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Contents Unit 7 Conditionals
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1 English by Matifmarin. SUMMARY OF CONTENTS SUMMARY OF CONTENTS There are 4 kinds 1.- Zero conditional (if + present simple, ... present simple) e.g.: If you cut your finger, it bleeds . 2.- First conditional (if + present simple, ... will + infinitive) e.g.: If it is sunny tomorrow, we'll go for a picnic. 3.- Second conditional (if + past simple, ... would + infinitive) e.g.: If we had a lot of money, we would travel around the world. 4.- Third conditional (if + past perfect, ... would + have + past participle) e.g.: If I had studied harder, I would have passed my exam. UNIT 7 – The Conditionals
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Transcript of Contents Unit 7 Conditionals
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Englishby Matifmarin.
SUMMARY OF CONTENTS SUMMARY OF CONTENTS
There are 4 kinds1.- Zero conditional (if + present simple, ... present simple)e.g.: If you cut your finger, it bleeds.
2.- First conditional (if + present simple, ... will + infinitive)e.g.: If it is sunny tomorrow, we'll go for a picnic.
3.- Second conditional (if + past simple, ... would + infinitive)e.g.: If we had a lot of money, we would travel around the world.
4.- Third conditional (if + past perfect, ... would + have + past participle)e.g.: If I had studied harder, I would have passed my exam.
UNIT 7 – The Conditionals
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GRAMMAR – UNIT 7
if ...ZeroFirst
Second
Third
General truth
If you freeze water, it becomes ice.
Possibilities in the present or in the future
If it's sunny, we'll go for a walk.
Imaginary Present or Unlikely Future
If we won the lottery, we would travel around the world.
Imaginary Past
If I had known your phone, I would have called.
Englishby Matifmarin.
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GRAMMAR – UNIT 7
All conditional sentences consist of two clauses, an "if-clause” and a “main clause”
if clausepresent
main clausepresent
If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils.
0 - The structure of a zero conditional sentence (General truth)
□ If the "if-clause” comes first, a comma is usually placed. If the "if-clause” comes second, there is no comma:
main clause if clauseWater boils if you heat it to 100 degrees.
□ We use the same verb form in each part of a zero conditional: the simple present tense:
if clause if + subject + simple present verb
main clause subject + simple present verb
→ Note that most zero conditional sentences will mean the same thing if "when" is used instead of "if"): When you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils.
Englishby Matifmarin.
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GRAMMAR – UNIT 7
Using the zero conditionalThe zero conditional is used to talk about things which are always true, scientific facts, general truths, and so on:
Examples Explanations● If you cross an international dateline, the time changes. □ This always happens, every time you cross a dateline.
●If you go 10 meters under water, the pressure increases to two atmospheres.
□ This is basically always true - the pressure of 10 meters of water equals one atmosphere.
● Phosphorus burns if you expose it to air. □ This is a scientific fact - you can test it in a laboratory.
Are you ready for a little test on zero conditional? ORDER AND WRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES:
1. you / cut/ your finger / it / bleed
2. cork / float / you / drop / it / in water
3. you / not / eat / you die
4. it / not / rain / the grass / not / grow
5. iron / rust / it / get / wet
6. you / heat / butter / it / melt
Englishby Matifmarin.
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GRAMMAR – UNIT 7
1. If you cut your finger, it bleeds.
2. Cork floats if you drop it in water. / If you drop corn in water, it floats.
3. If you don’t eat, you die.
4. If it doesn’t rain, the grass doesn’t grow.
5. Iron rusts if it gets wet. / If iron gets wet, it rusts.
6. If you heat butter, it melts.
ANSWERS
Englishby Matifmarin.
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GRAMMAR – UNIT 7
1st - The structure of a first conditional sentence (possibility in present or future)
if clause main clauseIf you study hard, you will pass the test.
main clause if clauseYou will pass the test if you study hard.
We use different verb forms in each part of a first conditional:
if clause if + subject + simple present verb
main clause subject + will + verb (future simple)
Englishby Matifmarin.
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GRAMMAR – UNIT 7
The first conditional is used to talk about things which are possible in the present or the future - things which may happen:
Example ExplanationMaybe it will be sunny – there is a possibility.
Maybe you won’t pass - there is a possibility.
Maybe it will be hungry - that's possible.
USE of the first conditional:
I think you are ready for a little test on first conditional!
Englishby Matifmarin.
If it's sunny, we'll go jogging.
You won’t pass your exam if don’t study hard.
If the baby is hungry, it'll cry.
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GRAMMAR – UNIT 7
1 If you ________ an apple every day, _________ very healthy . (eat – be)
2 If you _______ so much sugar in your coffee, you ________ a lot of weight ! (put – put on)
3 You ________ higher insurance if you ________ a sports car . (pay – buy)
4 He ________ nicer if he ________ this awful fringe. (look – cut)
5 You ________ better if you _______ the lamp. (able / see - turn on)
ACTIVITY with the FIRST CONDITIONAL:
Englishby Matifmarin.
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SUMMARY OF CONTENTSSUMMARY OF CONTENTSUNIT 7 – The Conditionals
1. eat / you’ll be
2. put / will put on
3. will pay / buy
4. will look / cuts
5. will be able / turn on
ANSWERS
Englishby Matifmarin.
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GRAMMAR – UNIT 7
2nd - The structure of a second conditional sentence (Imaginary Present or Unlikely Future)
if clause main clause
The Second Conditional expresses a hypothesis in present and can be used to talk about imaginary present situations, where we are imagining something different from what is really the case. We can also use it to talk about things in the future that are unlikely to happen, as the condition is unlikely to be met. We use the past simple in the condition part and would /could or might + bare infinitive for the result.
If I had money, I would buy a better car
if clause if + subject + past simple verb
main clause subject + would + base verb (bare infinitive)
We use different verb forms in each part of a second conditional:
→ but I don’t have money, so won’t buy it. present future
If I had the
money …
Englishby Matifmarin.
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GRAMMAR – UNIT 7
IF Condition Time Result Possibility
past simple present WOULD + base verb impossible
past simple future WOULD + base verb unlikely
If I had the time …
If I won the lottery …
…
Second Conditional: Imaginary Present or Unlikely Future
Englishby Matifmarin.
If you were my husband, I’d poison your coffee.
If I had the time, I would learn Chinese. I don't have the time, so I'm not going to learn Chinese.
If I won the lottery I would travel around the world.There's a very small chance of winning the lottery, so the trip is unlikely
If you weremy wifeI’d drink it.
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GRAMMAR – UNIT 7
□ Poor Peter! Complete the sentences with the correct verb. In the sentences where both was/were are possible, use were:
ACTIVITY with the SECOND CONDITIONAL:
(a) If Peter ____ (not/watch) so many horror films, he ____ (not/be) scared of the dark. (b) If Peter ____ (be) braver, he ____ (not/feel) frightened of thunder and lightning.(c) If Peter ____ (not/spend) so much time playing video games, he ____ (get) better grades at
school.(d) If Peter ____ (eat) healthier food, he ____ (not/be) ill so often.(e) If he ____ (not/be) ill so often, he ____ (not/miss) so many classes.(f) If his parents ____ (not/allow) him to drink so much coke, he ____ (sleep) much better.(g) If Peter ____ (sleep) better at night, he ____ (start) his day with more energy.(h) If he ____ (start) his day with more energy, he ____ (do) many more things.(i) If Peter ____ (practise) a sport, he ____ (keep) fit and healthy.(j) If he ____ (keep) fit and healthy, he ____ (feel) more confident.(k) If he ____ (feel) more confident, his self-esteem ____ (increase).(l) If his self-esteem ____ (increase), he ____ (not/have) so many problems to sleep at night.
Englishby Matifmarin.
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SUMMARY OF CONTENTSSUMMARY OF CONTENTSUNIT 7 – The Conditionals
ANSWERS
Poor Peter!(a) didn't watch / wouldn't be
(b) were / wouldn't feel
(c) didn't spend / would get
(d) ate / wouldn't be
(e) weren't / wouldn't miss
(f) didn't allow / would sleep
(g) slept / would start
(h) started / would do
(i) practised / would keep
(j) kept / would feel
(k) felt / would increase
(l) increased / would have
Englishby Matifmarin.
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GRAMMAR – UNIT 7
3rd - The structure of a third conditional sentence (Imaginary Past)
The third conditional is used when we are talking about the past and imagining something different from what actually happened:
if clause main clauseIf had known his telephone number, I would have phoned him. → but I didn’t know it, so I didn’t phone him.
past past
If I had known his number…
We use different verb forms in each part of a third conditional:
if clause if + subject + past perfect verb
main clause subject + would + present perfect verb (would + have + participle)
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GRAMMAR – UNIT 7
Third Conditional: Imaginary PastIF Condition Result Certainty
past perfect WOULD HAVE + past participle explanations
I would have helped if I had
known.
You shouldn’t
have done …
I wouldn't have touched you if I had known you
had a beard.
Englishby Matifmarin.
If
If
If
If
I had known,
I had known,
I had known,
you had known,
I would have helped.
I could have helped.
I might have helped.
you should have helped.
Although this didn't happen, the speaker is sure about the result.
Although this didn't happen, the result is only a possibility.
Although this didn't happen, the result is only a possibility.
Although this didn't happen, it is only a good suggestion or piece of advice.
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GRAMMAR – UNIT 7
ACTIVITY with the THIRD CONDITIONAL:
1. Complete the following sentences with the THIRD CONDITIONAL. Use contractions for the negative verbs:
(a) If Roberto _____ (not/lose) his job as a salesman in Madrid, he ____ (not/move) to Barcelona.(b) If he _____ (not/move) to Barcelona, he ____ (not/find) a job in Sara’s company.(c) If he ____ (not/find) a job in Sara’s company, he ____ (not/meet) Sara.(d) If he ____ (not/meet) Sara, they ____ (not/fall) in love.(e) If they ____ (not/fall) in love, they ____ (not/marry).
(1) If the weather had been better yesterday, …
2. Choose the correct ending for the following sentences:
(a) we had gone to the lake (b) we'd have gone to the lake (c) we'd had gone to the lake.
(2) If Julia had arrived on time last night, …
(a) we would have watched a film together. (b) we had watched a film together (c) we could watch a film together.
(3) If I had studied more for my exams, … (b) my grades would be better. (b) my grades would have been better (c) my grades had been better.
(4) We would have had a wonderful weekend …
(a) if it hadn't begun to rain (b) if it hadn't began to rain (c) if it would have begun to rain.
5. The party would have been more fun …(a) if my parents hadn't decided to stay (b) wouldn't have decided to stay (c) would have decidedwould have decided to stay.
Englishby Matifmarin.
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GRAMMAR – UNIT 7
ANSWERS
(a) hadn’t lost / wouldn’t have moved(b) hadn’t moved / wouldn’t have found(c) hadn’t found / wouldn’t have met(d) hadn’t met / wouldn’t have fallen(e) hadn’t fallen / wouldn’t have married
1. Complete the following sentences…
2. Choose the correct ending
1 (b)2 (a)3 (b)4 (a)5 (a)
Englishby Matifmarin.
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SUMMARY OF CONTENTSSUMMARY OF CONTENTSUNIT 7 – The Conditionals
Don’t forget to
do the activities in your course books
Both Student Book & Workbook!!
Type 1 / Real Conditions (Present / Future meaning): If + present simple, … will / can / may / must + Infinitive
Remember!!Remember!!
Type 2 Condition - Present Unreal:If + Past simple, … Would / Could / Should / Might + Infinitive
EndEnd
Englishby Matifmarin.
Type 3 Condition - Past Unreal:If + Past perfect, … Would / Could / Should / Might + Past participle
Type o / Universal truth (Present / Timeless meaning): If + present simple, … present simple
