Connective Tissue. the 3 primary germ layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm These give rise to...
-
Upload
alicia-carroll -
Category
Documents
-
view
229 -
download
0
Transcript of Connective Tissue. the 3 primary germ layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm These give rise to...
![Page 1: Connective Tissue. the 3 primary germ layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm These give rise to all the basic tissues of the body.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfde1a28abf838cb246a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Connective Tissue
![Page 2: Connective Tissue. the 3 primary germ layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm These give rise to all the basic tissues of the body.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfde1a28abf838cb246a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
the 3 primary germ layers1. Ectoderm2. Endoderm3. Mesoderm These give rise to all the basic
tissues of the body
![Page 3: Connective Tissue. the 3 primary germ layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm These give rise to all the basic tissues of the body.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfde1a28abf838cb246a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The four types of tissues.
Epithelial Connective Muscle Nerve
![Page 4: Connective Tissue. the 3 primary germ layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm These give rise to all the basic tissues of the body.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfde1a28abf838cb246a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
glandular epithelium & how is it classified A gland is one or more cells that
makes and secretes an aqueous fluid
Classified by: Site of product release – endocrine
or exocrine Relative number of cells forming the
gland – unicellular or multicellular
![Page 5: Connective Tissue. the 3 primary germ layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm These give rise to all the basic tissues of the body.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfde1a28abf838cb246a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Glandular epithelium – made up of cells that produce secretions
![Page 6: Connective Tissue. the 3 primary germ layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm These give rise to all the basic tissues of the body.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfde1a28abf838cb246a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
endocrine glands, what they secrete & how do they do it
Ductless glands that produce hormones
Secretions include amino acids, proteins, glycoproteins, and steroids
“Stuff” goes directly into blood
![Page 7: Connective Tissue. the 3 primary germ layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm These give rise to all the basic tissues of the body.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfde1a28abf838cb246a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
exocrine glands, what they secrete & how do they do it
More numerous than endocrine glands Secrete their products onto body
surfaces (skin) or into body cavities Examples include mucous, sweat, oil,
and salivary glands The only important unicellular gland is
the goblet cell “stuff” goes through ducts Sebum from sebaceous gland secretes
acid mantle on skin surface to kill bacteria
![Page 8: Connective Tissue. the 3 primary germ layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm These give rise to all the basic tissues of the body.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfde1a28abf838cb246a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
the major types of connective tissue & some examples
Found throughout the body Connective tissue proper, cartilage,
bone, & blood All arise from the same stem cell
![Page 9: Connective Tissue. the 3 primary germ layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm These give rise to all the basic tissues of the body.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfde1a28abf838cb246a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Endoderm becomes gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, endocrine glands and organs
Mesoderm becomes bones, cartilage, blood, muscles
Ectoderm becomes the nervous system and skin
![Page 10: Connective Tissue. the 3 primary germ layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm These give rise to all the basic tissues of the body.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfde1a28abf838cb246a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
the general functions of connective tissue
Binding and support, protection, insulation, and transportation
![Page 11: Connective Tissue. the 3 primary germ layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm These give rise to all the basic tissues of the body.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfde1a28abf838cb246a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
the common characteristics of connective tissue
Mesenchyme as their common tissue of origin
Varying degrees of vascularity Nonliving extracellular matrix,
consisting of ground substance and fibers
Collagen is the main protein of ct
![Page 12: Connective Tissue. the 3 primary germ layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm These give rise to all the basic tissues of the body.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfde1a28abf838cb246a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
the major structural elements of connective tissue
Ground substance – unstructured material that fills the space between cells
Fibers – collagen (fibrous), elastic (elastin), or reticular (fibrous)
![Page 13: Connective Tissue. the 3 primary germ layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm These give rise to all the basic tissues of the body.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfde1a28abf838cb246a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
types of cells you find in connective tissue & where you find them
Fibroblasts Chondroblasts Osteoblasts Hematopoietic stem cells Found in mesenchyme, derived from
mesenchymal stem cells
![Page 14: Connective Tissue. the 3 primary germ layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm These give rise to all the basic tissues of the body.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfde1a28abf838cb246a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 16: Connective Tissue. the 3 primary germ layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm These give rise to all the basic tissues of the body.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfde1a28abf838cb246a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Chondroblast
![Page 17: Connective Tissue. the 3 primary germ layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm These give rise to all the basic tissues of the body.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfde1a28abf838cb246a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Osteoblast
![Page 18: Connective Tissue. the 3 primary germ layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm These give rise to all the basic tissues of the body.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfde1a28abf838cb246a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Hematopoietic stem cells
![Page 19: Connective Tissue. the 3 primary germ layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm These give rise to all the basic tissues of the body.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfde1a28abf838cb246a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Connective Tissue. the 3 primary germ layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm These give rise to all the basic tissues of the body.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfde1a28abf838cb246a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
the two types of loose connective tissue proper given & what characterizes them 1. Areolar connective tissue Gel-like matrix with all three
connective tissue fibers Fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells,
and some white blood cells Wraps and cushions organs Widely distributed throughout the
body
![Page 21: Connective Tissue. the 3 primary germ layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm These give rise to all the basic tissues of the body.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfde1a28abf838cb246a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Areolar connective tissue (loose)
![Page 22: Connective Tissue. the 3 primary germ layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm These give rise to all the basic tissues of the body.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfde1a28abf838cb246a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Loose connective Tissue Proper2. Adipose connective tissue Matrix similar to areolar connective
tissue with closely packed adipocytes Reserves food stores, insulates
against heat loss, and supports and protects
Found under skin, around kidneys, within abdomen, and in breasts
Local fat deposits serve nutrient needs of highly active organs
![Page 23: Connective Tissue. the 3 primary germ layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm These give rise to all the basic tissues of the body.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfde1a28abf838cb246a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Adipose connective tissue (loose)
![Page 24: Connective Tissue. the 3 primary germ layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm These give rise to all the basic tissues of the body.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfde1a28abf838cb246a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
the two types of dense connective tissue proper & what characterizes them
Regular Parallel collagen fibers with a few
elastic fibers Major cell type is fibroblasts Attaches muscles to bone or to other
muscles, and bone to bone Found in tendons, ligaments, and
aponeuroses
![Page 25: Connective Tissue. the 3 primary germ layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm These give rise to all the basic tissues of the body.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfde1a28abf838cb246a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Dense Regular (tendons)
![Page 26: Connective Tissue. the 3 primary germ layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm These give rise to all the basic tissues of the body.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfde1a28abf838cb246a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Dense connective tissue proper Irregular Irregularly arranged collagen fibers
with some elastic fibers Major cell type is fibroblasts Withstands tension in many directions
providing structural strength Found in the dermis, submucosa of
the digestive tract, and fibrous organ capsules
![Page 27: Connective Tissue. the 3 primary germ layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm These give rise to all the basic tissues of the body.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfde1a28abf838cb246a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Dense irregular (fibrous dermis)
![Page 28: Connective Tissue. the 3 primary germ layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm These give rise to all the basic tissues of the body.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfde1a28abf838cb246a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
the 3 different types of cartilage: what they are made of, their functions & where you would find them
1. Hyaline cartilage2. Elastic cartilage3. Fibrocartilage cartilage
![Page 29: Connective Tissue. the 3 primary germ layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm These give rise to all the basic tissues of the body.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfde1a28abf838cb246a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
1. Hyaline Cartilage
Looks like jelly – does not heal and usually is cut out when injured with hope of gaining muscle to compensate for the loss
Chondrocytes lie in lacunae (a small space containing an osteocyte in bone or chondrocyte in cartilage)
Supports, reinforces, cushions, and resists compression
![Page 30: Connective Tissue. the 3 primary germ layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm These give rise to all the basic tissues of the body.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfde1a28abf838cb246a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Hyaline cartilage
Forms the costal cartilage Found in embryonic skeleton, the end of
long bones, nose, trachea, and larynx
![Page 31: Connective Tissue. the 3 primary germ layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm These give rise to all the basic tissues of the body.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfde1a28abf838cb246a/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
2. Elastic Cartilage
Similar to hyaline cartilage but with more elastic fibers
Maintains shape and structure while allowing flexibility
Supports external ear (pinna) and the epiglottis
![Page 32: Connective Tissue. the 3 primary germ layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm These give rise to all the basic tissues of the body.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfde1a28abf838cb246a/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Elastic cartilage has “little eyes”
![Page 33: Connective Tissue. the 3 primary germ layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm These give rise to all the basic tissues of the body.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfde1a28abf838cb246a/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
3. Fibrocartilage cartilage Matrix similar to hyaline cartilage
but less firm with thick collagen fibers
Provides tensile strength and absorbs compression shock
Found in intervertebral discs, the pubic symphysis, and in discs of the knee joint
![Page 34: Connective Tissue. the 3 primary germ layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm These give rise to all the basic tissues of the body.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfde1a28abf838cb246a/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Fibrocartilage
![Page 35: Connective Tissue. the 3 primary germ layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm These give rise to all the basic tissues of the body.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfde1a28abf838cb246a/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
the characteristics & functions of osseous tissue.
Hard, calcified matrix with collagen fibers found in bone
Osteocytes are found in lacunae and are well vascularized
![Page 36: Connective Tissue. the 3 primary germ layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm These give rise to all the basic tissues of the body.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfde1a28abf838cb246a/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Osseous Tissue
![Page 37: Connective Tissue. the 3 primary germ layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm These give rise to all the basic tissues of the body.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfde1a28abf838cb246a/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Osseous Tissue cont’d
Supports, protects, and provides levers for muscular action
Stores calcium, minerals, and fat Marrow inside bones is the site of
hematopoiesis Bones will change shape with
pressure: braces/jawbone, tight shoes/bunions, hammer toe
![Page 38: Connective Tissue. the 3 primary germ layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm These give rise to all the basic tissues of the body.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfde1a28abf838cb246a/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Bone marrow: 2 kinds
1. Red marrow – site of hematopoiesis2. Yellow marrow – fat (this is why you
make soup from bones)
![Page 39: Connective Tissue. the 3 primary germ layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm These give rise to all the basic tissues of the body.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfde1a28abf838cb246a/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
hematopoietic bone marrow of flat bones vertebrae, sternum, ribs, iliac. It represents 4-6% of body weight.
The fatty degeneration of red bone marrow (RBM) (25%) into yellow bone marrow (YBM) (75%) is completed around age 21 years.
![Page 40: Connective Tissue. the 3 primary germ layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm These give rise to all the basic tissues of the body.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfde1a28abf838cb246a/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Red marrow
C hematopoietic tissue forming new blood cells.
![Page 41: Connective Tissue. the 3 primary germ layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm These give rise to all the basic tissues of the body.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfde1a28abf838cb246a/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Yellow marrow
![Page 42: Connective Tissue. the 3 primary germ layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm These give rise to all the basic tissues of the body.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfde1a28abf838cb246a/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
the characteristics & functions of blood
Red (carry O2, CO2) and white cells (defense) in a fluid matrix (plasma)
Contained within blood vessels Functions in the transport of
respiratory gases, nutrients, and wastes
![Page 43: Connective Tissue. the 3 primary germ layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm These give rise to all the basic tissues of the body.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfde1a28abf838cb246a/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Blood