingBioSNG

S Cl

Steam

Biomass

Flue gas

Riser (pyrolysis)

Char combustiontars

Downcomer bed material & char

MILENA

gasifier

CO + 3 H2 à CH4 + H2O

CO2 + 4 H2 à CH4 + H2OH2O

Producer gas

Further gas

cleaning

CO2

100% C

40% C

40% C20% C

ECNBECCS: Bioenergy and CCS

M.C. Carbo in: GHGT10 (Greenhouse Gas

technologies), September 2010, Amsterdam


ECNBECCS: Bioenergy and CCS

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200

CO2 price [EUR/ton CO2]

Fu

el C

ost

[EU

R/G

J]

BioSNG with CCS @ 13.3 EUR/GJ

BioSNG w/o CCS @ 12.2 EUR/GJ

Natural Gas @ 7.5 EUR/GJ

Diesel @ 11.5 EUR/GJ

M.C. Carbo in: GHGT10 (Greenhouse Gas

technologies), September 2010, Amsterdam


ECNBioSyngas by entrained flow gasification

LCS: lab-scale combustion and

gasification simulator:

• conversion

• slagging

• fouling

• emissions


ECNBioSyngas by entrained flow gasification

Particle feed rate 1-5 g/h

Particle residence time 10-3000 ms

Particle heating rate >105 °C/s

Gas supply primary burner CH4, O2, N2, H2, CO, CO2, H2S

Gas supply secondary burner CH4, O2, N2, H2, CO, CO2

Operating pressure 0.1 Mpa

Reaction tube inner diameter 0.076 m

Reaction tube length 1.3 m

Max. electrical heating

temperature

1700 °C

Probes for (fractionated) ash particulate

sampling

slagging/fouling

heat flux/fouling factor

gas temperature &

composition


LCS

gas/ash

quench

1

2

2

3

4

5

6

1. cooling body

2. metal deposit coupon

3. thermocouple channels

4. thermocouple

5. probe body

6. ceramic deposit coupon

(uncooled)

deposition probe for slagging and fouling tests

particle

collection for

conversion

tests


ECN LCS facility conversion corn stover versus coal (1300°, ER=0.25)

Conversion of coal and corn stover under EFG conditions

(ER=0.25, T=1300 °C)

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100

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

residence time [ms]

co

nvers

ion

[w

t.-%

, d

af]

coal

corn stover


ECN LCS facility slag formation (1300°C) corn stover

Fully molten slag

10% Ca, 5% Fe, 13% K, 40% Si


HVCCHP- and SNG-developments

• basic engineering 14 MW CHP ready, permits granted,

location selected, demolition wood

• tests at ECN ongoing

• investment decision December 2010, or May 2011


NL RENEWABLE ENERGY SUBSIDIES 2011


UNIVERSITIES

• Liselotte Verhoeven (TUe): partial combustion technology

for tar removal

• Carlos Vilela (TUe): in bed measures to increase

methane yield

• Kiran Kumar (TUe): producer gas cooling

• Pavlina Nanou (UT): self-gasification

• Prasad (UT): catalytic oil gasification


PARTIAL COMBUSTIONLiselotte Verhoeven

Experimental setup – Flame is

saturated with a specific PAH

Laser Induced Fluorescence

OHPAH

T calculated using FGM

Philip de Goey, Jeroen van Oijen, Liselotte Verhoeven – Combustion Technology

Experiments in cooperation with Marcelo Andrade de Oliveira and Lund Univ.

[email protected]


METHANE YIELDCarlos Vilela

Argon

Sand storm

gasifier

Oxygen

Mass

Spectromer

T

Ventilation

Oven

[email protected]

•Gas phase analysis on

real time

•Residence time

•Particle size

•Type of biomass

•Temperature

•Bed material

•Carrier agent


METHANE YIELD Carlos Vilela

0

1

2

3

4

5

CH4

mm

ol / g

bio

ma

ss

600

700

800

900

1000

• Pyrolysis (only argon)

• Beechwood particle

• Gas phase residence

time of 2.3s

• Sand


METHANE YIELD Carlos Vilela

• Pyrolysis (only argon)

• Beechwood particle

• Gas phase residence

time of 3s

• 800 ºC0

1

2

3

4

5

CH4

mm

ol / g

bio

ma

ss

SiC

Sand

Olivine

Dolomite

Magnetite


PRODUCER GAS COOLINGKiran Kumar

[email protected]

• controlled fouling tests

• condensation and particle

impaction

• to bounce or to stick

Cyclone

separator

Test section

Particle feeder

and flow

conditioning

unit

Electric

heater

Blower


Conventional Gasification vs. Self- Gasification

of Biomass to Bio-methane

T= 600 - 900 oC

P = 30 – 80 bar

Biomass (Waste)

CH4

Steam (Water)

High ash hold-up

Gas upgrading

Ash separation

and/or recycling

Gasifier

T= 800 - 900 oC

P = 1 bar

Biomass (Waste)

CH4

Methanation

Reactor

T = 350 oC

P = 30 bar

Syngas:

H2 +CO

Gas

UpgradingGasifier

Steam (Water) / Air / O2

•High gasifier pressure favors methane formation

•Autothermal and (auto)catalytic process

•Auto-tuned gasifier

•Operation possible without O2/air

•Possible stand-alone process

•Atmospheric gasifier

•Gasifier effluent pressurization

•No heat integration between gasifier and methanation

reactor

[email protected]


SELF GASIFICATION to METHANEPavlina Nanou

[email protected]

Reaction conditions:

S/C = 1.5, P = 60 bar,

= 1 h

KOH = 13.1 wt%

Ru/Al2O3 = 71.1 wt%

KOH has an effect on C to

gas conversion between

750-800oC

600 650 700 750 800 850 900

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

wood

wood+KOH

wood+Ru/Al2O

3

Ca

rbo

n to

ga

s c

on

ve

rsio

n (

%)

Temperature (oC)

batch capillary micro reactor tests


SELF GASIFICATION to METHANEPavlina Nanou

[email protected]

batch capillary micro reactor tests Wood produces CH4 amounts

higher than equilibrium

CH4 is a product of

– Primary pyrolysis

– Vapor cracking

– Not a product of:

CO + 3H2 CH4 + H2O

KOH produces CH4 amounts

higher than equilibrium

Ru/Al2O3 drives CH4 to

equilibrium amounts600 650 700 750 800 850 900

0

10

20

30

40

50

YC

H4 (

%)

Temperature (oC)

wood

wood + KOH

wood + Ru/Al2O

3

EQ

EQ incl.C%


MORE INFORMATION

Bram van der Drift

e: [email protected] PO Box 1

t: +31 224 56 4515 NL 1755 ZG Petten

w: www.ecn.nl the Netherlands

publications: www.ecn.nl/publications

composition database: www.phyllis.nl

tar dew point calculator: www.thersites.nl

IEA bioenergy/gasification: www.ieatask33.org

Milena indirect gasifier: www.milenatechnology.com

OLGA: www.olgatechnology.com / www.renewableenergy.nl

SNG: www.bioSNG.com and www.bioCNG.com

http://www.ecn.nl/publications

http://www.phyllis.nl/

http://www.thersites.nl/

http://www.gastechnology.org/iea

http://www.milenatechnology.com/

http://www.olgatechnology.com/

http://www.biosng.com/

COUNTRY REPORT the NETHERLANDS - TNO · PARTIAL COMBUSTION Liselotte Verhoeven Experimental setup...

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