The American Constitution Constitution Test 10/24/2014.
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Transcript of The American Constitution Constitution Test 10/24/2014.
Republic
• Republic: A government in which citizens rule through elected representatives
• Monarchy: A government in which….
Weaknesses of Articles of Confederation
• States had too much power
• Congress was too weak
• No national army/navy
• Only white people count (pop.)
• President only has 1 year term
• Executive is WEAK
• 9/13 need to agree
• No federal court system
• NOT united
• “Confederacy”
(Pg. 140) Big Question: Why was the Constitution drafted?
• Topic: Why did Nationalists want to strengthen the government?
• Sub-Topic: Call for Convention
• VIP: Only 5 states went to the first convention
• VIP: Shay’s Rebellion convinced more states to attend
• Sub-Topic: Convention Highlights• VIP: Held in Philly in 1787
• VIP: 55 delegates—well educated men
Groups for textbook VIPs (Pg. 142-144)
• #1: Big States Versus Small States
• #2: Slavery-Related Issues
• #3: Division of Powers
• #4: Separation of Powers
• #5: Creating the Constitution
Textbook Review
Big States vs. Small States• Delegates from the small states
objected to the Virginia Plan because it gave more power to states with large populations
• Great Compromise offered a 2-house Congress to satisfy both big and small states
Textbook Review
Slavery and Related Issues• Questions about whether
slaves are counted as people
• 3/5 Compromise: slaves count as 3/5 of a person
• A division between North & South
Textbook Review
Division of Powers• Federalism divided power between
national government and state governments
• Powers that control foreign affairs, national defense, regulating trade, and money national gov’t
• Power to control education, marry people, and trade within the state state gov’t
Textbook Review
Separation of Powers• Created 3 branches: Legislative,
Executive, and Judicial
• Established a system of checks and balances to prevent one branch from dominating the others
• Delegates in Congress protected the rights of the states
Textbook Review
Creating the Constitution• Delegates provided a means
to change the Constitution: amendment process
• GW was uncertain about the Constitution
• They sent the final draft to Congress for approval
Textbook ReviewBig States vs. Small States
• Madison’s Virginia Plan favored large states (representation based on population)
• The New Jersey Plan favored small states (equal representation regardless of population)
• Great Compromise made a bicameral legislature
Textbook Review
Slavery Related Issues• Representation based on
population raised the question—are slaves counted as people?
• 3/5 Compromise said 3/5 of slaves would be counted
Textbook Review
Division of Powers• Federalism: political system that
divided power between national government and state government
• National Government: Foreign affairs, money, trade
• State Government: Trade within state, education, marriages, LOCAL issues
Separation of Powers• Made the 3 branches of
government: Executive, Legislative, Judicial
• Checks and balances—so one branch can’t dominate
• Electoral college would decide elections
Creating the Constitution• 4 months of debate
• GW didn’t think it would last
• Constitution sent to Congress for approval (ratification)
Problems of Population
• 1. What problems will population differences cause in the new government?
• 2. Why does the slave population matter in terms of the new government?
• What was the 3/5 Compromise? How did it help to solve the issue of determining state population?
• 3. What was the Great Compromise? How did the Great Compromise help to solve the issue of different populations in states?
Population
• Population different levels of representation *voting* in Congress
• PROBLEM: need to settle the NJ vs. VA Plan debate for representation
• SOLUTION: Great Compromise *BICAMERAL LEGISLATURE*
• PROBLEM: slaves didn’t count as people, but Southern states had many slaves
• SOLUTION: 3/5 Compromise *3/5 of slaves count toward population*
Homework: Read and complete the VIP outline process for pages 145-146
• Big Question: What were the main issues Americans debated about the proposed Constitution
• Topic: Who were the federalists and antifederalists?
• Sub-Topic: Controversies over the Constitution• VIP
• Sub-Topic: The Opposing Forces• VIP
Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists: Use your notes to answer the following questions
• 1. What does ‘ratification’ mean?
• 2. Who were the Federalists? What did they believe?
• 3. Who were the Anti-Federalists? What did they believe?
• 4. Who wrote the Federalist Papers? What did the papers say?
Bill of Rights (Pg. 147)
• Why was this necessary for ratification?
• Bill of Rights: formal statement of the rights of the people
• This allowed anti-federalists and federalists to agree to ratify (approve) the new Constitution
The Legislative Branch
• Turn to Page 154-155
• Read the Sections ARTICLE 1 to answer the questions in the packet
• ARTICLE 1 is about the LEGISLATURE
#23: Steps to make a bill into a law
• Overview:
• Bill arises in Congress
• Both houses of Congress discuss/debate
• Both houses agree on one draft
• Both houses send the one draft to the President
• President approves or vetoes
#24: Sections 8-9 of Article 1
• The Elastic Clause: (clause 18) “necessary and proper”
• Declaration of War: Congressional power
• Habeas Corpus: “you have the body”—you can’t be arrested or jailed without reason; you can appear in court to plead your case
• Ex Post Facto law: after the fact