1. Conventions of a musicvideoChrissie Bishop

2. Performance Performance based music videos only show the band or artistperforming the song. It is one of the cheapest and easiest types of music video and isnormally used to promote to main artist. Performance based music videos enable the artist to show off theirskills and ability to perform enabling viewers to personally connect,identify and relate to their style of music. It can also be beneficial for the artist as their image can be portrayedto a wider audience leading them to be more easily recognised by thepublic at home and abroad. However, successful performance based music videos can be difficultto produce as they take up a lot of time and require a large variety ofshots to keep the viewer interested. An example of a good performance based music video is SingleLadies by Beyonce. The music video mainly consists of Beyoncedancing in a strong routine with backup dancers vigorouslythroughout the whole video. She also lip-syncs in the video, and avariety of shots are used to display her quality performance. 3. Narrative Narrative based music videos generally follow a storyline, or several,that run parallel to each other throughout the music video. The storyline typically involves the music artist or actor portraying thestory through the lyrics of the song or sometimes the overall theme ofthe video. Narrative music videos can also be divided up by the two differenttypes: linear and fragmented. A linear narrative features the story in chronological order, startingat6 the beginning and finishing at the end. A good example of a linear narrative is You Belong With Me by TaylorSwift.The storyline depicts Swift being in love with a male friend andher having the desire for him to breakup with his current girlfriend forher. In the end, her friend breaks up with his girlfriend and they end uptogether. Contrastingly, a fragmented narrative challenges the audience andleads them to piece together the story and make sense of it as afragmented narrative can start in the middle of the action and returnto the different parts of the storyline throughout the video. 4. Mixture Most music videos include a mixture of both narrative andperformance. The director of the video includes both a story that relates to thenarrative of the song alongside scenes of the artist performing. Typically these music videos provide a selection of short, quickcuts between the two types of video to give a balancedperformance. This helps to keep the audiences attention and to maintain theirinterest in both the narrative storyline and the actual artistthemselves. These videos can be more complicated, therefore more expensiveto produce. One video that has a good example of a mixture of all of thesethings is Telephone by Lady Gaga. This music video features botha linear storyline as well as also being very heavily performancebased as we see Gaga in strict dance routines throughout. 5. Camera angles The positioning and framing of the camera is important as itdefines the position from which the image is created. A still or moving image can be depicted by angle, height, level anddistance. It is important to consider these when producing a music video asa range of different camera angles can invoke different emotionsand narratives in a music video. Performance based music videos typically include several close upshots of the main protagonist enabling the audience to engagewith the artist through their facial expressions use of bodylanguage and hand gestures. One example of a music video which involves this is Problem byAriana Grande which features heavy use of close ups to interactwith the audience. 6. Movements The movement of the camera is also important in a music videothroughout the use of dolly, zoom, wipe and many more. Narrative based music videos typically include a selection ofdifferent camera movements to convey a story. Camera movements are also used in performance based musicvideos to highlight the pace of the singer and their surroundingswhich form the background. An example of a narrative based music video which uses a range ofcamera movements is Summer by Calvin Harris. 7. Editing Editing is an important process which concludes the making of themusic video. The process involves the editor piecing the video together with avaried amount of different camera shots whilst ensuring they fitwith the lyrics of the song. Pop songs generally involved camera shots which are cut to thebeat to keep the audiences interest and make the video flowwhereas slow songs include slow motion and longer shots to fitthe speed and emotion of the song. Editing also includes special effects such as continuity editingwhich is used in narrative based music videos to tell a story andparallel editing which is used in mixed music videos to show avisual comparison between the narrative and the performance. 8. Mise en scene Mise-en-scene refers to everything that is involved in the musicvideo. The three main components of mise-en-scene include subject,lighting and setting. The subject refers to the main protagonist within the video asviewers needs to be able to connect . Lighting and setting is also very important as they help determinethe success of the video. Props and costumes are also an important element of mise-en-scenehelping to attract a wider audience. The artists Katy Perryprimarily focuses on mise-en-scene in many of her music videos,showing off her extravagant and flamboyant outfits. An example of this is in her music video California Gurls featuringSnoop Dogg. 9. Sound Music videos incorporate different sounds which can be used in anumber o different ways for artistic effect. Narrative based music videos typically include diegetic sounds tohelp create a sense of realism. An example of this is in PrettyHurts by Beyonce, where she smashes the beauty pageanttrophies and we can diegetically hear the smash. Some narratives also include narration, helping to tell a story. Themost common type of narration used in narratives is a voice0overwhich helps put things in context and explains the basics of thestory conveying what the viewers can see.