GRAMMAR

Unit 11_New Headway_Upper-Intermediate

OUTLINE

• Hypothesizing-past and presentWish

Conditionals

Other expressions

WARM-UP ACTIVITY

• Example: I have a class today. I cannot go on a picnic with my family. I say: “ I wish I could go on a picnic with my family”.

• Write down things that you are not happy about. Tell your partner what you wish.

FORMS

• I WISH/IF ONLY + past simple– Used to express a wish or regret about a

current situation, by imagining the opposite.– Ex:

• I wish I knew the answer. (In fact, I do not know the answer)

• If only she were here . (In fact, she is not here)

FORMS

• I WISH/IF ONLY+ past perfect– Used for a past wish or regret.– Ex:

• I wish I had told my mom the truth. (I did not tell her the truth)

• If only she had been put in the same class with me. (She wasn’t put in the same class with me)

FORMS

• Notes: “Were “ is often used instead of “was” after

wish and if only.

Ex: I wish Lucy were here. As if/ As though are often used in similar

situations:

Ex: He treats me as if I were a child.

PRACTICE

Make wishes from the pictures

I wish I had

some

money with

me.

I wish I could fly

I WISH I HAD NOT EATEN SO MUCH.

PRACTICE

Express a wish or regret about these facts. Use the words in brackets.

1. I don’t speak English fluently. (wish)

2. You speak very fast. I don’t understand. (If)

3. I’m an only child. (wish)

4. We don’t have enough money for a holiday. (If only)

5. I get up at six o’clock every morning. I have to go to work. (wouldn’t/if)

6. I didn’t learn to ski until I was forty. I’m not very good. (If)

CONDITIONALS

• TYPE 0

• TYPE 1

• TYPE 2

• TYPE 3

• MIXED

• PRACTICE

TYPE 0• Used to talk about things which are always true

— such as scientific facts and general truths

• Form:

• Example:• If it rains, the grass gets wet.• Wood doesn't burn if there is no air.

If S+ simple present, S +simple present.

TYPE 1

• Used to talk about things which are possible in the present or the future — things which may happen

• Form:

• Example: • If it's sunny, we'll go to the park.• If you cook the supper, I'll wash the dishes.

If S + simple present, S + simple future (will/ shall+ V)

TYPE 2

• Used to talk about things which are unreal (not true or not possible) in the present or the future -- things which don't or won't happen

• Form:

• Example:• If I were you, I would drive more carefully in the

rain.• If I had a million dollars, I would buy a big house.

If S + simple past, S + would + V

TYPE 3

• Used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past.

• Form:

• Example:• If I had studied harder, I probably would

have passed the exam.• If you had driven more carefully, you would

not have had an accident.

If S + past perfect, S would have + V3/Ved

Mixed

• Sometimes Unreal Conditional sentences are mixed. This means that the time in the if-clause is not the same as the time in the result.

• Example:• If I had won the lottery, I would be rich.

(But I didn't win the lottery in the past and I am not rich now.)

• If I didn't have so much vacation time, I wouldn't go with you on the cruise to Alaska next week. (But I do have a lot of vacation time and I will go on the trip next week.)

PRACTICE

Form sentences from pictures using conditionals

If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils.

Water/heat to 1000/boil

sunny/ go to the park

If it is sunny, we will go to the park.

QUIZ

• Here is the fortune-teller’s predictions for a race. Who does she think will win?

Jake will come first if Howard comes third.

If Howard comes third, Pete will come second.

Pete won’t come second if Jake comes first.

Howard will come first if Pete comes third.

Pete will not come third if Jake comes second.

If Jake comes third, Pete will come first.

Howard will come second if Jake comes third.

PETE

OTHER EXPRESSIONS

• It is (high) time that S+ simple past

• If only= I wish

• I’d rather you + simple past

• I’d rather you + Past perfect

EX: •It is high time that you knew the truth.•If• only I were rich.•I’d rather you didn’t smoke. (Now you smoke)•I’d rather you hadn’t lied to me. (You lied to me)

PRACTICE

• Fill in the blank with the appropriate word(s):

1.__________I were left alone on a desert island, what would I do?

2.We ___________you came tomorrow than today.

3.It is _________they arrived.

4.__________this room were a little larger.

5.__________ it were true, what would happen?

Supposing

Supposing

If onlyhigh time

would rather