Cornell University College of Architecture, Art and Planning Department of City and Regional Planning CRP 5076, International Development Planning Workshop Spring 2014

Description: Pepe river in Surakarta, Indonesia. Photos: Department of City and Regional Planning, International Development Planning Workshop course, 2014. Map: Yayasan Kota Kita. Instructor: Office: E-mail:

Victoria A. Beard 200 W. Sibley Hall vab57@cornell.edu

Day and Time: Location: Office hours:

Tu/Th 2:30 to 4:25 Sibley 115 Fridays at 9:00-10:20

Workshop Description The purpose of the workshop is to expose students to the complexity as well as the nuances of planning with poor communities in the global South. The workshop will focus its efforts on the Pepe River in Surakarta (Solo), Indonesia. Issues of primary concern are access to water and sanitation infrastructure and services, urban environmental management, secure shelter, public space, “rights to the city” and poverty. The main deliverables for the course will be two reports. The starting point for these reports is described below. Context and Location Indonesia is at a crossroads in terms of its national development. After decades of economic growth and poverty reduction, in 1998, Indonesia experienced a sustained economic crisis. During this period the country implemented significant political reform (known as reformasi). It also implemented radical decentralization policies that moved the locus of revenue distribution decisions away from the central government to the municipal level. Since 2007 Indonesia has again experienced a period of impressive economic growth (averaging over 6 percent per year). However, in 2013 the economy showed signs of weakness; first with a fall of the stock market and then a slipping of the value of the rupiah and rising inflation rates.

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Solo is a particularly interesting city to conduct the workshop because it has recently undergone a noteworthy planning process led by the former mayor Joko Widodo (Jokowi). The former mayor is well known for successfully relocating squatters away from the Bengawan river, engaging street vendors in a relocation process, supporting traditional markets and his overall clean, transparent and participatory style of governance. After winning the Best Mayor award in 2011, Jokowi is currently the governor of Jakarta. Jokowi’s decision to relocate squatters away from the Bengawan river flies in the face of what is considered “best practices” in urban planning—improving housing and basic services with minimal relocation and disruption of existing social networks or what is commonly referred to in situ upgrading. Indeed, there are very few international examples of successfully relocating squatters. As a starting point, the workshop examines the Bengawan relocation process and what, if any, lessons are generalizable to the Pepe River and other squatter communities in the global South. Collaboration and Partners An important part of the workshop is developing collaborative working relationships both with your classmates and with the workshop’s partners. The workshop has four partners: the communities along the Pepe river, Yayasan Kota Kita (a non-governmental organization), Solo’s municipal government, and faculty and students at Atma Jaya University. During the semester two Indonesian collaborators (possibly three) will travel to Ithaca to work directly with the class. Learning Objectives

• A deeper understanding and appreciation for the complexities, politics and nuances involved in planning with poor communities in the global South.

• Develop the sensitivity and humility necessary to work effectively across cultural, historical and political settings.

• Develop communication skills with project partners, community members and teammates.

• Build effective working relationships across cultures, disciplinary perspectives and professional orientations.

• Interpret and use effectively different types of data, including: primary and secondary data, project documents, administrative records, maps, scholarly research, popular media, photographs and video.

• Enhance students’ research, writing, presentation, critical thinking and problem solving skills.

Expectations Workshops are unique educational experiences because they are dynamic and the work will continue to evolve as we gain a deeper understanding of the context and the issues throughout the semester. Please come to class prepared to actively participate and work

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during class meetings. The quality of the discussion and your learning will depend on your level of effort and the quality of work you bring to the course. I will strive to create an open, communicative, creative and respectful work environment. At times you will work independently, at other times you will work in teams on discrete tasks and you will also work in teams on two final reports. You will be individually responsible for specific deliverables, writing specific sections of the reports as well as writing some sections collaboratively. As part of the learning process and in order to ensure the highest quality final product, you will be asked to peer review each other’s work. Please bring your laptop and other needed tools and materials to every class meetings. It is important that you maintain up-to-date backups of all electronic work and supporting materials (e.g., maps, photos, videos, notes, drafts, and scanned documents). Because of the active learning involved in a workshop, regular attendance is mandatory. Sometimes we will need to meet as a group outside of our regularly scheduled class time (i.e., Skype meetings with Indonesian partners). Tasks, Deliverables and Evaluation The primary deliverables for the workshop will be two reports. The following is a starting point for each report: • A report that critically analyzes the tension between providing poor communities with

access to open, public space and protecting the poorest residents’ “right to the city” and access to shelter. This report will engage issues related to community-based planning, informality, tenure, housing, public space and poverty.

• A report that critically analyzes the challenges in providing access to water and sanitation services to poor communities. This report will engage issues related to planning, governance, environmental infrastructure and resource management, and problems of coordination and collective action on multiple scales.

The focus of both reports will be further defined as we analyze data and materials collected in Indonesia, collect and analyze new data throughout the semester, get feedback from colleagues inside and outside the Department, and engage in ongoing dialogue with our Indonesian partners. These reports are due Tuesday, May 6th. There are a number of discrete tasks that need to happen simultaneously throughout the semester: • Prepare for participation in one-day symposium on the nature of “meaningful

international experience” organized by the Einaudi Center on Monday, February 10th.

• Create a visual display for the symposium that represents the workshop. Two students will participate in a panel discussion.

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• Analyze and prepare materials for an Atkinson presentation on Thursday, February 13th.

• Create separate databases and archive photos, videos, maps, government documents, administrative materials, GIS data and other data and materials.

• Secondary research including an annotated bibliography and literature review related to the main deliverables.

• Create a schedule for hosting, accompanying and liaising with counterparts while they are in Ithaca for two weeks each (around the time of March 14th, April 18th, possible third visit TBD).

• Prepare materials for presentation in the International Studies in Planning seminar series on Friday, April 18th.

The deliverables and tasks will evolve and change throughout the semester. Readings and Supporting Materials I have posted many of the readings on Blackboard. Together we will discover new readings and materials as we better define the scope of our deliverables. Below is a list of helpful readings. Anderson, B. (1990). Language and power: Exploring political cultures in Indonesia.

Jakarta: Equinox Publishing.

Beard, V. A. (1999). Navigating and creating spaces: An Indonesian community’s struggle for land tenure. Plurimondi, 1(2), 127-145.

Beard, V. A. (2003). Learning radical planning: The power of collective action. Planning

Theory, 2(1), 13-35. Beard, V. A. (2007). Household contributions to community development in Indonesia.

World Development, 35(4), 607-625. Beard, V. A., & Cartmill, R. S. (2007). Gender, collective action and participatory

development in Indonesia. International Development Planning Review, 29(2), 176-213.

Bowen, J. R. (1986). On the political construction of tradition: Gotong Royong in

Indonesia. The Journal of Asian Studies, 45(3), 545-561. Cities Development Initiative for Asia. (2011). Informal transportation in three

Indonesian cities. Manila: CDIA. Cockett, R. (2013, November 18). Jokowi’s the man: A new president, representing a

new generation, could reinvigorate Indonesia. The Economist, The World in 2014. Dasgupta, A., & Beard, V. A. (2007). Community driven development, collective action

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and elite capture in Indonesia. Development and Change, 38(2), 229-249.

Firm Foundation: Participatory urban design in urban poor riverbank communities of Banjarmasin, 2012. Website: http://www.solokotakita.org/firmfoundation/

Geertz, C. (1962). The rotating credit association: A “Middle Rung” in development.

Economic Development and Cultural Change, 10(3), 241-263. Guinness, P. (1986). Harmony and hierarchy in a Javanese kampung. Oxford: Oxford

University Press. Guinness, P. (2009). Kampung, Islam and state in urban Java. Honolulu: University of

Hawaii Press. Hellwig, T., & Tagliacozzo, E. (Eds.). (2009). The Indonesia reader: History, culture,

politics. Durham: Duke University Press. Jellinek, L. (1991). The wheel of fortune: The history of a poor community in Jakarta,

Indonesia. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Majeed, R. (2012). Defusing a volatile city, igniting reforms: Joko Widodo and

Surakarta, Indonesia, 2005-2011. Innovations for Successful Societies. Princeton: Princeton University.

Mangunwijaya, Y. B. (1991). Durga/Umayi: A novel. Seattle: University of Washington

Press. Shay, A., Haggerty, M., & Kennedy, S. (2013). Social design field guide: A handbook

from experiences in participatory design in Indonesia. Hong Kong: Firm Foundation.

Siegel, J. (1993). Solo in the new order: Language and hierarchy in an Indonesian city. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Solo Kota Kita: Public access to neighborhoodiInformation to support participatory

budgeting in Solo, 2010-2013. Website: http://solokotakita.org/en/ Solo Kota Kita. (2010, November 28). Introduction to Kota Solo and its urban systems. Solo Kota Kita. (2012, January 15). City and community profile: Solo, Central Java,

Indonesia. Sullivan, J. (1992). Local government and community in Java: An urban case-study.

Oxford: Oxford University Press. Taylor, J. (2013). When non-climate urban policies contribute to building urban

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resilience to climate change: lessons learned from Indonesian cities. Asian Cities Climate Resilience Working Paper Series 1:2013. London, International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED).

Toer, P. A. (1982). This Earth of mankind (Buru quartet). Australia: Penguin Books. United Nations Human Settlements Program. (2011, December). City vision profile: Solo,

Central Java. Jakarta: UN-Habitat Indonesia Office. United Nations Human Settlements Program. (2012, August). City visioning profile:

Banjarmasin, Kalimantan. Jakarta: UN-Habitat Indonesia Office. United Nations Human Settlements Program. (2012, August). City visioning profile:

Pekalongan, Central Java. Jakarta: UN-Habitat Indonesia Office.

Vollmer, D. & Grêt-Regamey, A. (2013). Rivers as municipal infrastructure: Demand for environmental services in informal settlements along an Indonesian river. Global Environmental Change, 23(6), 1542-1555.