Consciousness Sleeping & Waking Awareness of Self (thoughts & feelings)

Automatic Processes –

* (Subconscious) Eating/driving

Controlled Processes – learning new activity

What is our “Biological Clock”

Or… Circadian Rhythm 24-25 hour timeline (sleep/wake

cycle) Run by the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

In the hypothalamus Responds to light changes Melatonin ***

What are the Stages of Sleep? Alpha

Relaxed & drowsy, just prior to sleep Alpha waves

Non-REM Stages I – IV 80% of sleep time

What are the NREM stages of sleep ?

Non-REM Stages I – Transition from wake to sleep II – Sleep Spindles III – waves begin to slow IV – (Deep Sleep) –

Awake (Beta)

Drowsy (Alpha)

Stage 1 Sleep(Theta)

Stage 2 Sleep

Stage 3 &

Stage 4 Sleep(Delta)

REM Sleep(Beta)

What occurs in REM ? REM Sleep

When dreaming occurs Similar to Beta Waves – ~ 20% of Sleep time 5 or 6 phases per night Muscle paralysis

AwakeREMStage 1Stage 2Stage 3Stage 4

Hours

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

What are some sleep interferents?

REM Behavior Disorder

REM Rebound –

Lack of Sleep

What are some sleep interferents? Insomnia

Psychological –

Physiological –

Sleep Apnea Stop breathing during sleep

What are some sleep interferents? Narcolepsy – Sleep attacks Night terrors – frightening

w/scream

Nightmares – anxiety related Sleepwalking – Stage 3 or 4

Why do we sleep? Sleep switch –

Repair Theory

Adaptive Theory

Why do we dream ? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9nmVzXxdUeU&playnext=1&list=PLBC1B0516BBFFD762&feature=results_main

Freud Censored info surfaces in dreams

Extensions of Waking Life Reflect issues of real life

Spirit World contact with other souls to reflect &

solve problems

Why do we dream ? Activation-Synthesis Theory

Random, meaningless activity of neurons

Threat Simulation Thery Preparation for challenges we may face

Altered States- Consciousness

Hypnosis Suceptibility – related to

expectations Stanford Hypnotic Scale

Hypnotic Induction

How does hypnosis work? Altered State Theory

Different state of consciousness (~daydreams)

Socio-cognitive theorySocial influences/pressures affect responses

What is hypnosis used for? Hypnotic Analgesia

Post-hypnotic Suggestion

Age Regression (“Journey of Souls”)

What are the effects of Drug Use ? Psychoactive – affects consciousness and

level of awareness

Addiction Dependence Tolerance Withdrawal

What are the Neural Effects of Drugs ?

Mimic Neurotransmitters Morphine/Heroin

Block Reuptake (removal) Cocaine, Prozac (SRIs)

What are the different drug types ?

Stimulants Methamphetamine – Cocaine – Caffeine – Nicotine –

All result in physical addiction, emotional instability

What are the different drug types ? Opiates – mimic

neurotransmitters Opium Morphine Heroin

Very addictive Methadone

Treatments

What are the different drug types ?

Hallucinogens LSD – (“trip”) Mushrooms (Psilocybin**) – awake

dreams; Mescaline-(peyote); headaches/vomiting MDMA (Ecstasy) – intimacy crave

What are the different drug types ?

Marijuana – mild hallucinogen THC – 10x as much today as in 70’s Mild euphoria; distorted/heightened

feelings Dangers – affects the hippocampus;

short-term memory – can lead to apathy

What are the different drug types ?

Depressants Alcohol – depresses the central

nervous system .06 - .10 motor/cognitive

impairments Genetic risk – Environ. Risk –

Why is alcohol a problem ? Depressants (cont’d)

Effects – Related to increases in aggression, rape, assault, manslaughter, car accidents, domestic violence

3rd leading health problem

What can be done to reduce negative effects of drugs ? PREVENTION: DARE – with 5-6th grade students

INTERVENTION Cognitive Behavior Therapy – Motivational Programs – 12-Step Program (AA & NA) –