Coronary artery disease
description
Transcript of Coronary artery disease
Coronary artery DiseaseIs the most prevalent type of
cardiovascular disease in adult
Coronary artery Disease
Is also called as Coronary atherosclerosisan abnormal accumulation of lipid or fatty
substances and fibrous tissue in the lining of arterial blood vessel walls
When your coronary arteries are narrowed or blocked, oxygen-rich blood can't reach your heart muscle. This can cause angina or a heart attack.
Signs and Symptoms chest pain or discomfortfeel pressure or a squeezing pain in chestfeel pain in shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, or
back. (pain tends to get worse with activity and go away when you rest)
Emotional stress also can trigger the pain.In short the s/sx of angina
Risk factorElevated blood lipid levelssmokingHypertensionDiabetes mellitusObesityFamily history of the disease
Diagnostic Tests ECG (Electrocardiogram) Stress TestingEchocardiographyChest X RayBlood Tests Electron-Beam Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography and Cardiac
Catheterization
Electron-Beam Computed Tomography This test finds and measures calcium
deposits (called calcifications) in and around the coronary arteries. The more calcium detected, the more likely you are to have CAD.
Coronary Angiography and Cardiac CatheterizationThis test uses dye and special x rays to
show the insides of your coronary arteries. A long, thin, flexible tube called a catheter
is put into a blood vessel in your arm, groin (upper thigh), or neck. The tube is then threaded into your coronary arteries, and the dye is released into your bloodstream. Special x rays are taken while the dye is flowing through your coronary arteries.
Collaborative management Lifestyle ChangesFollow a heart healthy eating plan to prevent
or reduce high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol and to maintain a healthy weight
Increase your physical activity. Check first to find out how much and what kinds of activity are safe for you.
Lose weight, if you're overweight or obese. Quit smoking, if you smoke. Avoid exposure
to secondhand smoke. Learn to cope with and reduce stress.
MedicinesanticoagulantsantiplateletACE inhibitors, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, nitroglycerin, glycoprotein IIb-IIIa, statins, and fish oil and
other supplements high in omega-3 fatty acids.
Surgical managementangioplasty coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG))
Pericarditis Is an inflammation of the pericardium, the
membranous sac of the heartMay lead to an accumulation of fluid in the
pericadial sac and increased pressure on the heart
It may be a primary illness or it may develop during various medical and surgical disorder
Also occur 10 days to 2 months after acute MI
Causes IdiopathicInfectionDisorder of connective tissueHypersensitivityNeoplastic diseaseTraumaTuberculosis
Signs and symptomsAsymptomaticChest painCreaky or scratchy friction sound (left lower
sternal border)
Other signsMild feverIncreased WBC countAnemia
Diagnostic testEchocardiogramCT-scanEcg
Collaborative managementMedical management:Analgesics and NSAIDsCorticosteroids
Surgical managementPericardiocentesisPericardiectomy
Congestive heart failureis a condition in which the heart's function
as a pump to deliver oxygen rich blood to the body is inadequate to meet the body's needs. Congestive heart failure can be caused by:
• diseases that weaken the heart muscle,
• diseases that cause stiffening of the heart muscles, or
• diseases that increase oxygen demand by the body tissue beyond the capability of the heart to deliver.
Causes coronary artery disease, high blood pressure (hypertension), longstanding alcohol abuse, and disorders of the heart valves. Diabetis
Signs and symptomsfatigue.Edemashortness of breathSome may be unable to sleep unless sitting
upright. increased urination, particularly at night. Accumulation of fluid in the liver and
intestines may cause nausea, abdominal pain, and decreased appetite.
Diagnostic testelectrocardiogram (ECG) and chest x-ray echocardiogram, ultrasound is used to
image the heart muscle, valve structures, and blood flow patterns.
Collaborative managementA less invasive modality, which can be
placed without surgery, is the biventricular pacemaker.
Medications• Angiotensin Converting Enzyme
(ACE) Inhibitors• angiotensin receptor blockers • Beta-blockers• Digoxin• Diuretics
Surgical managementHeart transplant
Thank you!