Unit 5:Unit 5:States of States of

ConsciousnessConsciousnessMr. McCormickMr. McCormick

A.P. PsychologyA.P. Psychology

Essential QuestionEssential Question

What are the What are the

psychologicalpsychological roles roles of of sleepsleep, and how is one’s , and how is one’s consciousnessconsciousness affectedaffected

by by hypnosishypnosis, , meditationmeditation, , and various and various drugsdrugs? ?

Unit 5 (A):Unit 5 (A):Consciousness Consciousness

and Sleepand SleepMr. McCormickMr. McCormick

A.P. PsychologyA.P. Psychology

Do-NowDo-Now(Questionnaire/In Journal)(Questionnaire/In Journal)

Answer the questions on Answer the questions on Hand-Out 3-8 Hand-Out 3-8 “A Morning-Evening Questionnaire”“A Morning-Evening Questionnaire”

Tally up the numbers of your responses:Tally up the numbers of your responses: 70-86:70-86: Definitely morning typeDefinitely morning type 59-69: 59-69: Moderately morning typeModerately morning type 42-58: 42-58: Neither typeNeither type 31-41: 31-41: Moderately evening typeModerately evening type 16-30: 16-30: Definitely evening typeDefinitely evening type

Do-NowDo-Now(Questionnaire/In Journal)(Questionnaire/In Journal)

Answer the questions on Answer the questions on Hand-Out 4-1 Hand-Out 4-1 “Circadian Rhythms”“Circadian Rhythms”

Tally up the numbers of your responses:Tally up the numbers of your responses: 70-86:70-86: Definitely morning typeDefinitely morning type 59-69: 59-69: Moderately morning typeModerately morning type 42-58: 42-58: Neither typeNeither type 31-41: 31-41: Moderately evening typeModerately evening type 16-30: 16-30: Definitely evening typeDefinitely evening type

ConsciousnessConsciousness

Consciousness:Consciousness: Our awareness of ourselves and our Our awareness of ourselves and our

environmentenvironment Exists within a spectrum of levels (as opposed Exists within a spectrum of levels (as opposed

to simply “conscious” vs. “unconscious”)to simply “conscious” vs. “unconscious”) Freudian view: Childhood experiencesFreudian view: Childhood experiences Modern view: Parallel processingModern view: Parallel processing

ConsciousnessConsciousness

SleepSleep

““Sleep is the irresistible tempter Sleep is the irresistible tempter

to whom we eventually succumb.”to whom we eventually succumb.”

““Jet Lag”Jet Lag”

Have you ever Have you ever experienced “Jet Lag?”experienced “Jet Lag?”

How did you feel?How did you feel?

Why do you think this Why do you think this occurs?occurs?

Biological Rhythms and SleepBiological Rhythms and Sleep

Circadian Rhythm:Circadian Rhythm: The biological clockThe biological clock Regular bodily rhythms (for example, of Regular bodily rhythms (for example, of

temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour schedule24-hour schedule

Ultradian Rhythm: Ultradian Rhythm: more than once each daymore than once each day Infradian Rhythm: Infradian Rhythm: once per month/seasononce per month/season

Biological Rhythms and SleepBiological Rhythms and Sleep

Light triggers the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus to decrease melatonin from the pineal gland

in the morning and increase it at nightfall.

Sleep StagesSleep Stages

Approximately every Approximately every 90 minutes90 minutes, we pass , we pass through a cycle of through a cycle of five five distinct distinct sleep stagessleep stages (includes NREM and REM Sleep)(includes NREM and REM Sleep)

Sleep StagesSleep Stages

When awake, relaxed, and ready to fall When awake, relaxed, and ready to fall asleep, a person’s brain is producing asleep, a person’s brain is producing alpha waves alpha waves (9-14 cps)(9-14 cps)

Sleep StagesSleep Stages Stage 1-2:Stage 1-2:

Lightest levels of sleepLightest levels of sleep Pulse slowsPulse slows Muscles relaxMuscles relax May hallucinateMay hallucinate Breathing and brain waves become irregularBreathing and brain waves become irregular Alpha waves/Theta waves Alpha waves/Theta waves (5-8 cps)(5-8 cps)

Sleep StagesSleep Stages Stages 3-4:Stages 3-4:

Deepest levels of sleepDeepest levels of sleep Possibilities:Possibilities:

Sleepwalking/Sleep talkingSleepwalking/Sleep talking Bed-wettingBed-wetting

Occurs early in the nightOccurs early in the night Delta wavesDelta waves (1.5-4 cps)(1.5-4 cps) Important to physical and psychological well-beingImportant to physical and psychological well-being

Sleep StagesSleep Stages Stage 5/REM Sleep:Stage 5/REM Sleep:

““Rapid Eye Movement” SleepRapid Eye Movement” Sleep Pulse and heart rate become irregularPulse and heart rate become irregular Face or fingers may twitchFace or fingers may twitch Large muscles become paralyzedLarge muscles become paralyzed Sexual arousalSexual arousal Vivid dreamsVivid dreams ““Paradoxical Sleep”Paradoxical Sleep” Beta waves Beta waves (15-40 cps)(15-40 cps)

Sleep StagesSleep StagesWith each 90-minute cycle, stage 4 sleep

decreases and the duration of REM sleep increases.

Sleep StagesSleep Stages

Why may we sometimes Why may we sometimes naturallynaturally wake wake up up throughout throughout the night?the night?

Why might you feel Why might you feel moremore tiredtired after after taking taking a a 50-minute nap 50-minute nap than you were than you were before before falling asleep?falling asleep?

Why Do We Sleep?Why Do We Sleep?Theories of SleepTheories of Sleep

1.1. Sleep Protects: Sleep Protects: Sleeping in the darkness when predators Sleeping in the darkness when predators loomed about kept our ancestors out of harm’s way.loomed about kept our ancestors out of harm’s way.

2.2. Sleep Helps Us Recover: Sleep Helps Us Recover: Sleep helps restore and repair Sleep helps restore and repair brain tissue.brain tissue.

3.3. Sleep Helps Us Remember: Sleep Helps Us Remember: Sleep restores and rebuilds Sleep restores and rebuilds our fading memories.our fading memories.

4.4. Sleep May Play a Role in the Growth Process: Sleep May Play a Role in the Growth Process: During During sleep, the pituitary gland releases growth hormone. Older sleep, the pituitary gland releases growth hormone. Older people release less of this hormone and sleep less.people release less of this hormone and sleep less.

Sleeping with Eyes Open:Sleeping with Eyes Open:“Nocturnal Lagophthalmos”“Nocturnal Lagophthalmos”

ReviewReview

What is What is consciousnessconsciousness?? Provide an Provide an 3 3 examples of examples of alteredaltered states of consciousnessstates of consciousness..

How can one’s How can one’s consciousnessconsciousness be be alteredaltered:: PhysiologicallyPhysiologically PsychologicallyPsychologically

What is a What is a circadian rhythmcircadian rhythm? How does it ? How does it influenceinfluence our our sleep sleep behaviorbehavior??

Discuss the Discuss the sleep cyclesleep cycle:: What What occursoccurs during each during each stage of sleepstage of sleep??

HomeworkHomework

Unit 5 Key People:Unit 5 Key People:

Unit 5 FRQ:Unit 5 FRQ:

Unit 5 Quiz:Unit 5 Quiz: “States of Consciousness” “States of Consciousness”