Consciousness Unit 2 B
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Consciousness Unit 2 B
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Consciousness Unit 2 B . Objective 1: What do we mean by consciousness & how does selective attention direct our perception?. Consciousness: our awareness of ourselves and our environment. Cognitive neuroscience: studies the connections between brain activity & mental processes. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Consciousness Unit 2 B
ConsciousnessUnit 2 B
Consciousness: ◦our awareness of ourselves and our
environment.
Cognitive neuroscience:◦studies the connections between brain
activity & mental processes
Objective 1: What do we mean by consciousness & how does selective attention direct our perception?
Focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus
What happens to our attention when on the phone?
Selective Attention
Cell phone use and car accidents◦ Slower to detect & respond to traffic signals (28%)
Selective Attention and Accidents
We can only process a tiny sliver of the immense amount of visual stimuli
constantly before us.
Who Dunnit?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubNF9QNEQLA
How many changes can you
detect? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJG698U2Mvo
Inattentional blindness◦failing to see visible objects when our
attention is directed elsewhere
Selective Attention
Selective Attention
Change blindness◦A failure to notice a difference in what is there now vs. what was there a moment ago.
Simon’s Labhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VkrrVozZR2c
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0W60BX_6wA
BG: Pay Attention 6 min
Objective 2: What is the circadian rhythm & what are
the stages of our sleep cycle?
#s1, 2, 10,18 – use number below where you checked time.
Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire
Objective 2Sleep stages…
◦Awake Alpha waves
Awake but relaxed◦Stage 1
Transition 1-7 minutes Light sleep Hypnagogic sensations Easy to awaken Aroused from stage 1 report they were awake
Sleep Stages
Stage 2◦ Onset of true sleep◦ Sleep spindles
High frequency bursts of brain activity
◦ Muscle tension, heart rate, respiration, temp start to decline
◦ Some delta wavesStage 3
◦ Continue to show more delta waves
Stage 4 Delta waves
◦ REM sleep
Stage 4◦ Delta sleep◦ High amplitude very low frequency (delta)◦ Deepest stage of sleep; most difficult to wake◦ Sleepwalking & talking present◦ Night terrors in children◦ If awaken, don’t remember
Biological Rhythms and SleepSleep Stages
Biological Rhythms and SleepSleep Stages
Biological Rhythms and SleepSleep Stages
Biological Rhythms and SleepSleep Stages
Biological Rhythms and SleepSleep Stages
Biological Rhythms and SleepSleep Stages
REM Dreams = 20% of sleep time Eyes move rapidly back & forth Paradoxical sleep
◦ Brain active body not Heart rate & blood pressure increase Lose muscle tension & movement
Biological Rhythms and SleepTypical Nights Sleep
Biological Rhythms and SleepTypical Nights Sleep
Biological Rhythms and SleepTypical Nights Sleep
Biological Rhythms and SleepTypical Nights Sleep
Biological Rhythms and SleepTypical Nights Sleep
Why Do We Sleep?Objective 3:
How do our sleep patterns differ?What 4 theories describe our need for sleep?
Genetic Forces◦ age related differences in avg. sleeping time depend
upon differences among individuals
Cultural Forces◦ Those in more modernized cultures sleep less
Circadian rhythm◦Internal biological clock
◦Body rhythms change temperature, alertness occurs on a 24 hr cycle age & experience can
alter your circadian rhythm
Biological Rhythms and SleepCircadian Rhythm
When light hits the retina, it signals the brain to stop
production ofLight Stops Melatonin =
awake
Four Sleep Theories
1. Sleep protects-evolutionary? Animals sleep patterns fit its
place in nature elephant vs bats
most need to graze/least ability to hide
2. Sleep helps us recover
- repair brain tissue
3. Sleep helps memory & creative thinking proof?
4. Sleep releases growth hormones Stage 4 – deep sleep As we age we spend less
time in deep sleep (stage 4)
Objective 4: How does sleep loss affect us & what are the major
sleep disorders?
Why Do We Sleep?The Effects of Sleep Loss
Why Do We Sleep?The Effects of Sleep Loss
Why Do We Sleep?The Effects of Sleep Loss
Why Do We Sleep?The Effects of Sleep Loss
◦Weight Gain (ghrelin)◦Stress (cortisol)
◦Insomnia◦Narcolepsyhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X0h2nleWTwI
◦Sleep apnea◦Night terrors◦ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zdwYgGXQ5mo
Objective 4: How does sleep loss affect us & what are the major sleep
disorders?
Effects of Sleep Debt Sleep Disorders Weight Gain
◦ Gherlin
Stress◦ Cortisol
Irritable
Less Creative
Poor Judgement
Insomnia
Sleep Apnea◦ Stop breathing
Night Terrors◦ Stage 4
Narcolepsyhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X0h2nleWTwI
1 in 20
1 in 2000
1 in 10
Objective 5:What do we dream about & what are the five
theories of dreaming?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7GGzc3x9WJU
Objective 5:What do we dream about & what are the five theories of
why we dream?
Manifest Content◦ Storyline
Daily life works way into dreams External stimuli works way into
dreams
Latent Content
“Sometimes a cigar is just a cigar.”
Activation Synthesis Theory
Objective 5… Theories of Dreaming To satisfy our own wishes
◦ Freud; psychic safety valve;◦ Manifest Content / Latent Content
To file away memories◦ Information processing◦ Fix the day’s experiences in our minds
To develop/preserve neural pathways◦ Babies = Lots of REM
To make sense of neural static◦ Limbic system active during REM (i.e. amygdala) while frontal
lobe less active To reflect cognitive development
◦ Brain maturation
