Construction Equipments & Management

UNIT 4 – CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENTS & MANAGEMENT

Namesh Killemsetty ^ Construction Planning and Management : Construction Equipments & Management^ Sem 6 (2014) ,Civil @ OPJIT

Construction Equipments & Management

CONSTRUCTION PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT

• Classification of construction equipments.

• The Cost of Equipment in a project varies from 10 to 30% of the total project depending upon the extent of work.

• The role of construction equipments in roads, highways, large building, dams, canal etc., will play important role.

INTRODUCTION



Group A : Earthmoving Equipments

*Earthmoving equipment is used in the construction industry to :

- shift large amounts of earth,

- dig foundations and landscape areas.

*Types of earthmoving equipment include hydraulic excavators, bulldozers, compressors and loaders.





Types of Earthmoving Equipments

1. Production Equipment :

Equipment used for digging, moving the material to the site of construction or to the crushing plant.

2. Service Equipment :

These are for the help of main production equipment to achieve optimum capacity.

A1 : Excavators



A1 : Excavators • Excavators are heavy construction equipment consisting of a

boom, stick, bucket and cab on a rotating platform (known as the "house").

• Excavators are also called diggers

• Excavators are used in many ways: • Digging of trenches, holes, foundations • Material handling • Forestry work • Demolition • Heavy lift, e.g. lifting and placing of pipes • Mining, especially, but not only open-pit mining • River dredging • Driving piles, in conjunction with a pile driver



A2 : loaders

A loader is a heavy equipment machine often used in construction, primarily used to Load material (such as asphalt, demolition debris, dirt, snow, feed, gravel, logs, raw minerals, recycled material, rock, sand, and woodchips) into or onto another type of machinery (such as a dump truck, conveyor belt, feed-hopper, or railcar).



A3 : Skid steer loaders • A skid loader or skid-steer

loader is a small rigid frame, engine-powered machine with lift arms used to attach a wide variety of labor-saving tools or attachments.

• Though sometimes they are equipped with tracks, skid-steer loaders are typically four-wheel vehicles



A4 : graders • A grader, also commonly

referred to as a road grader, a blade, a maintainer, or a motor grader, is a construction machine with a long blade used to create a flat surface.

• In civil engineering, the grader's purpose is to "finish grade" (refine, set precisely) the "rough grading" performed by heavy equipment or engineering vehicles such as scrapers and bulldozers.

• Graders are commonly used in the construction and maintenance of dirt roads and gravel roads.



A5 : backhoe

• A backhoe, also called a rear actor or back actor, is a piece of excavating equipment or digger consisting of a digging bucket on the end of a two-part articulated arm. They are typically mounted on the back of a tractor or front loader.



A5 : backhoe • The section of the arm closest to the

vehicle is known as the boom, and the section which carries the bucket is known as the dipper or dipper stick (the terms "boom" and "dipper" having been used previously on steam shovels).

• The boom is attached to the vehicle through a pivot known as the kingpost, which allows the arm to slew left and right, usually through a total of around 200 degrees. Modern backhoes are powered by hydraulics.



A6 : bulldozers

• A bulldozer is a crawler (continuous tracked tractor) equipped with a substantial metal plate (known as a blade) used to push large quantities of soil, sand, rubble, or other such material during construction or conversion work and typically equipped at the rear with a claw-like device (known as a ripper) to loosen densely-compacted materials.



A7 : trenchers • Trenchers, or ditchers as they

are sometimes called, are similar to excavators in the sense that they penetrate the earth, breaking soil and rock, and remove it from the ground.

• They differ from excavators in that the soil is removed in one continuous movement.

• Trenchers are specifically used for digging trenches for pipes, but other machines have been improvised in the past to serve this purpose.



Group b : construction vehicles

* Engineering or Construction vehicles are heavy-duty vehicles, specially designed for executing construction (Civil engineering) tasks, most frequently, ones involving earth moving.



B1 : Dumpers

• A dumper is a vehicle designed for carrying bulk material, often on building sites.



B2 : tippers

• A truck or lorry the rear platform of which can be raised at the front end to enable the load to be discharged by gravity also called tip truck.



B2 : tippers

• Tippers are suited for the rough and tumble of mining & quarrying operations, as well as for carrying bulk loads in construction and infrastructure industries.

• Complete maneuverability, high performance and long-term endurance are common to all trucks, resulting in lower operating costs.



B3 : trailers

• A trailer is generally an unpowered vehicle pulled by a powered vehicle.

• Commonly, the term trailer refers to such vehicles used for transport of goods and materials.



Group c : material handling equipments



c1 : cranes • A crane is a type of machine,

generally equipped with a hoist, wire ropes or chains, and sheaves, that can be used both to lift and lower materials and to move them horizontally.

• Cranes are commonly employed in the transport industry for the loading and unloading of freight, in the construction industry for the movement of materials and in the manufacturing industry for the assembling of heavy equipment.



c2 : conveyors • A conveyor system is a

common piece of mechanical handling equipment that moves materials from one location to another.

• Conveyors are especially useful in applications involving the transportation of heavy or bulky materials.

• Conveyor systems allow quick and efficient transportation for a wide variety of materials, which make them very popular in the material handling and packaging industries



c2 : conveyors



c3 : forklifts • A forklift truck (also called a

lift truck, a fork truck, a forklift, or a tow-motor) is a powered industrial truck used to lift and transport materials.

• Forklift trucks are available in many variations and load capacities. In a typical warehouse setting most forklifts used have load capacities between one to five tons.

• Larger machines, up to 50 tons lift capacity are used for lifting heavier loads,



c4 : hoists • A hoist is a device used for lifting

or lowering a load by means of a drum or lift-wheel around which rope or chain wraps.

• It may be manually operated, electrically or pneumatically driven and may use chain, fiber or wire rope as its lifting medium. The load is attached to the hoist by means of a lifting hook

• The purpose is being to carry personnel, materials, and equipment quickly between the ground and higher floors, or between floors in the middle of a structure.



Group d : construction equipments



d1 : tunneling and handling equipments

• A tunnel boring machine (TBM) also known as a "mole", is a machine used to excavate tunnels with a circular cross section through a variety of soil and rock strata.

• They can bore through anything from hard rock to sand. Tunnel diameters can range from a meter (done with micro-TBMs) to 19.25 m to date.

• Tunnels of less than a meter or so in diameter are typically done using trenchless construction methods or horizontal directional drilling rather than TBMs.



d2 : concrete mixers • A concrete mixer (also commonly

called a cement mixer) is a device that homogeneously combines cement, aggregate such as sand or gravel, and water to form concrete.

• A typical concrete mixer uses a revolving drum to mix the components.

• For smaller volume works portable concrete mixers are often used so that the concrete can be made at the construction site, giving the workers ample time to use the concrete before it hardens.



d2 :transit mixers • Special concrete transport trucks

(in–transit mixers) are made to transport and mix concrete up to the construction site.

• They can be charged with dry materials and water, with the mixing occurring during transport. With this process, the material has already been mixing.

• The concrete mixing transport truck maintains the material's liquid state through agitation, or turning of the drum, until delivery.



d3 : compactors • A compactor is a machine or

mechanism used to reduce the size of waste material or soil through compaction.

• In construction, there are three main types of compactor: the plate compactor, the "Jumping Jack" and the road roller.

• The roller type compactors are used for compacting crushed rock as the base layer underneath concrete or stone foundations or slabs.



d3 : compactors • The plate compactor has a large

vibrating base plate and is suited for creating a level grade, while the jumping jack compactor has a smaller foot. The jumping jack type is mainly used to compact the backfill in narrow trenches for water or gas supply pipes etc. Road rollers may also have vibrating rollers.



d4 : pavers • A paver (paver finisher, asphalt

finisher, paving machine) is an engineering vehicle used to lay asphalt on roadways. It is normally fed by a dump truck.

• A separate machine, a roller, is then used to press the hot asphalt mix, resulting a smooth, even surface.

• The sub-base being prepared by use of a grader to trim crushed stone to profile after rolling.



d6 : road roller

• A road roller (sometimes called a roller-compactor, or just roller) is a compactor type engineering vehicle used to compact soil, gravel, concrete, or asphalt in the construction of roads and foundations, similar rollers are used also at landfills or in agriculture.



d7 : stone crushers • A crusher is a machine designed

to reduce large rocks into smaller rocks, gravel, or rock dust.

• Crushers may be used to reduce the size, or change the form, of waste materials so they can be more easily disposed of or recycled, or to reduce the size of a solid mix of raw materials (as in rock ore), so that pieces of different composition can be differentiated.



d7 : stone crushers



d8 : slurry&heavy duty pumps • A pump is a device used to move

fluids, such as liquids, gases or slurries. A pump displaces a volume by physical or mechanical action.

• A Slurry pump is a type of centrifugal pump in physics principle that increases the pressure of liquid and solid particle mixture (aka slurry), through centrifugal force (a rotating impeller) and converts electrical energy into slurry potential and kinetic energy.



Construction Equipments & Management

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