CONTRIBUTION TO THE CONFERENCE ON THE INVOLVEMENT OF GREEN

PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT SERVICES IN THE ENVIRONMMENT

Presented by: Mr MOUGA MASDEWEL Blaise

Forestry and Fight against Desertification Division

Ministry of Environment, Water and Fisheries

Telephone contacts: +235 62 33 31 31 -- +235 99 82 17 63

E-mail: masdendo@gmail.com

OutlineINTRODUCTION

I. DEFINITION OF CONCEPTS

II. GOVERNMENT POLICY IN THE MATTER

III. ISSUES AND CHALLENGES

IV. OBJECTIVES

IV. APPROACHES AND STRATEGIC AXES

CONCLUSION

Introduction

As it is generally considered as arid, the geographical space of Chad littleattention to its woody potentials.

Reliable statistics for both resource management and performanceevaluation are not available.

The plant formations as a whole is 58.3 million ha. Of this total, forest resources occupy 10.9 million hectares (or 18.7%) of total plant formations).

By comparing the old data with those obtained by SIDRAT (2011), it has been observed that dense forest and wooded savannah have disappeared from the Chadian territory.

Overall, there is a regression of about 50% of the national forest potential over the last twenty years, a rather worrying rate of degradation estimated at 2.5% per year.

Introduction (continuation)

It is possible to reverse this trend because political will and technological

itineraries exist.

The rise of sustainable development policies, and in particular the greening of

the economy, calls for greater attention to environmental sectors in terms of

creating green jobs.

The Green Jobs Concept has several definitions that coexist around the

constants "Green Jobs".

These are jobs resulting from adaptation actions and mitigation measures for

the effects of climate change and variability (deforestation, drought, recurring

floods, soil erosion ...) or also all jobs from all economic activities with a

careful consideration of the environmental dimension at each stage of the

production and consumer system.

New processing trades and / or specialization of existing trades requiring

additional training or even innovative production processes or different

management methods.

The question therefore is to identify these new skills and qualifications required for the green versions of

existing occupations to meet the needs and organize training courses accordingly.

In the process of identifying green jobs, there is a sector approach (value chain approach) based on

ongoing projects and programs initiatives intended to make better use of existing resources, analyse

the sensitivity of jobs to the effects of climate change, reduce its impacts and identify the

opportunities from climate change.

For each level of a value chain, the identification of job development niches can materialize through the

development of entrepreneurship for job creation.

The sector approach is an irreplaceable means of action to support sustainable development strategies

and brings an interesting impetus for action when facing climate change risks. It thus offers a double

ecological and economic benefit.

The forestry sector covers the following activities: sustainable exploitation of forest species with high

added value (processing unit); community-based forest management; development of agribusiness

activities on high value-added products; ecotourism.

I. DEFINITIONS OF CONCEPTS (1/3) A green economy is defined as “one that results in improved human well-being

and social equity, while significantly reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities” (UNEP).

Sustainable development…

Pollution in our cities has become a serious problem; it is responsible for a number ofdiseases, including allergies, respiratory illnesses and cancers.

The development of the green economy will build on existing policies andmeasures and the consolidation of the country's proven experiences.

For the concept of green jobs, several definitions coexist but after examining thesectors studied, it should be remembered that green jobs are jobs resulting fromactions that reduce the environmental impact (deforestation, drought, recurringfloods, soil erosion ...) to finally maintain it at an acceptable level, in the model ofthe new green economy, which results in "improved human well-being and socialequity, while significantly reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities".

DEFINITIONS OF CONCEPTS (2/3)

All jobs generated by all activities in all sectors, taking into account the

environmental dimension, including climate change at each stage of the

production and consumer systems.

After this definition, green jobs appear as real opportunities in terms of

social cohesion because they can contribute to the integration into the

labor market for those who are excluded.

In the context of ecological and economic crisis, they are a source of hope

for reconciliation between the protection of the environment and the fight

against unemployment, two major issues of the modern economy.

DEFINITIONS DES CONCEPTS (3/3)

This sector approach is likely to promote the development of rural entrepreneurship

creating jobs and creating wealth to support the bases of development of the local

economy.

The sector approach brings a double ecological and economic advantage.

In this approach, the sectors take into account the following criteria:

The potential for creating green jobs in the area: how does the chosen sector create green jobs

for the benefit of the local community?

The sustainability of employment that determines the sensitivity of the sector to climate

change

Low-carbon energy regarding the potential contribution of the sector to the reduction of

greenhouse gas emissions

Feasibility in terms of accessibility, acceptability and availability.

Silviculture = forestry: is the activity and the set of methods and practices acting on the

management and development of a forest or afforestation to make a profit and / or

certain services that benefit society

Green employment is the protection and the sustainable management of natural resources.

To this end, the policy in this dimension includes the following national and international legal instruments

designed, signed, ratified, adopted and implemented through strategies, action plans to promote green

production and employment:

Contribution Nationale Déterminée (National Defined Contribution, CDN)

Stratégie Nationale de l’Education Environnementale (National Strategy for Environmental Education, SNEE)

Stratégie Nationale de Lutte Contre les Changements Climatiques (National Strategy for the Fight against Climate Change,

SNLCCC);

Plan d’Action National d’Adaptation (National Adaptation Action Plan, PANA)

Stratégie Nationale et Plan d’Action pour la Diversité Biologique (National Strategy and Action Plan for Biological Diversity,

SNPA-DB)

Programme d’Action Nationale de Lutte Contre la Désertification (National Action Programme for the Fight against

Desertification, PAN-LCD)

Stratégie Nationale Plan d’Actions pour le développement du secteur des PFNL au Tchad (National Strategy and Action Plan for

the development of the Non-timber Forests Products sector in Chad, SNPA-PFNL)

Stratégie Nationale pour la Foresterie Urbaine et Périurbaine (National Strategy for Urban and Peri-urban Forestry, SNFUPU)

Stratégie Nationale pour la Gestion des Feux de Brousse au Tchad (National Strategy for the Management of Wildfires, SNGFB)

etc…

Since this is a new concept, two things must be developed: communication and raising awareness

to achieve it.

II. GOVERNMENT POLICY IN THE MATTER

Urban and Peri-urban forestry

Communication highlights the importance of fostering social dialogue with partners at all levels in the transition to a green

economy.

Awareness-raising stresses the importance of socially responsible transition and decent jobs, calls for more ambitious

measures to integrate environmental skills into training strategies and coherent policies to make the most of the employment

potential of sustainable economies.

NURSERIES (in urban areas)

Public nurseries (production of non-timber forest products)

In the past, seedlings are produced and distributed by the forest services from Milèzi's central nursery.

The official nursery of the Ministry of the Environment (Milézi) with a large production capacity of 750,000 to 1,000,000

plants.

Private nurseries, location and species produced (specialized in horticultural and fruit species)

Mr. NADJIKONE Thomas under the name of « Matin Vert » in 1994, the private nursery of the city further developed with the

arrival of other people interested in the profession.

Production and selling sites: Goudji-TIT, Ecole de Centre, Banque Mondiale, Sacré Cœur, Monument Lamy, Brigade

Stupéfiant, Walia, Rectorat, Avenue Kondol, Palais du 15 janvier, etc.).

Current occupation: Locaux du Centre Culturel Français. The area of the nurseries varies between 40 m² to 8000 m².

These came, for most of the villages, from 1994 to 2009 (rapprochement of others, job search) followed by regrouping.

Species producedLocal woody species: Khaya senegalensis, Balanites aegyptiaca, Acacia senegal, Acacia nilotica, Ziziphus mautariana, Ficus spp., Acacia albida, Ziziphus spino-christi, etc.

Pharmacopoeial plants: Aloe vera, Caesalpinia pulcherrima.

Exotic species: Prosopis juliflora, Azadirachta indica, Terminalia mantaly, etc.

Horticultural plants: Cissus quadriangularis, Thevetia neriifolia, Hibiscus, Firs, Giant Taro, Privettes, lingasroms, Roses, Bervanges, Vougamvilliers, Priscarus, Sisalana Agave (Sisal), Magona, Prospanier, Yasprine, Roses, Foxglove plant, Lorier, Gardinia, Fern, Akalipha, Censia, Lili, Marie bordel, Ligombiliers, Veguis, Bresilia, pourpettes, Nancassourum.

Some of these plants sometimes remain in nursery for six (06) months or sometimes from two to three years ofproduction and become fixed trees in the production area.

Production capacity: 2500 to 30 000 for woody plants (forest and fruit) and 3000 to 5000 for horticultural plants peryear.

Problems to be solved

The origin of the seeds is doubtful, they come from everywhere, for both local and exotic species.

They are either picked up on the street or in heaps in local markets, or with fruit juice sellers, suppliers from provinces.

Exotic ones are sometimes imported from outside. Most of the seeds of horticultural species are imported from outside.

In peri-urban areas:

In this area, there is no permanent nursery, let alone private nurseries.

These are the works of non-governmental organizations operating in these localities

and sometimes government projects that date back from a very long time.

As soon as these organizations stop the activities, the communities become unable

to appropriate them, but, with the presence of Commons, some initiatives may be

oriented towards this area.

II. GOVERNMENT POLICY IN THE MATTER (cont.)

Effective Roles and Benefits of Urban and Peri-Urban Forestry-Green

Jobs-Environment

Urban and peri-urban forestry provides goods and services for the environment.

In addition to its ecological and aesthetic benefits, planted and maintained trees are a source

of income for subsistence and play an important sociocultural role.

Urban and peri-urban environnement sanitation

N'Djamena is a cosmopolitan city where urbanization has not always followed the growing

population growth. So far, it does not present the image of a modern city. The development of

neighbourhoods passes for the most part to the exemption of the district Moursal by anarchic

occupations.

Swampy or temporarily flooded land is subject to uncontrolled landfills.

Developing green jobs will allow the transformation of these various wastes into organic matter

(compost), plastics as pavers, etc.

The development of these private nurseries allows the populations of leisure and entertainment

cities, places of reading and cultural meetings, etc.

These plants also respond to the needs of protection, improvement, beautification of the

environment.

Effective Roles and Benefits of Urban and Peri-Urban Forestry-Green Jobs-Environment

Sources of monetary income

Urban and peri-urban "green" is a source of income and employment.

The production of forest and fruit plants, horticultural plants, maintenance and management of peri-urban

forests remain sources of employment and income generation in cities in Chad.

Sociocultural role

Urban forest cover plays a very important role in the lives of citizens. It becomes the ideal place for small

businesses and small trades.

Most of the trade component with women (selling vegetables, fruits, cakes, etc.)

The transformation of the capital N'Djamena into the “shop window of Africa", has not allowed for the

establishment of these private nurseries as it has not been the subject of special attention for these same

high authorities of the current time.

III. ISSUES AND CHALLENGES

Several constraints stand against the implementation of forestry in urban and peri-urban areas and interfere

with this source of green jobs creation in the environment.

Institutional and administrative constraints, unemployed graduates work together and put ideas on paper

for job creation such as the private nursery.

They are getting closer to the municipal authorities or institutions authorized to legally have a piece of land in

order to set up the site of their company, sometimes without success for the most part.

They sometimes take the risk of settling somewhere and immediately become clients of municipal agents

(scams, ransoms and subsequent evictions).

Here we congratulate the Mayor of the Commune of the 9th Arrondissement (reforestation site of Walia) Mr.

AHAMAT KERIMA SALEH, for his act with regard to the Association of Young Volunteers for the Protection and

Safeguarding of the environment.

There, these young people are still being threatened by a sieur saying that the site belonged to him.

Land constraints, Chad has not changed the relative texts on land since 1967; this leads to a severe lack of

land security.

III. ISSUES AND CHALLENGES (cont.)

Technical, environmental and organizational constraints, the low level of organization of private nurseryowners leads to blunders and mismanagement of plant production.

Little is known about the physiology and impacts on local species of the species currently used.

For this reason, nurseries should be organized for forestry appropriate to the sustrata conditions of Chadadapted to the urban and peri-urban environment.

The organization of these will prevent certain pathologies of imported species, their undesirable effects,source of discomfort.

Competition and habitat, this competition is the consequence of the uncontrolled urbanization withoutmaster plan of urbanization and allotments (since 1962) and in 1995 (reference urban plan) over 15 years.

The city's urbanization rate has been increasing (since 1960) by 8 and has quadrupled (2010) 35.5 with a fall in1980 and an average rate of 17.58 in 46 years. In the same districts it has gone from 6 (1995) to 10 (2009).

Concerns regarding forest management have not been taken into account and for the moment, are unlikely tobe taken into consideration by the Ministry of Regional Planning before any layout plan.

With the development of Communal Development Plans (PDC), it is important to take into account forestmanagement concerns for green jobs in the environment.

III. ISSUES AND CHALLENGES (cont.)Private nurseries constraints, promoters are faced with certain difficulties:

Lack of watering places for some sites (use of wastewater without any treatment);

Cruel lack of production materials and use of cured sludge as material

Lack of space and production

Lack of water retention tanks for all sites

Lack of premises (infrastructure) and fixed premises

Consecuences:

Lack of knowledge on quantity produced during the year

Lack of knowledge on local and exotic seeds

Fall in sales of certain species due to a lack of market research

Lack of thorough knowledge in plant production techniques

So, it is necessary to support these promoters who are invaluable assets for cities, and even green jobs in the

environment.

N.B .: There is a crucial problem of building diverse capacities (human, material, technical and financial).

III. ISSUES AND CHALLENGES (cont.)

OpportunitiesThere are many opportunities for the implementation of forestry in urban and peri-urban areas.

Awareness that the forest is a source of energy, a reserve of food, timber, source of approval, job

creation and income, and that it is vital to create it to maintain it and not to destroy it is the first

step towards a green economy

The political will shown by the development of policy documents and related action plans is an

undeniable asset to support a green economy

Private nurseries by being established become ipso facto temporary managers and guardians of these

sites

The implementation of urban forestry by young people, for their roles and the place of green spaces

allocated to this environment area, multiple uses of wood and non-wood products for the

improvement of their living conditions and well-being of populations

The activities of green spaces, even on a small or large scale, generate labor and therefore jobs

(private nurseries, trade in horticultural plants, etc.)

IV. OBJECTIVES

The overall objective is to promote poverty reduction in urban and peri-urban areas

through the creation of decent jobs in emerging green sectors and deepen synergies

between public works and the environment to address the lack of employment and

climate and environmental challenges.

Specifically:

To promote large-scale protection of seedlings (public and private)

To develop natural and artificial forest formations

To enhance the population capacity of stakeholders

IV. APPROACHES AND STRATEGIC AXESIn the Chadian context, for the promotion of green jobs in the environment, in order to bring all the

stakeholders to participate actively at all stages of the process and in relation to the problematic and

the stakes, three major axes draw our attention:

First axe, fight against deforestation and restoration of degraded land by forestry

General objective: to reduce the pressures resulting in deforestation and land degradation and promote

environmental awareness at all levels

Second axe, enhancement of natural and artificial forestry resources through sylviculture

General objective: to enhance the different sub-sectors of the forestry resources through related

developments

Third axe : acccompaniment measures for the implementation of sylviculture

General objective: to strengthen capacities of stakeholders in the different areas for a successful

implementation of urban and peri-urban forestry.

CONCLUSION (1/3)To succeed in the development of green jobs in the environnent in Chad, the following are essential:

To update obsolete texts on land that have occasioned errors in the space planning

To support the legal framework of urban and peri-urban forestry in the municipalities of Chad

To provide institutional and technical support to the Forestry Division and the N'Djamena City Council

as well as to the Provinces

To develop environmental education, training and skills to support greener economies (Institut

Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques et de l’Environnement de Sarh, ETA Ba-illi, private training

institutions in the field of environment).

Private partners could be in charge of the management of certain green spaces. This could be an

approach to test and encourage. The private nurseries installed with appropriate site development,

will be references for people wishing to plant, get advice on embellishment and having technical

consultations. These people should be organized, trained and their capabilities strengthened. They

should benefit as well from the adjustments of their production structures and equipped with

substantial production equipment.

Brief, develop a NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROMOTION OF GREEN JOBS –

ENVIRONMENT IN CHAD within a short time.

CONCLUSION (2/3)To boost this sector, creating jobs in the environment sector. The aim is to promote the reduction of

poverty and deepen the synergies between public works and the environment, to respond to the lack of

employment and the improvement of life conditions, certain points are to be observed, in particular:

Political will

Good governance

Strengthening of interested stakeholders capacities

Fill the institutional vacuum, a mandate of the Forestry and Fight against Desertification Division at

national level, therefore, an institution in charge of the environmental issues in the municipalities of

N'Djamena has to be created to respect the administrative division. This will allow the development

of green jobs in the environment municipality by municipality.

Apply the participatory approach (Forestry Department, Land Register and Urban-Planning Services,

municipalities, administrative authorities, grassroots and non-governmental organizations, etc.) of

local management for these urban and peri-urban forest formations and the development of private

nurseries.

Revive the Fonds Spécial en faveur de l’Environnement (Special Fund for the Environment) currently

exhausted

CONCLUSION (3/3)

The planning for private nurseries shall take into account the needs of

existing urban and peri-urban green spaces allocated for undergoing

reforestation.

In order for a policy worthy of green jobs in the environment to succeed

in Chad some conditions would have to be met:

Certify that the Forestry Administration has renounced to its previous

policy of repression and exclusion of organizations in local forest

management

Define the institutional framework for the legal recognition of basic

local communities as actors in the management of urban and peri-urban

sites

AVAILABLE PROJECTS WAITING FOR FUNDING

At the level of the MEEP and particularly at the level of the DFLCD, three projects have been already

elaborated, but are yet to receive funding.

1. Urban and peri-urban forestry: from the Stratégie Nationale la Foresterie Urbaine et Périurbaine

(National Strategy for Urban and Peri-urban Forestry) and action plans

2. Gestion des Feux de Brousse au Tchad (National Strategy for the Management of Wildfires in

Chad):

3. Stratégie Nationale Plans d’Actions pour le Développement du secteur des Produits Forestiers

Non Ligneux au Tchad (National Strategy and Action Plan for the development of the Non-timber

Forests Products Sector in Chad):

Thank you for your kind attention