Construction Logbook: Week 10-References
-
Upload
linden-denholm -
Category
Documents
-
view
238 -
download
16
description
Transcript of Construction Logbook: Week 10-References
![Page 1: Construction Logbook: Week 10-References](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020209/568c0e941a28ab955a90fcdb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ENVS 10003 CONSTRUCTION LOG BOOK
141
Week 10: When Things Go Wrong eLearnings
• Elasticity and Stress • Lateral Loads • Strategies to Resist lateral loads • Environmental Awareness and Economic Efficiency of Materials • Unsuitable Materials
![Page 2: Construction Logbook: Week 10-References](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020209/568c0e941a28ab955a90fcdb/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
ENVS 10003 CONSTRUCTION LOG BOOK
142
eLearnings When things Go Wrong
Elasticity and Stress -Each material has distinct properties of strength, elasticity and stiffness, The most effective materials are those that combine elasticity with stiffness -Elasticity-the ability to deform under stress-bend, stretch or compress-and return to its original shape with the applied stress removed. -Every material has an elasticity threshold-beyond this limit it will break or permanently deform. -Materials that undergo deformation before actually breaking are termed ductile -Stiffness is a meaner of the force required to push or pull a material to its elastic limit. -A materials stiffness, along with its cross sectional stiffness are important factors when considering the relationship between span and deflection under loads Practical Considerations -The dimensional stability of a material as it responds to changes in temperature and moisture content affects the manner in which it is detailed and constructed to join with other materials -The thermal conductivity or resistance of a material determines its resistance to wear and abrasion, its durability in use, and the cost required to maintain it -The ability of a material to resist combustion or withstand exposure to fire, and not produce smoke or toxic gasses, must be evaluated before using it as a structural member or an interior finish
http://www.etomica.org/app/modules/sites/MaterialFracture/Images/SSPicture2.jpg
![Page 3: Construction Logbook: Week 10-References](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020209/568c0e941a28ab955a90fcdb/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
ENVS 10003 CONSTRUCTION LOG BOOK
143
Lateral Forces Wind and earthquake forces have different effects or structures: Wind Force is a function of the size of the exposed surface area to the amount of wind action -Minimum active value at the base -Maximum active value at the top -Effects cantilevered structures for severely as they have reduced vertical support Earthquakes Force is a function of the amount of mass above a foundation system -Forces become exaggerated when the structure is tall and narrow -Seismic forces act at the base and can abruptly reverse direction during quake
http://www.mikeroselli.net/mikeroselli/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/141.png
ttp://www.propertyrisk.com/images/fig4.gif
![Page 4: Construction Logbook: Week 10-References](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020209/568c0e941a28ab955a90fcdb/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
ENVS 10003 CONSTRUCTION LOG BOOK
144
Strategies to Resist Lateral Forces Structural Bracing and Sheers Diaphragms -Bracing of the structure and diaphragms/sheer walls-transmits loads to cross braced walls
http://timber.ce.wsu.edu/Supplements/nau/tutorial1/images/frame.gif
Moment joints -Flexible joints allow for increased movement and compensation for lateral forces-increases structural elasticity
http://classes.mst.edu/concept/14/02/14/05.gif
http://pressurevesseltech.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/data/Journals/JPVTAS/927509/pvt_135_05_055001_f017.png
http://www.architecturebd.com/contech/08.jpg
![Page 5: Construction Logbook: Week 10-References](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020209/568c0e941a28ab955a90fcdb/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
ENVS 10003 CONSTRUCTION LOG BOOK
145
Structural Separations -Can be used for irregular construction; where one end may be effected more than the other when a lateral load is applied
https://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S03/is.3414.1968/is.3414.1968_22_01.jpg
http://iranmemari.com/images/SSP-R.gif
![Page 6: Construction Logbook: Week 10-References](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020209/568c0e941a28ab955a90fcdb/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
ENVS 10003 CONSTRUCTION LOG BOOK
146
Moment Resisting Frames -Where the horizontal and the vertical reinforcing of a structure act together to resist lateral loads
http://massimilianomannodotcom.files.wordpress.com/2014/04/ny-struttura.jpg?w=940
![Page 7: Construction Logbook: Week 10-References](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020209/568c0e941a28ab955a90fcdb/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
ENVS 10003 CONSTRUCTION LOG BOOK
147
SBI -Seismic Base Isolator-separates the structure from the ground through a series of foundation plates composed of a lead core and rubber and steel plates
http://www.bridgestone.com/products/diversified/antiseismic10.gif
http://www.seismicisolation.com/sites/default/files/base-isolation-elements.jpg
![Page 8: Construction Logbook: Week 10-References](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020209/568c0e941a28ab955a90fcdb/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
ENVS 10003 CONSTRUCTION LOG BOOK
148
Specific Selection of Materials with Environmental Awareness and Economic Efficiency Environmental Considerations: The Material Life Cycle
• Extraction process -Renewable or nonrenewable?
• Processing of raw materials manufacturing -How much energy and water is required?
• Packaging -How much energy and water is required? -Is it over packaged?
• Transportation -Proximity to destination -Availability locally or shipped from a distance?
• Usage -Does the material perform as intended function efficiently and effectively?
• Maintenance -How durable is the material or product and does it require frequent maintenance? -How does the material affect the indoor air quality
• Recycling/disposal -Toxic by-products? -Waterborne effluents -Atmospheric emissions -Solid wastes
http://etool.net.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/etool-LCA-graphic.jpg
![Page 9: Construction Logbook: Week 10-References](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020209/568c0e941a28ab955a90fcdb/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
ENVS 10003 CONSTRUCTION LOG BOOK
149
Material Selection Relies On:
• Health and IEQ-Indoor Environment Quality -choose material that is healthy on an every day basis-more comfort equals more
productivity -reduced VOC-volatile organic compounds -minimise dust capture capabilities -minimum cleaning process • Waste/Recycling/Recycled -renewable resources-bamboo floors rather • Energy Use and Embodied Energy -low embodied energy -low transport cost-Australian made • Pollution -minimise waste-low embodied toxins -production process may be environmental damaging -organic and natural materials • Life Cycle -economic efficiency in maintenance and recycle -design with purpose and durability
http://www.glazette.com/fck/editor/userfiles/green-buildings1(4).jpg
![Page 10: Construction Logbook: Week 10-References](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020209/568c0e941a28ab955a90fcdb/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
ENVS 10003 CONSTRUCTION LOG BOOK
150
Unsuitable Materials Case study on Beach house -Cracking north facing fascia board due to irregular heat transfer-was painted black on one side and this caused warping and deflection -Zinc-aluminum cladding glued to a plywood base was used to resist corrosion -Glue was insufficient structural material-started to blister due to extreme heat exposure -Glue not a suitable method for construction in these circumstances-caused mass delamination between plywood and corrosive resistant coating -Structure was re-clad with marine grade plywood, -Clad over the top of old material and problems arose due to condensation and chemical reaction (galvanic reaction) between the zinc aluminum cladding and plywood Summary: Material needs to be suitable for the required performance in a particular environment Material and construction technique requires constant performance over the life and duration of the structure The Statue of Liberty -Copper oxidization of exterior -Corrosion of the Iron rib structure and the copper skin -metal compatibility- dissimilar metals react and corrode-Galvanic Reaction -Similar metal resist corrosion -Iron ribs replaced with Stainless Steel and Teflon coat Note: For non-corrosive construction, metals must be similar; close to each other on the chart. The greater the distance between the metals the greater the corrosive reaction.
![Page 11: Construction Logbook: Week 10-References](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020209/568c0e941a28ab955a90fcdb/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
ENVS 10003 CONSTRUCTION LOG BOOK
151
References All information was sourced and adapted from
• Ching, Francis D.K., (2008)., building construction illustrated., 4th ed., New York: Wiley.
Images are referenced individually All images that are not referenced were taken by myself on site of construction