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Transcript of Constitution
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United States Constitution
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1781 Articles of Confederation1797 Constitution
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Articles of Confederation Weaknesses
• 1) Under the Articles there was only a unicameral legislature so that there was no separation of powers.
• 2) The central government under the Articles was too weak since the majority of the power rested with the states.
• 3) Congress, under the Articles, did not have the power to tax which meant that they could never put their finances in order.
• 4) In order to change or amend the Articles, unanimous approval of the states was required which essentially meant that changes to the Articles were impossible.
• 5) For any major laws to pass they had to be approved by 9 or the 13 states which proved difficult to do so that even the normal business of running a government was difficult.
• 6) Under the Articles, Congress did not have the power to regulate commerce which will cause competition between states as well as diplomatic issues,
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Written 1787Approved 1788
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The ultimate strength of the U.S. Constitution is that it not only establishes a government, but it establishes a government which, to use Thomas Jefferson's words, can "govern itself."
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PREAMBLE (Introduction) - Explains that the Constitution proposes to establish a more perfect government complete with justice, tranquility, and liberty ARTICLE I - Establishes the Legislative Branch (House of Representatives and the Senate).
ARTICLE II - Establishes the Executive Branch (headed by the President).
ARTICLE III - Establishes the Judicial Branch (a system of courts and judges).
ARTICLE IV - Establishes the relationship between the states and the federal government. Describes how to admit new states to the Union.
ARTICLE V - Describes how to amend the Constitution.
ARTICLE VI - Establishes the Constitution as the supreme law of the USA. Authorizes the national debt (Congress can borrow money). Public officials must take an oath to support the Constitution.
ARTICLE VII - Lists the requirements for ratification of the Constitution.
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AMENDMENTS 1-10 (THE *BILL OF RIGHTS**) (added in 1791) - Preserves the rights of the people.Amendment 1 - Freedom of religion, press, speechAmendment 2 - Right to bear armsAmendment 3 - Limits the quartering of soldiersAmendment 4 - Search and seizure of propertyAmendment 5 - Right to a trial if accused, no self-incrimination required, no double-jeopardy (you cannot be tried twice for the same crime), right to compensation for takings by gov't.Amendment 6 - Right to a speedy trial by jury and confrontation of witnessesAmendment 7 - Right to a trial by jury in civil casesAmendment 8 - Prohibits cruel and unusual punishmentAmendment 9 - People may have other rights, even if they are not listed hereAmendment 10 - The federal government's powers are limited to those listed in the Constitution
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AMENDMENTS 11-27Amendment 11 (1798) - Judicial limitsAmendment 12 (1804) - Method for choosing the President, Vice PresidentAmendment 13 (1865) - Abolished slaveryAmendment 14 (1868) - Rights of citizenship to all people born in USA or naturalizedAmendment 15 (1870) - Gives the right to vote to all citizens, regardless of color or race, but women are not mentionedAmendment 16 (1913) - Income tax authorizedAmendment 17 (1913) - Senators elected by the popular voteAmendment 18 (1919) - Prohibition - Liquor prohibitedAmendment 19 (1920) - Women's suffrage (voting rights)Amendment 20 (1933) - New terms of office for the President and CongressAmendment 21 (1933) - Amendment 18 repealed (overturned)Amendment 22 (1951) - Presidential term limitedAmendment 23 (1961) - Presidential vote given to Washington, D. C.Amendment 24 (1964) - Poll taxes barred (you cannot charge people to vote)Amendment 25 (1967) - Presidential disability and successionAmendment 26 (1971) - Voting age lowered to 18 years old (same as the age at which men can be drafted into the army)Amendment 27 (1992) - Congressional pay increases go into effect only during the next Congressional session. Worksheets and
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What can the gov’t do and not do?
• In your notebook list five things the Constitution states the government can and can’t do
• List the Article, section for each one
• Do not list any Amendments
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ARTICLE I - House of Representatives and the Senate
ARTICLE II - President
ARTICLE III - Establishes the Judicial Branch
ARTICLE IV - Establishes the relationship between the states and the federal government. Describes how to admit new states to the Union.
ARTICLE V - Describes how to make changes to the Constitution.
ARTICLE VI - Establishes the Constitution as the supreme law of the USA. Authorizes the national debt (Congress can borrow money). Public officials must take an oath to support the Constitution.
ARTICLE VII - Lists the requirements for ratification of the Constitution.