CONTRIBUTION OF BIOLOGY · Cell theory was modified by Rudolf Virchow (1855) 01. Contact :...
Transcript of CONTRIBUTION OF BIOLOGY · Cell theory was modified by Rudolf Virchow (1855) 01. Contact :...
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CONTRIBUTION OF
BIOLOGY
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Cell theory was modified by
Rudolf Virchow (1855)
01
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Fluid mosaic model was
given by Singer & Nicolson
(1972)
02
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Auxin was isolated from tips
of coleoptiles of oat
seedlings by F.W. Went.
03
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E. Kurosawa reported the appearance of symptoms of “Bakane (foolish
seedlings) disease” in uninfected rice seedlings when they were treated with
sterile filtrates of the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi.
04
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M.S. Swaminathan is known for
the development of the concept
of crop cafeteria & crop
scheduling.
05
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Good humor hypothesis was
given by Hippocrates &
Indian Ayurveda System
06
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The experimental proof that
DNA replicates
semiconservatively was given
in eukaryotes by Taylor (1958).
07
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George Gamow (a physicist)
proposed that codon was
triplet.
08
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Species-area relationship
was given by Alexander von
Humboldt.
09
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The importance of species
diversity to the ecosystem
was given by David Tilman
10
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Binomial nomenclature was
given by Carolus Linnaeus.
11
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Two kingdom system of
classification was given by
Carolus Linnaeus.
12
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Anton von Leeuwenhoek first
saw & described a live cell.
13
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Cell theory was given by
Schleiden & Schwann.
14
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Calvin use radioactive C14 in algal
photosynthesis studies that led the
discovery that the first CO2 fixation
product was a 3-carbon organic acid.
15
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Whole pathway of C3 - cycle
was worked by Calvin and
Benson
16
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M.S. Swaminathan initiated
collaboration with Norman
Borlaug
17
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M.S. Swaminathan is initiator
of Lab-to-land & food
security.
18
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Central dogma of biology
was given by Crick.
19
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The experimental proof that DNA
replicates semiconservatively was
given in prokaryotes by Meselson &
Stahl (1958).
20
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Cost of ecosystem services
was given by Robert
Costanza
21
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Term Biodiversity
popularised by Edward
Wilson (Sociobiologist)
22
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Systema Naturae was
written by Carolus Linnaeus.
23
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Artificial system of
classification was given by
Carolus Linnaeus.
24
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P. Maheshwari was
influenced by Dr. W. Dudegon
25
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a- helix & b- sheet
structures was published by
Linus Pauling
26
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Van Niel demonstrated that PHS is essentially
a light-dependent reaction in which hydrogen
from a suitable oxidisable compound reduces
carbon dioxide to carbohydrate.
27
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Van Niel inferred that the O2
evolved by green plant
comes from H2O, not from
CO2.
28
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First recombinant DNA was formed by Cohen
& Boyer.
29
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Watson study on the “Effect
of hard X-rays on
bacteriophage
multiplication” (1950)
30
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Unequivoal proof that DNA is
the genetic material came
from the experiements of
Hershey & Chase (1952).
31
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Replication scheme was given by Watson & Crick.
32
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“Competitive Exclusion
principle” was given by
Gause.
33
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Resource partitioning was given by Mac Arthur.
34
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Natural System of
classification for flowering
plants was given by George
Bentham & J.D. Hooker.
35
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5 kingdom system of
classification was given by
R.H. Whittaker (1969).
36
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Ramachandran was
influenced by Linus Pauling
37
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Darwin was influenced by
Malthus
38
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Sachs found that the green parts
in plants is where glucose is made
& that the glucose is usually
stored as starch.
39
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First action spectrum of
PHS was described by T.W.
Englemann.
40
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Herbert Boyer observed that the
restriction enzymes have the
capability of cutting DNA strands in
a particular fashion (1969).
41
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Stanley Cohen developed a
method of removing plasmids
from the cell & then reinserting
them in other cells.
42
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Transforming principle
was given by Griffith
(1928).
43
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Biochemical characterisation of
transforming principle was given
by Avery, MacLeod & Mc Carty.
44
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Ramdeo Misra revered as
the father of ecology in
India.
45
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Ramdeo Misra formulated
the first postgraduate
course in ecology in India.
46
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Aristotle was the earliest to
attempt a more scientific
basis for classification.
47
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Biological classification of
plants & animals was first
proposed by Aristotle.
48
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Calvin work with J.A.
Bassham
49
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Hydroponics technique
developed by Julius von
Sachs (1860).
50
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Cousins confirmed the release of
volatile substance from ripened
oranges that hastened the ripening
of stored unripened bananas.
51
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P. Maheshwari established department
of botany at university of Delhi as
important centre of research in
Embryology & Tissue culture.
52
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Ramesh Chandra Dagar is
related to organic farming.
53
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Semi-dwarf wheat at ICWMI
were developed by Norman
Borlaug.
54
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DNA (Nuclein) was first
identified by Friedrich
Meischer (1869).
55
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X-ray diffraction data
produced by Wilkins &
Franklin.
56
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Hugo de Vries brought forth
the idea of mutations.
57
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Hugo de Vries used the
term saltation.
58
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Nucleus was first discovered
and described by Robert
Brown (1831).
59
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Melvin Calvin earn Nobel
Prize in 1961 for mapping of
the pathway of carbon
assimilation in PHS.
60
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Skoog & his Co-workers observed that from
the internodal segments of tobacco stems the
callus proliferate only if, in addition to auxins,
the nutrient medium was supplemented with
one of the following : extract of vascular
tissue, Yeast Extract, Coconut milk or DNA.
61
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Skoog & Miller identified,
crystallised & termed
Kinetin.
62
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Rivet popper hypothesis was
given by Paul Ehrlich
(Stanford Ecologist)
63
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Polyblend is formed by
Ahmed Khan & his company.
64
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Henking trace a specific
nuclear structure (X-body)
all through spermatogenesis
in a few insects (1891).
65
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Down‟s syndrome was first
described by Langdon Down
(1866)
66
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„Use and disuse of organs‟
theory of evolution was given
by Lamarck (French
Naturalist).
67
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Malthus work on
population.
68
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Causal organism of the
mosaic disease of tabacco is
recognised by D.J. Ivanowsky
(1892).
69
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Contagium vivum fluidum is
called by M.W. Beijerinek
(1898).
70
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Golgi bodies was discovered
by Camillo Golgi (1898)
71
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Ribosome was discovered by
George Palade (1953)
72
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Discovery of PGRs is started
with the observation of
Charles Darwin & his son
Francis Darwin.
73
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Charles Darwin & Francis Darwin
observed that the coleoptiles of
canary grass respond to unilateral
illumination by growing towards the
light source (Phototropism).
74
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Good humor hypothesis was
disproved by William Harvey
75
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Blood circulation was
discovered by - William
Harvey
76
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Sutton & Boveri argued that the pairing
& separation of a pair of chromosomes
would lead to the segregation of a pair
of factors they carried.
77
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Genetic map discovered by
Alfred Sturtevent.
78
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Darwin made a sea voyage in
a sail ship (H.M.S. Beagle).
79
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Alfred Wallace worked in
Malay Archipelago.
80
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Founder of Madras School of
Conformational analysis of
biopolymers was G.N.
Ramachandran.
81
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Triple helical model of
collagen was given by G.N.
Ramachandran
82
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Law of limiting factors was
given by Blackmann (1905)
83
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Scheme of Glycolysis was
given by Embden, Meyerhof &
Parnas. (EMP)
84
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P.Maheshwari was honoured
with Fellowship of Royal
Society of London (FRS).
85
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Short-duration high-yielding
varieties of rice (including scented
Basmati) was developed by M.S.
Swaminathan.
86
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Chromosomal theory of
inheritance was given by
Sutton & Boveri.
87
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Experimental verification of
the chromosomal theory of
inheritance was given by T.H.
Morgan
88
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Life comes from pre-existing
life it is told by Louis
Pasteur.
89
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Oparin & Haldane proposed that
the first form of life could have
come from pre-existing non-
living organic molecules.
90
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„Anatomy of Seed Plants‟
published by Katherine Esau
(1960).
91
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Curly top virus spreads
through a plant via phloem
tissue, it is reported by
Katherine Esau
92
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Sachs shows that the green susbtance
in plants (chlorophyll) is located in
special bodies (later called
chloroplasts) within plant cells.
93
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C4 - pathway was
discovered by Hatch &
Slack
94
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Lasker award given to
Watson & Crick
95
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Balzen prize given to Ernst
Mayr
96
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Mendel‟s results were
rediscovered by de Vries,
Correns & von Tschermark
independently in 1900.
97
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Sutton & Boveri noted that
the behaviour of
chromosome was parallel to
the behaviour of genes.
98
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DNA fingerprinting technique
was developed by Alec
Jeffreys.
99
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Spontaneous generation
theory was dismissed by
Louis Pasteur.
100
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Viruses crystallised by W.M.
Stanley (1935).
01101
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Viroids were discovered by
T.O. Diener (1971).
01102
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Jan Ingenhousz showed that
it is only the green part of
the plants that could release
oxygen.
01103
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Julius von Sachs provide
evidence for production of
glucose when plants grow.
01104
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Sanjay Gandhi Award in
Environment & Ecology is
given to Ramdeo Misra.
01105
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M.S. Swaminathan is
awarded by Padma
Bhushan.
01106
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Mendal proposed laws of
inheritance in living
organisms.
01107
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Punnet square were
developed by R.C. Punnet.
01108
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Automated DNA sequencers
worked on the principle of a
method developed by
Frederick Sanger
01109
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Frederick Sanger developed
the method for
determination of amino acid
sequences in proteins.
01110
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Jan Ingenhousz used a
similar setup as the one
used by Priestley.
01111
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Jan Ingenhousz showed that
sunlight is essential to the
plant process.
01112
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P. Maheshwari popularised
the use of embryological
character in taxonomy.
01113
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P. Maheshwari & Ramdeo
Misra was awarded by INSA
(Indian National Science
Academy).
01114
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Crick study on “X-ray
diffraction: polypeptides &
proteins” (1954)
01115
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Double helical model of B-
DNA was given by Watson &
Crick (1953)
01116
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Polynucleotide
phosphorylase is called
Severo Ochoa enzyme
01117
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Lac operon was given by
Jacob & Monad.
01118
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O2 was discovered by
Joseph Priestley (1774)
01119
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Priestley revealed the
essential role of air in
growth of green plants
(1770).
01120
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P. Maheshwari emphasised
the need for initiation of
work on artificial culture of
immature embryos.
01121
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P. Maheshwari work on test-
tube fertilisation & intra-
ovarian pollination
01122
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Har Gobind Khorana
synthesizes RNA molecules with
defined combination of bases
(homopolyers & copolymers).
01123
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Nirenberg in cell-free
system for protein synthesis
finally helped the code to be
deciphered.
01124
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