Conservation Management Zones of Australia - Brigalow Woodlands

Conservation Management Zones of AustraliaBrigalow Woodlands

Prepared by the Department of the Environment

Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Brigalow Woodlands

AcknowledgementsThis project and its associated products are the result of collaboration between the Department of the Environment’s Biodiversity Conservation Division and the Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN). Invaluable input, advice and support were provided by staff and leading researchers from across the Department of Environment (DotE), Department of Agriculture (DoA), the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) and the academic community. We would particularly like to thank staff within the Wildlife, Heritage and Marine Division, Parks Australia and the Environment Assessment and Compliance Division of DotE; Nyree Stenekes and Robert Kancans (DoA), Sue McIntyre (CSIRO), Richard Hobbs (University of Western Australia), Michael Hutchinson (ANU); David Lindenmayer and Emma Burns (ANU); and Gilly Llewellyn, Martin Taylor and other staff from the World Wildlife Fund for their generosity and advice.

Special thanks to CSIRO researchers Kristen Williams and Simon Ferrier whose modelling of biodiversity patterns underpinned identification of the Conservation Management Zones of Australia.

Image CreditsFront Cover: Carnarvon Gorge National Park – Photo by Dan Proud, www.danproud.com.auPage 4: Northern hairy-nosed wombat (Lasiorhinus krefftii) – Darren JewPage 10: Relic bottle tree (Brachychiton rupestris) amongst brigalow scrub near Barcaldine – Allan FoxPage 14: Giant pink slug (Triboniophorus aff. graeffei), Mt Kaputar National Park – R Cleary Sean Australia/OEHPage 16: Rufous Bettong (Aepyprymnus rufescens) – Bernard DupontPage 18: Grass trees (Xanthorrhoea glauca subspecies angustifolia), Warrumbungle National Park – Richard Lukacz1: Pilliga Mouse, Poolkoo (Pseudomys pilligaensis) – Justin McDowellPage 22: Star Finch (Neochmia ruficauda) – JJ HarrisonPage 25: Ornamental Snake (Denisonia maculata) – Steve WilsonPage 32: Yakka skinks (Egernia rugosa) – Steve WilsonPage 33: Eucalyptus woodlands with a tussock grass understorey, Bimble box (Eucalyptus populnea) – Wendy Hawes @ The Envirofactor Page 34: Brigalow forests and woodlands (Acacia harpophylla) – Murray FaggPage 35: Eucalyptus woodlands with a shrubby understorey, Mount Kaputar National Park – Jessica Stokes/OEHPage 36: Eucalyptus open forests with a grassy understorey (Corymbia citriodora) – Brooker and KleinigPage 37: Eucalyptus open woodlands with a grassy understorey (Eucalyptus microcarpa) – R.W. PurdiePage 38: Other Acacia forests and woodlands (Acacia pendula) – Murray FaggPage 39: Blue grass (Dichanthium) and tall bunch grass (Chrysopogon) tussock grasslands – Department of the EnvironmentPage 40: Dry rainforest or vine thickets (Brachychiton rupestris) – Murray FaggBack Cover: Carnarvon Gorge National Park – Photo by Dan Proud, www.danproud.com.au

© Commonwealth of Australia, 2015.

The Conservation Management Zones of Australia profile is licensed by the Commonwealth of Australia for use under a Creative Commons By Attribution 3.0 Australia licence with the exception of the Coat of Arms of the Commonwealth of Australia, the logo of the agency responsible for publishing the report, content supplied by third parties, and any images depicting people.

For licence conditions see here.

www.danproud.com.au

www.danproud.com.au

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/

Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Brigalow Woodlands

Contents

Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners and Country ��2

Introduction ��2

Zone at a glance ��3

Population characteristics ��6

Employment, volunteering and incomes ��9

Agriculture, Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice ��11

Land tenure, land use, Native Title and Local Government Areas �� 13

Zone vegetation characteristics�� 15

Nationally Important Wetlands ��17

World and National Heritage �� 18

Major National Reserve System properties �� 19

EPBC Act (1999) threatened ecological communities �� 20

EPBC Act (1999) threatened species �� 21

EPBC Act (1999) migratory species �� 26

Threatened endemic species �� 27

Invasive species �� 29

Vegetation profiles and management recommendations �� 32

2 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Arid Shrublands and Desert

The Australian Government acknowledges Australia’s Traditional Owners and pays respect to Elders past and present of our nation’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities� We honour the deep spiritual, cultural and customary connections of Traditional Owners to the Australian landscape, including Australia’s waterways, land and sea country�

Introduction The 23 Conservation Management Zones of Australia are geographic areas, classified according to their ecological and threat characteristics. The zones are also aligned with the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation of Australia.

The Conservation Management Zones provide a way of understanding Australia’s natural environment that will assist in long-term conservation planning and help the Australian Government to better design, deliver and report on Natural Resource Management (NRM) investments, including ensuring alignment of national NRM priorities with local action.

The Conservation Management Zones also provide a filter through which to make national environmental and socio-economic data more accessible and comprehensible, and a framework for gathering on-ground knowledge and expertise about the environment. This will improve information flow to the Australian Government about regional NRM requirements, best practice management, emerging NRM issues and knowledge gaps.

The Conservation Management Zones do not represent any change to existing administrative boundaries or governance structures, but aim to support the NRM and wider community to cooperatively manage environmental assets across boundaries, where they share common threats, ecological characteristics and stakeholders.

Each Conservation Management Zone profile contains a standard suite of nationally available ecological and socio-economic information. We hope that this information will enable Australians of all ages and backgrounds to engage with, understand and appreciate Australian landscapes, and support all Australians to manage our natural resources more effectively.

The profile information provides an indicative, high-level stock-take of the environmental and socio-economic landscape and it is not intended to be comprehensive. It should also be noted that, at present, the profiles contain only limited information on aquatic ecosystems, coastal assets and Indigenous land management practices. In future, consultation and comprehensive literature reviews will enable us to provide more complete information.

Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners and Country

3 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Brigalow Woodlands

Zone at a glance

Area of zone: 34,219,347 hectares

% of Australia:

4.45%1.25 people per square kilometre

Population density:

Zone population characteristics

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

450,568

Tota

l

Engl

ish a

s a

seco

nd

lang

uage

Indi

geno

us

Ove

r 65

Yout

h (1

5–24

)

Num

ber o

f peo

ple

Zone employment characteristics

96.5%

3.5%

UnemployedEmployed

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data


Major cities and towns Population

Dalby 10,861

Dubbo 32,335

Emerald 12,896

Tamworth 36,160

Toowoomba 96,221

Warwick 13,371

Rural centres PopulationBiloela 5,809Blackwater 4,846Calliope 3,058Chinchilla 4,774Coonabarabran 2,566Dysart 3,010Gracemere 7,576Gunnedah 7,901Highfields 7,947Moranbah 8,624Moree 7,722Mount Morgan 2,557Narrabri 4,040Oakey 4,299

Natural Resource Management (NRM) regions

Hunter Local Land Services NSW

Central Tablelands Local Land Services NSW

Central West Local Land Services NSW

North West Local Land Services NSW

Northern Tablelands Local Land Services NSW

Queensland Murray Darling Basin Committee Inc QLD

Burnett Mary Regional Group for NRM QLD

Condamine Alliance QLD

Fitzroy Basin Association QLDNQ Dry Tropics Group Inc QLD

Top five agricultural commodities Value per annum

Beef $1,344m

Cereals for grain $881m

Other broadacre crops $623m

Poultry $207m

Vegetables for consumption $204mTotal value of agricultural commodities $4,254m

Climate characteristics*

Mean annual temperature 19.6 Celsius

Mean Maximum of the Hottest Month 32.7 Celsius

Mean Minimum of the Coldest Month 4.6 Celsius

Mean Annual Rainfall 634.9mm

Dominant rainfall season Summer

* The figures are interpolated 75-year means (1921 to 1995) representing the period prior to the onset of rapid climatic warming. Cited in: Williams KJ, Belbin L, Austin MP, Stein J, Ferrier S (2012) Which environmental variables should I use in my biodiversity model? International Journal of Geographic Information Sciences 26(11), 2009–2047. (Data derived from Australian Climate surfaces version 2.1 for the ANUCLIM-BIOCLIM package).

For future climate projections please refer to: http://www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/


http://www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/


Native Title area

3%

97%

Other areaNative Title area

National Reserve System area

5%

95%

Other areaNRS area

Native vegetation clearance level

43.9%56.1%

Uncleared (ha)Cleared (ha)

Number of threatened species by class

133

14

15

16

5 4

1

FishFrogs

ReptilesPlants Birds

Other

Mammals

Status of EPBC Act listed threatened species, communities and migratory species

0 28 56 84 112 140

120

61

28

8

11Threatened ecologicalcommunities

Migratory species

Critically endangered species

Endangered species

Vulnerable species

Source: Based on data from the National Native Title Register; Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database (CAPAD); National Vegetation Information System (NVIS); Species’ Profile and Threats Database (SPRAT).


Population

Population characteristics

Population by age group

22%

13%32%

19%

65 years and over40–64 years

15–24 years0–14 years 25–39 years

14%

Indigenous population by age group

37%

18%

4%

22%

19%


15–24 years0–14 years 25–39 years

Farmer and farm managers by age group

18%

2%

24%

56%


25–39 years15–24 years

Gender of farmers and farm managers

10,731

4,570

FemaleMale



Languages spoken at home

English 91.43%

Other languages 3.01%

Not stated 5.47%

Non-English languages spoken at home*

Northern European (including Scandinavia, Celtic, Germanic, Dutch)Southern European

Eastern European

Central Asian, Turkic, Iranic and Semitic

Southern Asian, Dravidan and Indo-Ayran

South-East Asian

East Asian

Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander

African

Paci�c / Oceanic

Sign language

7.36% 15.93%

7.62%

14.32%

14.29%

5.06%

1.12%

0.79%0.72%

* Please note, these �gures are based on the proportion of the population who indicated in the 2011 ABS Census that they spoke a language other than English at home.

3.80%

11.30%

18.49%

Indigenous languages spoken at home**

8%

3%

15%

70%

Arnhem Land and Daly River Region Languages

Cape York Peninsula Languages

Torres Strait Island Languages

Northern Desert Fringe Area Languages

Other Australian Indigenous Languages

** Please note, these �gures are based on the proportion of the population who indicated in the 2011 ABS Census that they spoke an Indigenous language at home.

4%



Education

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%



Highest level of educational attainment – total population

Inad

equa

tely

des

crib

ed/N

ot st

ated

No

Educ

atio

nal A

ttai

nmen

t

Scho

ol Y

ears

10

or b

elow

Scho

ol Y

ears

11

and

12

Cert

i�ca

te L

evel

Bach

elor

Deg

ree/

Adva

nced

Dip

lom

a an

d D

iplo

ma

Post

grad

uate

Deg

ree/

Gra

duat

eD

iplo

ma

& G

radu

ate

Cert

i�ca

te

Highest level of educational attainment – Indigenous community

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Inad

equa

tely

des

crib

ed/N

ot st

ated

No

Educ

atio

nal A

ttai

nmen

t

Scho

ol Y

ears

10

or b

elow

Scho

ol Y

ears

11

and

12

Cert

i�ca

te L

evel

Bach

elor

Deg

ree/

Adva

nced

Dip

lom

a an

d D

iplo

ma

Post

grad

uate

Deg

ree/

Gra

duat

eD

iplo

ma

& G

radu

ate

Cert

i�ca

te



0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%



Highest level of educational attainment – farmers and farm managers

Inad

equa

tely

des

crib

ed/N

ot st

ated

No

Educ

atio

nal A

ttai

nmen

t

Scho

ol Y

ears

10

or b

elow

Scho

ol Y

ears

11

and

12

Cert

i�ca

te L

evel

Bach

elor

Deg

ree/

Adva

nced

Dip

lom

a an

d D

iplo

ma

Post

grad

uate

Deg

ree/

Gra

duat

eD

iplo

ma

& G

radu

ate

Cert

i�ca

te

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

Post-school quali�cation types*

15–2

4 ye

ars o

ld

25–3

9 ye

ars o

ld

40–6

4 ye

ars o

ld

65 y

ears

an

d ab

ove

Natural and Physical Sciences

Agriculture, Environmental and Related Studies

Health and education

Architecture, building, society and culture and creative arts

Information Technology, Management and Commerce and service industries

* Please note, this table omits quali�cations of mixed �eld, quali�cations that are not adequately described, and information relating to census respondents who have not stated their quali�cation or are not applicable (i.e. Not of age to have post-school quali�cation).



Employment

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Employment status of general population*

65 y

ears

and

abov

e

15–2

4 ye

ars o

ld

40–6

4 ye

ars o

ld

25–3

9 ye

ars o

ld

Employed

Unemployed

Not in labour force or not stated

* Please note the % �gures are relative to each of the age groupings of the population. The categories above are aggregates of the following Australian Bureau of Statistics categories: Employed = Employed full-time; Employed part-time; and Employed away from work. Unemployed = Unemployed looking for full-time work; and Unemployed looking for part-time work. Not in the Labour Force or Not Stated = Not in the Labour Force; and Not Stated. Please note the ‘not applicable’ category has been omitted from the analysis. Not applicable applies to the proportion of the population that is not of working age (e.g. 0–15 year olds and retired). ABS 2011 Census Labour Force data has been utilised for this report, as the national quarterly employment �gures are derived from a relatively small sample of the population.

Employment by industry

Agriculture, forestry and sheries

Mining

Manufacturing

Utilities, construction and transport

Health, Social Assistance, Education and training

Public administration and safety

Wholesale and retail trade

Services

Food, accommodation, arts and recreation

Unknown/not stated

11%

14%

7%

19%

6%

14%

13%

7%

7%2%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Employment status of Indigenous population*

Indi

geno

us65

yea

rsan

d ab

ove

Indi

geno

us15

–24

year

s old

Indi

geno

us40

–64

year

s old

Indi

geno

us25

–39

year

s old

Employed

Unemployed


0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Employment status of general population*

65 y

ears

and

abov

e

15–2

4 ye

ars o

ld

40–6

4 ye

ars o

ld

25–3

9 ye

ars o

ld

Employed

Unemployed


* Please note the % �gures are relative to each of the age groupings of the population. The categories above are aggregates of the following Australian Bureau of Statistics categories: Employed = Employed full-time; Employed part-time; and Employed away from work. Unemployed = Unemployed looking for full-time work; and Unemployed looking for part-time work. Not in the Labour Force or Not Stated = Not in the Labour Force; and Not Stated. Please note the ‘not applicable’ category has been omitted from the analysis. Not applicable applies to the proportion of the population that is not of working age (e.g. 0–15 year olds and retired). ABS 2011 Census Labour Force data has been utilised for this report, as the national quarterly employment �gures are derived from a relatively small sample of the population.


Employment, volunteering and incomes


Volunteering

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Volunteering rates

15–2

4 ye

ars o

ld

25–3

9 ye

ars o

ld

40–6

4 ye

ars o

ld

65 y

ears

an

d ab

ove

Not a volunteer

Volunteer

Not stated or not applicable

Income

Total household income (% of households)*

22.1%

49.1%

12%

4.4%

12.4%

Over $104,000

Under $20,800

Not Stated/Partially Stated

$20,800–64,999 $65,000–$103,999

* Please note these �gures have been derived from the ABS Equivalised Total Household Income (HIED)Census 2011 data. ABS data categories have been aggregated for the purposes of this report. For more information see: http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/censushome.nsf/home/statementsdwellinghied?opendocument&navpos=430

In the 2011–12 �nancial year, persons who earned $67,500 or less were eligible for Low Income Tax O�set. Human Services applied the following de�nitions of “low income” as eligibility criteria for the Low Income Supplement in the 2012–13 �nancial year: Income below $30,000 for singles, $45,000 combined for couples, or $60,000 combined for couples or singles with a dependent child.



Agricultural commodity values

Value of agricultural commodities^

$0

$250

$500

$750

$1,000

$1250

$1,500

Oth

er b

road

acre

cro

ps

Nut

s

Frui

t

Oils

eeds

Legu

me

for g

rain

Hay

Cere

als f

or g

rain

Eggs

Woo

l

Beef

Lam

b

Pork

Goa

ts

Poul

try

Dai

ry

Vege

tabl

es fo

r see

d

Vege

tabl

es fo

r con

sum

ptio

n

Nur

serie

s and

cut

�ow

ers

Mill

ions

^ Data obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics Value of Agricultural Commodities Produced. The value estimates in this publication are derived by the multiplication of price and quantity estimates of agricultural commodities. Price information is estimated based on the average unit value of a given commodity realised in the market place. For more information please refer to: http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/Lookup/7503.0Explanatory%20Notes12010-11?OpenDocument


Agriculture, Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM adviceAustralian farmers manage over 60% of the Australian continent and shoulder much of the burden of responsibility for maintaining and protecting Australia’s natural resource wealth. The information contained in this profile aims to assist the wider community, non-governmental organisations and government agencies to support Australia’s key environmental custodians.

Number of people employed in agriculture, �shing, forestry and downstream industries

21,233

7,272

204

79

83Forestry industry (including

production, logging, sawmillingand downstream wood and

paper product manufacturing)

Fishing industry employment,including production and

downstream seafood processingand wholesaling

Agriculture industry employment(downstream – including services,

food and beverage)

Agriculture industry employment (production)

1,056

25


Natural resource management practices and sources of NRM advice

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

Feral animal control*(% of agricultural holdings)

No

man

agem

ent

of fe

ral a

nim

als

Oth

er (u

nspe

ci�e

d)fe

ral a

nim

al c

ontr

ol

Fera

l wat

er b

u�al

o

Fera

l goa

ts

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

Native vegetation protection and regeneration*(% of agricultural holdings)

Oth

er

Stop

ping

mec

hani

cal

or c

hem

ical

des

truc

tion

Redu

cing

gra

zing

pre

ssur

e

Man

agin

g w

eeds

Fenc

ing

o�/e

xclu

ding

stoc

k

Sought advice when adopting native vegetation management**

82.46%

17.54%

NoYes

Sources of advice**^

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Priv

ate

cons

ulta

nt o

rag

ribus

ines

s age

nt

CMA/

NRM

regi

onem

ploy

ed fa

cilit

ator

Rese

arch

and

Dev

elop

men

t Cor

pora

tion

Gov

ernm

ent

exte

nsio

n o�

cer

Peer

s or n

eigh

bour

s

Farm

er g

roup

Land

care

or f

arm

erpr

oduc

tion

grou

p

** The sample for the Drivers of Practice Change 2012 survey consisted of a random subsample of 1228 broadacre farm managers from the Australian Agricultural and Grazing Industries Survey (AAGIS) frame. The data has been aligned to Conservation Management Zones from ABS Statistical Area 2 units. For this reason, the figures presented here are indicative only.

^ This chart indicates the sources of advice utilised for native vegetation management from respondents who identified they sought advice.

For more information please refer to http://www.daff.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/forestry/domestic-forestry/prep-for-future/drivers-practice-change.pdf

* Data obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2012 Land Management Practices Survey (LaMPS) 2012. LaMPS collected land practices information from approximately 50,000 farm businesses across Australia. The data has been aligned to Conservation Management Zones from ABS Statistical Area 2 units and Australian Agricultural Environment units. The % figures presented here are indicative only. For more information on LaMPS please refer to: http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/mf/4630.0

http://www.daff.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/forestry/domestic-forestry/prep-for-future/drivers-practice-change.pdf

http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/mf/4630.0


Land tenure, land use, Native Title and Local Government Areas

Land tenure

Crown Land – Private – Leased

Crown Land – Public

Crown Land – Public – Leased

Crown Land – Unknown – Leased

Freehold – Unknown

No Data/Unknown

24.2%

37.6%3.5%

22.9%

0.4%11.5%

Land use

Conservation and Natural Environments

Grazing Native Vegetation

Production Forestry (native vegetation)

Grazing Modi�ed Pastures

Cropping and Horticulture

Production from Irrigated Agriculture and Plantations

Other

63%

10%

2%1%

7%

7%

10%

Source: Land tenure data based on Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN) categorisation of Public Sector Mapping Authority (PSMA) State Tenure 2012; Land use mapping based on Australian Collaborative Land Use and Management Program (ACLUMP) 2012. For more information on Australian land use and management information and classification please refer to: http://www.daff.gov.au/ABARES/aclump/Pages/Default.aspx

Traditional Owners Registered Native Title Body Corporate Hectares % of zone

The Jangga People Bulganunna Aboriginal Corporation RNTBC 1,104,080 3.2

http://www.daff.gov.au/ABARES/aclump/Pages/Default.aspx


Local Government Areas

Coonamble Shire Council NSW

Dubbo City Council NSW

Gilgandra Shire Council NSW

Gunnedah Shire Council NSW

Gwydir Shire Council NSW

Inverell Shire Council NSW

Liverpool Plains Shire Council NSW

Mid-Western Regional Council NSW

Moree Plains Shire Council NSW

Muswellbrook Shire Council NSW

Narrabri Shire Council NSW

Narromine Shire Council NSW

Singleton Shire Council NSW

Tamworth Regional Council NSW

Tenterfield Shire Council NSW

Upper Hunter Shire Council NSW

Walcha Council NSW

Walgett Shire Council NSW

Warrumbungle Shire Council NSW

Wellington Council NSW

Balonne Shire QLD

Local Government Areas

Banana Shire QLD

Barcaldine Regional QLD

Blackall Tambo Regional QLD

Central Highlands Regional QLD

Charters Towers Regional QLD

Gladstone Regional QLD

Goondiwindi Regional QLD

Isaac Regional QLD

Livingstone Shire QLD

Lockyer Valley Regional QLD

Mackay Regional QLD

Maranoa Regional QLD

Murweh Shire QLD

North Burnett Regional QLD

Rockhampton Regional QLD

South Burnett Regional QLD

Southern Downs Regional QLD

Toowoomba Regional QLD

Western Downs Regional QLD

Whitsunday Regional QLD

Woorabinda Aboriginal Shire QLD


Zone vegetation characteristics

Major Vegetation Subgroups (MVS) with >1% original distribution within zone

Brig

alow

(Aca

cia

harp

ophy

ylla

)fo

rest

s and

woo

dlan

ds

Oth

er A

caci

a fo

rest

s and

woo

dlan

ds

Euca

lypt

us lo

w o

pen

woo

dlan

dsw

ith tu

ssoc

k gr

ass

Calli

tris

fore

sts a

nd w

oodl

ands

Euca

lypt

us o

pen

fore

sts w

ith a

tuss

ock

gras

s und

erst

orey

Euca

lypt

us o

pen

fore

sts w

itha

gras

sy u

nder

stor

ey

Euca

lypt

us o

pen

fore

sts w

itha

shru

bby

unde

rsto

rey

Euca

lypt

us o

pen

fore

sts w

itha

shru

bby

unde

rsto

rey

Dry

rain

fore

st o

r vin

e th

icke

ts

Euca

lypt

us o

pen

woo

dlan

dsw

ith a

gra

ssy

unde

rsto

rey

Oth

er tu

ssoc

k gr

assla

nds

Blue

gra

ss (D

icha

nthi

um) a

ndta

ll bu

nch

gras

s(Ch

ryso

pogo

n)tu

ssoc

k gr

assla

nds

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

Present day percentage of CMZ areaPre 1750 percentage of CMZ area

Source: The National Vegetation Information System (NVIS). See overleaf for more information on this dataset.


The National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) framework is a nationally consistent vegetation classification system based on vegetation data collected by states and territories. It provides information on the extent and distribution of vegetation types across the Australian landscape.

Two products are used to provide the Zone Vegetation Characteristics graph. A modelled pre-European vegetation distribution (pre-1750), and extant (current extent) vegetation, which is based on contemporary vegetation mapping. The information presented here relates to Major Vegetation Subgroups (MVSs). There are 85 MVS types across Australia, describing the structure and floristic composition of dominant and secondary vegetation stratums (e.g. canopy and mid-storey species). Major Vegetation Subgroups only reflect the dominant vegetation type occurring in an area from a mix of vegetation types. Less-dominant vegetation groups which may also be present are therefore not represented.

It is important to note that the vegetation information is indicative only, as state and territory mapping in Australia is of variable resolution and scale. However, this data is the best available nationally consistent information on vegetation, and the dataset continues to evolve and increase in accuracy.

Analysing this information at Conservation Management Zone, rather than national level provides greater discrimination for decision makers, as clearance levels of vegetation types are not uniform across Australia. For example, eucalypt woodlands with a tussock grass understory is a vegetation type found across Australia. In the Brigalow Woodlands Conservation Management Zone, eucalypt open woodlands with a tussock grass understory originally covered approximately 36% of the zone, but today it only covers only 14.5 % of the zone (58.7% of this vegetation community has been cleared in the Brigalow). In the Northern Australia Tropical Savannah zone, this vegetation type originally occupied 19.6% of the zone. Today, it occupies approximately 19.4% of the zone (only 2.3% of this vegetation type has been cleared). It should be noted that this data only provides an indication of change in extent, and not vegetation condition.

For more information on the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/science-and-research/databases-and-maps/national-vegetation-information-system

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/science-and-research/databases-and-maps/national-vegetation-information-system


Nationally Important Wetlands

Nationally Important Wetlands Jurisdiction Hectares Criteria

Bingeringo Aggregation QLD 2,336 1, 2, 3

Boggomoss Springs QLD 399 1, 3

Bowen River: Birralee – Pelican Creek QLD 156 1, 2, 3, 5

Broad Sound QLD 364 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Dalrymple and Blackfellow Creeks QLD 5 1, 3, 5

Fairbairn Dam QLD 15,406 1, 3

Fitzroy River Floodplain QLD 1 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Lake Broadwater QLD 215 1, 2, 3, 5

Lake Dalrymple QLD 27,341 1, 2, 3

Lake Elphinstone QLD 300 1, 2, 3

Lake Goran NSW 6,788 1, 3, 4

Lake Nuga Nuga QLD 2,070 1, 3

Palm Tree and Robinson Creeks QLD 50,223 1, 5

Rollston River and Molly Darling Creek Aggregation QLD 2,801 1, 2, 3, 5

Scartwater Aggregation QLD 332 1, 2, 3

The Gums Lagoon QLD 343 1, 3Turkey Mound Spring and Iron Pot Spring Aggregation QLD 20 1, 3

Why Not Aggregation QLD 3 1, 2

Nationally important wetlands are defined according to the following criteria:

1. It is a good example of a wetland type occurring within a biogeographic region in Australia.

2. It is a wetland which plays an important ecological or hydrological role in the natural functioning of a major wetland system/complex.

3. It is a wetland which is important as the habitat for animal taxa at a vulnerable stage in their life cycles, or provides a refuge when adverse conditions such as drought prevail.

4. The wetland supports 1% or more of the national populations of any native plant or animal taxa.

5. The wetland supports native plant or animal taxa or communities which are considered endangered or vulnerable at the national level.

6. The wetland is of outstanding historical or cultural significance.

Please note, the above are a subset of all the Nationally Important Wetlands found within the Zone. For more information on Nationally Important Wetlands please see: http://www.environment.gov.au/resource/directory-important-wetlands-australia-third-edition

http://www.environment.gov.au/resource/directory-important-wetlands-australia-third-edition


Please refer to the Australian Heritage Database for detailed information on listing criteria for these heritage values: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australian-heritage-database

For more information on Australia’s world and national heritage please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/about-australias-heritage

World and National Heritage

Heritage values World or National Heritage Heritage type Jurisdiction Hectares % of zoneThe Greater Blue Mountains Area

World and National Heritage Natural NSW 113268.66 0.33

Gondwana Rainforests of Australia

World and National Heritage Natural NSW 109.54 0.00

Myall Creek Massacre and Memorial Site National Heritage Indigenous NSW 23.17 0.07

Moree Baths and Swimming Pool National Heritage Indigenous NSW 1.01 0.00

Warrumbungle National Park National Heritage Natural NSW 23611.98 0.33

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australian-heritage-database

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/about-australias-heritage


Major National Reserve System properties

Major National Reserve System properties

Name Property type IUCN category Jurisdiction Hectares % of zone

Carnarvon National Park II QLD 301,335 0.88

Castlevale Nature Refuge VI QLD 146,571 0.43

Wollemi National Park IB NSW 113,444 0.33Expedition (Limited Depth) National Park II QLD 109,622 0.32

Pilliga Nature Reserve IA NSW 83,475 0.24

Goulburn River National Park II NSW 74,107 0.22

Carnarvon Station Nature Refuge VI QLD 56,752 0.17

Goonoo CCA Zone 3 State Conservation Area II NSW 54,396 0.16

Mount Kaputar National Park II NSW 51,309 0.15

Blackdown Tableland National Park II QLD 47,874 0.14

Timallallie CCA Zone 1 National Park IV NSW 39,218 0.11

Goodedulla National Park II QLD 25,480 0.07

Palmgrove National Park (Scientific) IA QLD 25,071 0.07

Pilliga East CCA Zone 3 State Conservation Area II NSW 24,549 0.07

Warrumbungle National Park II NSW 23,864 0.07

Dthinna Dthinnawan CCA Zone 1 National Park II NSW 22,085 0.06

Coolah Tops National Park II NSW 16,246 0.05

Theresa Hut Nature Refuge VI QLD 12,120 0.04

Taunton National Park (Scientific) IV QLD 11,687 0.03

Dipperu National Park (Scientific) IA QLD 11,285 0.03

The IUCN categories are as follows:

Ia Strict Nature Reserve IUCN protected area management categories classify protected areas according to their management objectives. The categories are recognised by international bodies such as the United Nations and are utilised by many national governments, including the Australian Government, as the global standard for defining and recording protected areas.

Ib Wilderness Area

II National Park

III Natural Monument or Feature

IV Habitat/Species Management Area

V Protected Landscape/ Seascape

VI Protected area with sustainable use of natural resources

Please refer to the IUCN website for further explanation: http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/gpap_home/gpap_quality/gpap_pacategories/

For more information on Australia’s National Reserve System please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/land/national-reserve-system

Source: Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database 2012.

http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/gpap_home/gpap_quality/gpap_pacategories/

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/land/national-reserve-system


EPBC Act (1999) threatened ecological communitiesThreatened ecological communities

Name Listing status % of total distribution* % of zone**Natural Grasslands of the Queensland Central Highlands and the northern Fitzroy Basin Endangered 94.7 23.3

Brigalow (Acacia harpophylla dominant and co-dominant) Endangered 87.5 3.3

Semi-evergreen vine thickets of the Brigalow Belt (North and South) and Nandewar Bioregions

Endangered 85.7 0.7

Natural grasslands on basalt and fine-textured alluvial plains of northern New South Wales and southern Queensland

Critically Endangered 62.6 24.6

Coolibah – Black Box Woodlands of the Darling Riverine Plains and the Brigalow Belt South Bioregions

Endangered 58.3 64.6

Weeping Myall Woodlands Endangered 42.0 83.7New England Peppermint (Eucalyptus nova-anglica) Grassy Woodlands


Grey Box (Eucalyptus microcarpa) Grassy Woodlands and Derived Native Grasslands of South-eastern Australia

Endangered 9.7 10.1

White Box-Yellow Box-Blakely’s Red Gum Grassy Woodland and Derived Native Grassland


The community of native species dependent on natural discharge of groundwater from the Great Artesian Basin

Endangered 3.9 0.1

Lowland Rainforest of Subtropical Australia Critically Endangered 0.3 0.1

* % of the total national distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the Threatened Ecological Community that is found within the zone.

** % of the total zone area describes the proportion of the zone that the Threatened Ecological Community is likely or known to occur in.

It should be noted that the identification of any given Threatened Ecological Community above does not imply that the Threatened Ecological Community (TEC) is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone. Rather, the % of the TEC’s total distribution (*) within the zone is an indication of its importance to that zone in terms of conservation efforts. The % of the zone (**) indicates how rare, or difficult the ecological community may be to find within the zone.

The threatened ecological communities above are listed under The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), which is the Australian Government’s principal environmental legislation. For more information, please refer to http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/communities

http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/communities


EPBC Act (1999) threatened species

Threatened mammals

Common name Scientific name Status % of total distribution*

% of zone**

Northern Hairy-nosed Wombat, Yaminon Lasiorhinus krefftii Endangered 100 0.01Pilliga Mouse, Poolkoo Pseudomys pilligaensis Vulnerable 60.63 0.96Koala (combined populations of Queensland, New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory)

Phascolarctos cinereus (combined populations of Qld, NSW and the ACT)

Vulnerable 26.07 31.83

Brush-tailed Rock-wallaby Petrogale penicillata Vulnerable 10.88 1.31Bridled Nail-tail Wallaby Onychogalea fraenata Endangered 6.82 0.04New Holland Mouse, Pookila Pseudomys novaehollandiae Vulnerable 3.79 1.05Grey-headed Flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus Vulnerable 3.67 1.85Hastings River Mouse, Koontoo Pseudomys oralis Endangered 3.39 0.29Spot-tailed Quoll, Spotted-tail Quoll, Tiger Quoll (southeastern mainland population)

Dasyurus maculatus maculatus (SE mainland population) Endangered 2.67 1.37

Northern Quoll Dasyurus hallucatus Endangered 1.29 2.30Water Mouse, False Water Rat, Yirrkoo Xeromys myoides Vulnerable 0.02 0.002Semon’s Leaf-nosed Bat, Greater Wart-nosed Horseshoe-bat Hipposideros semoni Endangered May be

presentMay be present

Long-nosed Potoroo (SE mainland) Potorous tridactylus tridactylus Vulnerable May be present

May be present

South-eastern Long-eared Bat Nyctophilus corbeni Vulnerable May be present

May be present

Large-eared Pied Bat, Large Pied Bat Chalinolobus dwyeri Vulnerable May be present

May be present

Greater Bilby Macrotis lagotis Vulnerable May be present

May be present


* % of total distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the threatened species that is found within the zone.

** % of zone describes the proportion of the zone that the threatened species is likely or known to occur in.

The % of zone indicates how rare, or difficult the species may be to find within the zone.

Threatened birds


% of zone**

Star Finch (eastern), Star Finch (southern) Neochmia ruficauda ruficauda Endangered 59.82 71.00

Squatter Pigeon (southern) Geophaps scripta scripta Vulnerable 57.35 60.03

Black-breasted Button-quail Turnix melanogaster Vulnerable 38.12 15.69

Regent Honeyeater Anthochaera phrygia Endangered 17.91 12.51

Red Goshawk Erythrotriorchis radiatus Vulnerable 17.24 51.77

Swift Parrot Lathamus discolor Endangered 9.13 4.79

Superb Parrot Polytelis swainsonii Vulnerable 4.97 2.63

Black-throated Finch (southern) Poephila cincta cincta Endangered 4.81 0.91

Coxen’s Fig-Parrot Cyclopsitta diophthalma coxeni Endangered 1.26 0.01

Australasian Bittern Botaurus poiciloptilus Endangered 1.17 1.27

Eastern Bristlebird Dasyornis brachypterus Endangered 0.94 0.13

Australian Painted Snipe Rostratula australis Endangered 0.89 0.50

Malleefowl Leipoa ocellata Vulnerable 0.44 1.36

Yellow Chat (Dawson) Epthianura crocea macgregori Critically Endangered

May be present

May be present

Masked Owl (northern) Tyto novaehollandiae kimberli Vulnerable May be present

May be present


Threatened reptiles

Common Name Scientific name Status % of total distribution*

% of zone**

Allan’s Lerista, Retro Slider Lerista allanae Endangered 100 0.47

Ornamental Snake Denisonia maculata Vulnerable 93.72 19.74Five-clawed Worm-skink, Long-legged Worm-skink Anomalopus mackayi Vulnerable 66.94 2.56

Dunmall’s Snake Furina dunmalli Vulnerable 58.19 1.55Border Thick-tailed Gecko, Granite Belt Thick-tailed Gecko Uvidicolus sphyrurus Vulnerable 57.91 7.85

Yakka Skink Egernia rugosa Vulnerable 47.29 11.19

Collared Delma Delma torquata Vulnerable 45.47 1.33

Grassland Earless Dragon Tympanocryptis pinguicolla Endangered 41.81 0.35

Mount Cooper Striped Lerista Lerista vittata Vulnerable 9.94 0.19Pink-tailed Worm-lizard, Pink-tailed Legless Lizard Aprasia parapulchella Vulnerable 5.28 0.57

Broad-headed Snake Hoplocephalus bungaroides Vulnerable 4.06 0.37Bell’s Turtle, Western Sawshelled Turtle, Namoi River Turtle, Bell’s Saw-shelled Turtle

Wollumbinia belli Vulnerable 0.77 0.01

Three-toed Snake-tooth Skink Coeranoscincus reticulatus Vulnerable May be present

May be present

Other threatened fauna


% of zone**

Boggomoss Snail, Dawson Valley Snail Adclarkia dawsonensis Critically Endangered 100 0.0004

Australian Lungfish, Queensland Lungfish Neoceratodus forsteri Vulnerable 15.1 0.18

Fleay’s Frog Mixophyes fleayi Endangered 7.81 0.06

Booroolong Frog Litoria booroolongensis Endangered 7.75 0.33

Mary River Cod Maccullochella mariensis Endangered 0.91 0.004Kroombit Tinker Frog, Pleione’s Torrent Frog Taudactylus pleione Critically

Endangered 0.79 0.0005

Trout Cod Maccullochella macquariensis Endangered May be present

May be present

Giant Barred Frog, Southern Barred Frog Mixophyes iteratus Endangered May be present

May be present

Littlejohn’s Tree Frog, Heath Frog Litoria littlejohni Vulnerable May be present

May be present

Murray Cod Maccullochella peelii Vulnerable May be present

May be present


Threatened flora


% of zone**

a shrub Bertya granitica Endangered 100 0.01

a shrub Homoranthus decumbens Endangered 100 0.85

Hando’s Wattle, Percy Grant Wattle Acacia handonis Vulnerable 100 0.08

Kogan Waxflower Philotheca sporadica Vulnerable 100 0.46

None Eucalyptus beaniana Vulnerable 100 0.06

None Kennedia retrorsa Vulnerable 100 0.06

None Logania diffusa Vulnerable 100 0.07

None Prostanthera discolor Vulnerable 100 0.02

None Corymbia clandestina Vulnerable 100 0.07

None Newcastelia velutina Vulnerable 100 0.01

None Acacia eremophiloides Vulnerable 100 0.02

None Acacia deuteroneura Vulnerable 100 0.01

None Xerothamnella herbacea Endangered 100 0.05

None Microcarpaea agonis Endangered 100 0.01

None Prostanthera sp. Dunmore (D.M.Gordon 8A) Vulnerable 100 0.11

None Aristida annua Vulnerable 100 1.03

None Acacia porcata Endangered 100 0.02

None Hakea pulvinifera Endangered 100 0.03Queensland White Gum, Queensland Western White Gum, Lapunyah, Scrub Gum, White Gum

Eucalyptus argophloia Vulnerable 100 0.21

Sandy Hollow Commersonia Commersonia rosea Endangered 100 0.004

Yarwun Whitewood Atalaya collina Endangered 100 0.01

None Acacia lauta Vulnerable 99.32 0.08

None Lasiopetalum longistamineum Vulnerable 96.86 0.03

None Decaspermum struckoilicum Endangered 95.51 0.01

None Ozothamnus tesselatus Vulnerable 93.35 0.14

None Westringia parvifolia Vulnerable 91.38 1.35

None Indigofera efoliata Endangered 90.57 0.08

Hawkweed Picris evae Vulnerable 89.92 0.97

Belson’s Panic Homopholis belsonii Vulnerable 89.79 0.05

Ingram’s Zieria Zieria ingramii Endangered 87.17 0.13

None Leucopogon sp. Coolmunda (D.Halford Q1635) Endangered 87.1 0.01

Small-leaved Denhamia Denhamia parvifolia Vulnerable 87.02 2.97

None Eucalyptus virens Vulnerable 86.79 3.13

None Rulingia procumbens Vulnerable 85.7 2.39


Threatened flora


% of zone**

Denman Pomaderris Pomaderris reperta Critically Endangered 84.53 0.01

Finger Panic Grass Digitaria porrecta Endangered 80.64 12.32

Austral Cornflower, Native Thistle Rhaponticum australe Vulnerable 79.89 3.11

None Zieria verrucosa Vulnerable 76.95 0.16

None Daviesia discolor Vulnerable 75.81 0.18

None Tylophora linearis Endangered 74.2 3.75

bluegrass Dichanthium setosum Vulnerable 73.71 1.34

Ooline Cadellia pentastylis Vulnerable 72.87 19.36

None Calytrix gurulmundensis Vulnerable 72.52 0.20

None Philotheca ericifolia Vulnerable 69.61 6.77

None Polianthion minutiflorum Vulnerable 69.4 0.15

None Homoranthus darwinioides Vulnerable 66.28 0.30

King Blue-grass Dichanthium queenslandicum Endangered 66.26 5.43

None Acacia grandifolia Vulnerable 52.95 1.11

Cobar Greenhood Orchid Pterostylis cobarensis Vulnerable 47.81 5.15

* % of total distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the threatened species that is found within the zone.

** % of zone describes the proportion of the zone that the threatened species is likely or known to occur in. The % of zone indicates how rare, or difficult the species may be to find within the zone.

The above species are listed under The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), the Australian Government’s principal environmental legislation.

Please note that the list of threatened flora species is not comprehensive. The flora listed here have a significant proportion of their total national distribution within the zone. For more information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species or the Species Profiles and Threats Database http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/sprat.pl

http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species

http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/sprat.pl


EPBC Act (1999) migratory species

Migratory birds

Common name Scientific name

Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica

Black-faced Monarch Monarcha melanopsis

Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa

Campbell Albatross Thalassarche impavida

Cattle Egret Ardea ibis

Coxen’s Fig-Parrot Cyclopsitta diophthalma coxeni

Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea

Eastern Curlew Numenius madagascariensis

Flesh-footed Shearwater, Fleshy-footed Shearwater Puffinus carneipes

Fork-tailed Swift Apus pacificus

Great Egret, White Egret Ardea alba

Great Knot Calidris tenuirostris

Latham’s Snipe, Japanese Snipe Gallinago hardwickii

Little Curlew, Little Whimbrel Numenius minutus

Little Tern Sterna albifrons

Marsh Sandpiper, Little Greenshank Tringa stagnatilis

Painted Snipe Rostratula benghalensis (sensu lato)

Rainbow Bee-eater Merops ornatus

Red-necked Stint Calidris ruficollis

Rufous Fantail Rhipidura rufifrons

Satin Flycatcher Myiagra cyanoleuca

Sharp-tailed Sandpiper Calidris acuminata

Southern Giant-Petrel Macronectes giganteus

Spectacled Monarch Monarcha trivirgatus

Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus

White-bellied Sea-Eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster

White-throated Needletail Hirundapus caudacutus

Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola


Threatened endemic species

Threatened endemic species

Taxonomic group Scientific name Reservation status EPBC Act status IUCN status

Frogs Taudactylus pleione Not recorded in reserves

Critically Endangered

Critically Endangered

Mammals Pseudomys pilligaensis Recorded in reserves Vulnerable Data Deficient

Molluscs Jardinella exigua Not recorded in reserves n/a Endangered

Molluscs Adclarkia dawsonensis Recorded in reserves Critically Endangered n/a

Plants Cycas cupida Not recorded in reserves n/a Vulnerable

Plants Macrozamia crassifolia Recorded in reserves Vulnerable Vulnerable

Plants Macrozamia fearnsidei Recorded in reserves Vulnerable Least Concern

Plants Macrozamia platyrhachis Recorded in reserves Endangered Vulnerable

Plants Acacia deuteroneura Not recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Acacia eremophiloides Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Acacia handonis Not recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Acacia porcata Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Indigofera efoliata Not recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Microcarpaea agonis Not recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Bertya granitica Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Decaspermum struckoilicum Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Homoranthus decumbens Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Aristida annua Not recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Philotheca sporadica Not recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Atalaya collina Not recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Reptiles Lerista allanae Not recorded in reserves Endangered Critically

Endangered


The colour grids and numbers are an indication of the location and number of endemic species that have all their known range outside of the National Reserve System. Concentrations of unreserved endemic species may be useful focal areas for private land conservation efforts.

Endemism analyses were provided by the Australian Government Department of Environment Australian Natural Heritage Assessment Tool (ANHAT). The ANHAT database has been compiled from specimens and site records held in state agency wildlife atlases, museum collections, and the work of individual researchers. For more information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australian-natural-heritage-assessment-tool

Concentrations of unreserved endemic species

Brigalow Woodlands CMZ

Concentrations of unreservedendemic species

Australian Natural HeritageAssessment Tool

Data Sources: - All biodiversity data have been derived from the Australian Natural Heritage Assessment Tool, which includes species location records from Australian museums, Australian herbaria, Birds Australia, CSIRO,state and territory governments and other sources.- Weighted endemism / richness scores are calculated for all species within a specified group with the exception of vascular plants (includes only 75 families) and vertebrates (does not include fish species).For a full list of taxa included in ANHAT see www.environment.gov.au/heritage/index.html

- Drainage and waterbodies have been derived from the GeoscienceAustralia GEODATA TOPO 10M 2002 - Locality data have been derived from the Geoscience AustraliaGEODATA TOPO 10M 2002 data layer

Caveat: While every effort has been made to ensure accuracy andcompleteness, no guarantee is given, nor responsibility taken by theCommonwealth for errors or omissions and the Commonwealth doesnot accept responsibility in respect of any information or advice givenin relation to, or as a consequence of, anything contained herein.

Produced by: The Department of the Environment. © Commonwealth of Australia 2008

Concentration of Endemics1

2

3

4 - 11

Brigalow Woodlands

CMZ Boundaries

Parks and Reserves

0 100 20050Kilometres

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australian-natural-heritage-assessment-tool


* % of the total national distribution of the invasive species found within the zone.

** % of the total zone area that the invasive species is likely or known to occur in.

Invasive species

Invasive mammals

Common name Scientific name % of total distribution* % of zone**

Cat, House Cat, Domestic Cat Felis catus 4.45 100

Red Fox, Fox Vulpes vulpes 5.55 100

Pig Sus scrofa 9.71 99.7

Rabbit, European Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus 6.16 98.6

House Mouse Mus musculus 7.32 76.0

Domestic Dog Canis lupus familiaris 7.11 51.8

Brown Hare Lepus capensis 15.2 44.2

Domestic Cattle Bos taurus 8.02 39.9

Black Rat, Ship Rat Rattus rattus 10.97 35.6

Goat Capra hircus 2.85 17.8

Horse Equus caballus 3.48 15.1

Feral deer species in Australia n/a 9.53 10.7

Brown Rat, Norway Rat Rattus norvegicus 2.19 1.2

Other invasive fauna

Common name Scientific name % of total distribution* % of zone**

House Sparrow Passer domesticus 10.06 86.90

Cane Toad Rhinella marina 14.57 82.30

Rock Pigeon, Rock Dove, Domestic Pigeon Columba livia 9.35 69.65

Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris 10.37 65.39

Spotted Turtle-Dove Streptopelia chinensis 13.82 33.66

Common Myna, Indian Myna Acridotheres tristis 17.09 25.84

Mallard Anas platyrhynchos 8.01 16.56

Common Blackbird, Eurasian Blackbird Turdus merula 6.12 16.36

European Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis 5.55 14.55

Nutmeg Mannikin Lonchura punctulata 17.63 13.69

Skylark Alauda arvensis 2.39 4.52

Asian House Gecko Hemidactylus frenatus 4.71 3.10

Red-whiskered Bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus 2.87 0.67

Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer montanus 0.68 0.55

Invasive flora

Common name Scientific name % of total distribution* % of zone** Parthenium Weed, Bitter Weed, Carrot Grass, False Ragweed Parthenium hysterophorus 39.86 71.52

Parkinsonia, Jerusalem Thorn, Jelly Bean Tree, Horse Bean Parkinsonia aculeata 9 41.59

Rubber Vine, Rubbervine, India Rubber Vine, India Rubbervine, Palay Rubbervine, Purple Allamanda

Cryptostegia grandiflora 18.02 35.83

Prickly Pears Opuntia spp. 31.25 34.67Lantana, Common Lantana, Kamara Lantana, Large-leaf Lantana, Pink Flowered Lantana, Red Flowered Lantana, Red-Flowered Sage, White Sage, Wild Sage

Lantana camara 22.08 31.47

Radiata Pine Monterey Pine, Insignis Pine, Wilding Pine Pinus radiata 18.86 25.19

Willows except Weeping Willow, Pussy Willow and Sterile Pussy Willow

Salix spp. except S.babylonica, S.x calodendron & S.x reichardtii

11.47 22.09

Prickly Acacia, Blackthorn, Prickly Mimosa, Black Piquant, Babul Vachellia nilotica 11.64 18.98

Blackberry, European Blackberry Rubus fruticosus aggregate 7.61 18.53

Prickly Acacia Acacia nilotica subsp. indica 5.21 17.50Hymenachne, Olive Hymenachne, Water Stargrass, West Indian Grass, West Indian Marsh Grass

Hymenachne amplexicaulis 23.18 15.29

Athel Pine, Athel Tree, Tamarisk, Athel Tamarisk, Athel Tamarix, Desert Tamarisk, Flowering Cypress, Salt Cedar

Tamarix aphylla 7.18 15.16

Cotton-leaved Physic-Nut, Bellyache Bush, Cotton-leaf Physic Nut, Cotton-leaf Jatropha, Black Physic Nut

Jatropha gossypifolia 12.79 14.96

African Boxthorn, Boxthorn Lycium ferocissimum 6.9 10.61Bridal Creeper, Bridal Veil Creeper, Smilax, Florist’s Smilax, Smilax Asparagus Asparagus asparagoides 3.3 7.93

Salvinia, Giant Salvinia, Aquarium Watermoss, Kariba Weed Salvinia molesta 7.73 7.00

Fireweed, Madagascar Ragwort, Madagascar Groundsel Senecio madagascariensis 10.97 4.70

Mesquite, Algaroba Prosopis spp. 2.52 4.45Serrated Tussock, Yass River Tussock, Yass Tussock, Nassella Tussock (NZ) Nassella trichotoma 4.47 3.78

Chilean Needle grass Nassella neesiana 4.61 3.75Cat’s Claw Vine, Yellow Trumpet Vine, Cat’s Claw Creeper, Funnel Creeper Dolichandra unguis-cati 19.94 3.31


Invasive flora

Common name Scientific name % of total distribution* % of zone** Silver Nightshade, Silver-leaved Nightshade, White Horse Nettle, Silver-leaf Nightshade, Tomato Weed, White Nightshade, Bull-nettle, Prairie-berry, Satansbos, Silver-leaf Bitter-apple, Silverleaf-nettle, Trompillo

Solanum elaeagnifolium 5.69 2.48

Madeira Vine, Jalap, Lamb’s-tail, Mignonette Vine, Anredera, Gulf Madeiravine, Heartleaf Madeiravine, Potato Vine

Anredera cordifolia 8.52 2.32

Prickly Pears Cylindropuntia spp. 12.47 2.29

Broom Genista sp. X Genista monspessulana 1.66 1.28

Bitou Bush, Boneseed Chrysanthemoides monilifera 0.77 1.27

Water Hyacinth, Water Orchid, Nile Lily Eichhornia crassipes 3.81 1.05Broom, English Broom, Scotch Broom, Common Broom, Scottish Broom, Spanish Broom

Cytisus scoparius 1.21 0.84

Climbing Asparagus, Climbing Asparagus Fern Asparagus africanus 18.88 0.68

Montpellier Broom, Cape Broom, Canary Broom, Common Broom, French Broom, Soft Broom

Genista monspessulana 1.25 0.55

Climbing Asparagus-fern Asparagus plumosus 4.61 0.44

Climbing Asparagus-fern, Ferny Asparagus Protasparagus plumosus 4.61 0.44Delta Arrowhead, Arrowhead, Slender Arrowhead Sagittaria platyphylla 0.47 0.12

Alligator Weed Alternanthera philoxeroides 0.45 0.11Asparagus Fern, Ground Asparagus, Basket Fern, Sprengi’s Fern, Bushy Asparagus, Emerald Asparagus

Asparagus aethiopicus 1.14 0.10

Buffel-grass, Black Buffel-grass Cenchrus ciliaris 0.01 0.10

Gamba Grass Andropogon gayanus 0.15 0.04

* % of the total national distribution of the invasive species found within the zone.

** % of the total zone area that the invasive species is likely or known to occur in.

It should be noted that the identification of any given invasive species above does not imply that the species is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone. The % of the zone area (**) indicates how common or rare the species may be within the zone.

For more information on invasive species please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/invasive-species

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/invasive-species


Vegetation profiles and management recommendationsVegetation extent information and species lists contained in the vegetation profiles are based on analysis from the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS), including analysis of Major Vegetation Subgroups and NVIS Level V descriptions. Please see http://www.environment.gov.au/node/18930 for more information.

The management recommendations have been drawn from EPBC Act Recovery Plans, EPBC Act Ecological Communities Listing Advice and other sources. The recommendations are indicative only. Systematic reviews of management literature, consultation processes and improved Natural Resource Management program monitoring and evaluation will support development of a comprehensive set of management recommendations over time.

http://www.environment.gov.au/node/18930


Eucalyptus woodlands with a tussock grass understorey vegetation profile

41.31%Remaining

Change in extent

Pres

ent d

ay

Pre-

1750

36%

14.9%

Commonly found species within this communityEucalyptus crebra; Eucalyptus melanophloia; Eucalyptus platyphylla; Eucalyptus populnea; Eucalyptus melliodora; Eucalyptus camaldulensis; Corymbia citriodora; Corymbia clarksoniana; Callitris glaucophylla; Casuarina cunninghamiana; Acacia leiocalyx; Themeda triandra; Bothriochloa bladhii; Aristida ramosa; tussock grass.

Protection Sustainable Agricultural Practice

Rehabilitation Fire Management

Wildlife Management

Weed Management

Feral Animal Management

Disease Management

Encourage uptake of conservation agreements and covenants on private land.

Ban firewood harvesting and retain standing dead trees and fallen timber.

Protect paddock trees through fencing and removal of stock.

Manage grazing practices, including avoiding high-intensity set stocking.

Adopt rotational grazing practices and avoid grazing when ground layer plants are flowering and setting seed (usually spring to midsummer).

Avoid application of nitrogen and phosphorous fertilisers.

Avoid spray drift of herbicides, pesticides and fertiliser from adjacent agricultural lands.

Create artificial shade to prevent stock camping under trees.

Encourage natural regeneration through fencing and stock management.

If there is no tree recruitment (regeneration) around fenced mature paddock trees then plant seedlings from locally sourced tube stock.

Replant species where appropriate using locally-sourced seed.

Protect mature trees with tree hollows.

If few or no mature trees with hollows exist within remnants, provide nesting boxes and monitor these regularly for invasive species, such as Noisy Miners.

Manage Coolatai grass (Hyparrhenia hirta), African love grass (Eragrostis curvula) and Johnson grass (Sorghum halapense).

Grazing, burning or soil disturbance also favours the introduction of weeds. Monitor for weeds in grazed and disturbed sites.

Management recommendations


Brigalow (Acacia harpophylla) forests and woodlands vegetation profile



Wildlife Management

Weed Management


Disease Management

Purchase high quality remnants into reservation.

Encourage uptake of conservation agreements on private land

Create buffer zones around remnants.

Protect paddock trees and clumps of regrowth.

Protect shrubby understorey and maintain dense stands of vegetation.

Manage grazing practices and stocking rates; or exclude grazing entirely from intact stands where possible.

Adopt rotational grazing practices and avoid grazing when ground layer plants are flowering and setting seed (usually spring to midsummer).

Avoid application of fertiliser, or the aerial/broad scale spraying of herbicides.

Implement water management, sediment erosion and pollution control.

Connect shade-lines to one another and keep them as wide as possible (ideally more than 100 m).

Undertake regeneration of high value regrowth sites and revegetation of degraded sites.

Encourage woodland regeneration close to areas of existing woodland.

In general, the most appropriate fire regime for Brigalow stands is fire-exclusion.

Leave dead trees standing and allow fallen timber and leaf litter to rot where it falls as this provides key habitat for reptiles and insects and supports food sources for other fauna.

Re-introduce microhabitat features (e.g. rocks, logs and other woody debris) to sites that have been disturbed.

Manage high biomass exotic grasses (buffel grass, Rhodes grass, green panic grass).

Minimise soil disturbance and monitor for weeds if soil is disturbed.

Use spot application of herbicides.

Minimise tree thinning.

Manage foxes, feral pigs and cats.

9.1%Remaining

Change in extent

Pres

ent d

ay

Pre-

1750

20.3%

1.8%

Commonly found species within this communityAcacia harpophylla; Eucalyptus populnea; Eucalyptus cambageana; Casuarina cristata; Lysiphyllum cunninghamii; Acacia argyrodendron; Eremophila mitchellii; Geijera parviflora; Carissa ovata; Paspalidium caespitosum; Chloris ventricosa; Digitaria brownii; Eragrostis megalosperma.



Eucalyptus woodlands with a shrubby understorey vegetation profile

60.46%Remaining

Commonly found species within this communityEucalyptus crebra; Eucalyptus populnea; Eucalyptus sideroxylon; Eucalyptus fibrosa; Eucalyptus moluccana; Corymbia clarksoniana; Eremophila mitchellii; Callitris glaucophylla; Canthium oleifolium; Geijera parviflora; Cheilanthes sieberi.

Change in extent

Pres

ent d

ay

Pre-

1750

10.3%

6.3%



Wildlife Management

Weed Management


Disease Management

Encourage uptake of conservation agreements and covenants, particularly on private land.

Protect from firewood harvesting.

Protect paddock trees.

Manage grazing practices and stocking rates; or exclude grazing entirely from intact stands where possible.

Avoid fertiliser drift from adjacent crops and pastures.


Undertake replanting where appropriate, and if possible reconnect remnant patches with suitable flora species so that wildlife can move naturally through the landscape.

Severe and too frequent fire can inhibit regeneration capacity.

If few, or no hollow bearing trees are present within remnants, provide nest boxes and monitor regularly for invasive species.



Eucalyptus open forests with a grassy understorey vegetation profile

84.28%Remaining

Commonly found species within this communityCorymbia citriodora; Eucalyptus albens; Eucalyptus crebra; Eucalyptus melanoleuca; Eucalyptus cloeziana; Corymbia trachyphloia; Eucalyptus siderophloia; Eucalyptus sphaerocarpa; Bursaria spinosa; Arundinella nepalensis; Eremophila mitchellii; Arundinella nepalensis; Acacia decora; Acacia macradenia; Persoonia falcata; Themeda triandra; Bothriochloa decipiens; tussock grass.

Change in extent

Pres

ent d

ay

Pre-

1750

5.2%

4.4%



Wildlife Management

Weed Management


Disease Management

Protect remnants from clearing.

Protect hollow-bearing trees.

Protect standing dead trees and fallen timber.

Avoid spray drift of herbicides, pesticides and fertiliser from adjacent agricultural lands


Undertake replanting where appropriate, and if possible reconnect remnant patches with suitable flora species so that wildlife can move naturally through the landscape.



Eucalyptus open woodlands with a grassy understorey vegetation profile

46.6%Remaining

Commonly found species within this communityEucalyptus melanophloia; Eucalyptus coolabah; Eucalyptus populnea; Corymbia leichhardtii; Eucalyptus crebra; Eucalyptus microcarpa; Eucalyptus orgadophila; Corymbia clarksoniana; Corymbia dallachiana; Eremophila mitchellii; Carissa ovata; Triodia pungens Thellungia advena; Aristida ramosa; tussock grass; forb; sedge.

Change in extent

Pres

ent d

ay

Pre-

1750

5.1%

2.4%




Wildlife Management

Weed Management


Disease Management

Purchase remnants of Coolibah Black Box and Inland Grey Box ecological communities into reservation.

Encourage uptake of conservation agreements on private land.

Retain fallen timber and hollow bearing trees (including dead trees) and ensure that trees are always left to grow to maturity.

Protect and maintain water table and water flows by wise use of water and maintenance of native vegetation.

Protect remnants during maintenance/road works.

Manage total grazing pressure at important sites through exclusion fencing or other barriers. e.g. Fence riparian areas and stream banks.

Manage livestock grazing practices and density.

Reduce fertiliser and herbicide application.

Implement water efficiency measures for existing irrigation and dryland cropping infrastructure.

Revegetate gullies and stream banks where vegetation has been cleared and widen the strip of riparian vegetation.

Plant eucalypts that develop hollows.

Create or restore wildlife corridors and linkages.

Develop appropriate fire management plans.

Provide maps to local and state Rural Fire Services.

If few hollow bearing trees are present place nest boxes in remnants; monitor nest boxes for invasive species (e.g. Indian myna and noisy miners).

Manage weeds including Lippia (Phyla canescens) and African Boxthorn (Lycium ferocissimum).

Avoid inappropriate chemical use or mowing/slashing to eradicate weeds.

Control feral animals contributing to grazing pressure and trampling.

Manage underlying causes of dieback in New England Peppermint and Grey Box, such as outbreaks of leaf-eating insects, which can proliferate in areas of weed infestation and in surrounding modified pastures.


Other Acacia forests and woodlands vegetation profile



Wildlife Management

Weed Management


Disease Management

Encourage uptake of conservation agreements and covenants.

Protect Weeping Myall from clearing and lopping for drought fodder.

Avoid firewood collection (dead and fallen trees).

Retain standing dead trees.

Use lopping methods that do not result in the death of the dominant tree species.

Prevent trampling and excessive grazing pressure in Weeping Myall Woodlands sites.

Use strategic grazing to facilitate regeneration.

Avoid fertiliser and herbicide application in or near remnants.

Replant understorey species (such as chenopods) where they have been depleted.

Repair, expand and connect remnants.

Collect and store seeds for future plantings.

Implement fire regimes that protect chenopod shrubs (e.g. saltbushes and native cotton bushes). Seek advice from your local NRM organisation on appropriate fire regimes.

Keep stock away from known nesting sites of ground dwelling birds.

Allow fallen branches and bark to remain on ground to provide fauna habitat.

Do not remove mistletoe from Weeping Myall trees, other acacias and eucalypts as these provide important food resources for birds and mammals.

Manage sites to prevent introduction of invasive plant species.

Manage grassy weeds such as Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) and Coolatai grass (Hyparrhenia hirta).

Avoid cultivating or disturbing the soil to prevent weed invasion.

Control Bag shelter moth outbreaks in significant stands of Weeping Myall.

Control introduced pest animals at known sites.

48.8%Remaining

Commonly found species within this communityAcacia pendula; Acacia argyrodendron; Acacia cambagei; Acacia shirleyi; Eremophila mitchellii; Eucalyptus decorticans; Eucalyptus thozetiana; Carissa ovata; Alphitonia excelsa; Aristida caput-medusae; Croton phebalioides; Canthium odoratum; Acalypha eremorum; tussock grass; shrub; forb.

Change in extent

Pres

ent d

ay

Pre-

1750

4.5%

2.2%



Blue grass (Dichanthium) and tall bunch grass (Chrysopogon) tussock grasslands vegetation profile

23.88%Remaining

Commonly found species within this communityDichanthium fecundum; Astrebla sp+/-Panicum sp; Acacia harpophylla; Acacia pendula; Acacia victoriae; Corymbia erythrophloia; Eucalyptus melanophloia; chenopod shrub; Dichanthium sericeum; Astrebla lappacea; Astrebla pectinata; tussock grass.

Change in extent

Pres

ent d

ay

Pre-

1750

3.8%

0.9%



Wildlife Management

Weed Management


Disease Management

Avoid changes to hydrology which may affect water table levels and surface water flow.

Encourage conservation agreements and covenants on private land.

Purchase remnants into reservation.

Protect during road widening and maintenance activities (or other infrastructure or development activities).

Avoid excessive soil disturbance.

Remove stock during flowering and seeding (Spring / Summer) and manage total grazing pressure to maintain ground cover at all times.

Avoid spray drift of fertilisers and herbicides into remnant sites.

Avoid slashing during peak flowering season (Spring to summer.)

Avoid herbicide and fertiliser application.

Revegetate areas that have been treated for weeds, and to extend and buffer remnant patches.

Use only plant native local species.

Avoid burning during peak flowering season (spring to summer).

Identify appropriate intensity and interval of fire to promote seed germination.

Ensure chemicals for weed control do not have adverse impact.

Control Lippia, Coolatai Grass, African Love Grass and Buffel Grass.

Implement good hygiene measures for mowing and grading equipment and observe appropriate state protocols for moving stock.

Control the house mouse (Mus domesticus).



Dry rainforest or vine thickets vegetation profile



Wildlife Management

Weed Management


Disease Management

Purchase remnants into reservation.

Encourage uptake of conservation agreements and covenants on private land.

Create buffer zones around remnants and revegetation areas.

Fence significant remnants to prevent stock and feral animal access.

Exclude grazing and fence significant remnant vine thickets.

Provide alternative watering points for domestic stock to discourage incursion.

Increase connectivity between remnants.

Use low intensity, cool season burns to reduce biomass.

Use strategic aerial incendiary mosaic burning techniques which mitigate against hot frequent wildlife, and protect wildlife.

Seek advice from your local NRM organisation about appropriate fire regimes.

Monitor and if necessary, manage over-populations of native grazers, especially the black-striped wallaby (Macropus dorsalis).

Maintain dingo populations to suppress over-populations of native grazers.

Implement cane toad ‘taste aversion’ baiting activities in remnants containing populations of the northern quoll.

Manage buffel grass (Pennisetum ciliare) and green panic grass (Megathyrsus maximus var. Pubiglumis) including in areas adjacent to thickets to prevent incursion of fire.

Manage weeds, especially lantana (Lantana camara) and rubber vine (Cryptostegia grandiflora).

Manage pigs and goats as well as other feral animals.

31.04%Remaining

Commonly found species within this communityBrachychiton australis; Brachychiton rupestris; Flindersia australis; Canthium odoratum; Diospyros humilis; Geijera parviflora; Cheilosporum acutilobum; Croton insularis; Cassine australis; Paspalidium caespitosum; Ancistrachne uncinulata; Eragrostis megalosperma; Sclerolaena tetracuspis; tussock grass; forb; sedge.

Change in extent

Pres

ent d

ay

Pre-

1750

1.8%

0.6%


Notes


ALC

100.

0915

Conservation Management Zones of Australia - Brigalow Woodlands

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