Computer science experimenter s kit for use in preschool ...
Transcript of Computer science experimenter s kit for use in preschool ...
![Page 1: Computer science experimenter s kit for use in preschool ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012920/61c871224a59f4139d304049/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
p. 1 Computer Science Experimenter‘s Kit | Gärtig- Daugs & Weitz | WIPSCE 2016
Computer science experimenter´s kit for use in
preschool and primary school Anja Gärtig-Daugs, Katharina Weitz, Maike Wolking, Ute Schmid
Research group of elementary computer science
University of Bamberg
![Page 2: Computer science experimenter s kit for use in preschool ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012920/61c871224a59f4139d304049/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
p. 2 Computer Science Experimenter‘s Kit | Gärtig- Daugs & Weitz | WIPSCE 2016
Overview
• Research group
• Project steps
• Theoretical background
• Concept of the experimenter´s kit
• Pilot test in two kindergartens
• Methods
• Results
• Conclusion
![Page 3: Computer science experimenter s kit for use in preschool ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012920/61c871224a59f4139d304049/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
p. 3 Computer Science Experimenter‘s Kit | Gärtig- Daugs & Weitz | WIPSCE 2016
Elementary computer science education at
University of Bamberg
Ute Schmid offers
workshops for children
2008 03/2015
formation of the
interdisciplinary
research group
„Elementary computer
science education“
design of a manual and first
material for a computer
science experimenter‘s kit
09/2015
GVS-award „Energie
für Bildung“
Start of the research project „Elementary computer science
education in preschool and primary school“
03-04/2016
pilot test in
preschools
10/2016
pilot test in
primary school
![Page 4: Computer science experimenter s kit for use in preschool ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012920/61c871224a59f4139d304049/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
p. 4 Computer Science Experimenter‘s Kit | Gärtig- Daugs & Weitz | WIPSCE 2016
Interdisciplinary group • Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Ute Schmid (Professorship of Applied Computer
Science/Cognitive Systems)
• Prof. Dr. Frithjof Grell (Professorship of Early Childhood Education)
• Dr. rer. pol. Anja Gärtig-Daugs (Dipl. Health Economist)
• Katharina Weitz (B.Sc. Psychology)
• Daniel Knauf (Dipl. Educational Science)
• Maike Wolking (B.A. Educational Science)
FELI = Forschungsgruppe Elementarinformatik
(research group of elementary computer science)
Pictures: FELI/ University of Bamberg
![Page 5: Computer science experimenter s kit for use in preschool ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012920/61c871224a59f4139d304049/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
p. 5 Computer Science Experimenter‘s Kit | Gärtig- Daugs & Weitz | WIPSCE 2016
Project steps
• Design of a computer science experimenter’s kit
• Formative evaluation:
• Accompanying research:
Attitudes of (preschool) teachers and parents against
elementary computer science education
• Training for (preschool) teachers
Discussion of
concept and
material with
(preschool)
teachers
Pilot test in
preschools
and primary
schools
Adjustment of material and
manual
![Page 6: Computer science experimenter s kit for use in preschool ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012920/61c871224a59f4139d304049/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
p. 6 Computer Science Experimenter‘s Kit | Gärtig- Daugs & Weitz | WIPSCE 2016
Theoretical Background
Rousseau Things as “teacher of the child”
Fröbel “Gifts” as representation of the world
Montessori “Development material” as key to the world
„Help me to do it by myself“
Maria Montessori
Pictures: Wikipedia.de
Grell (2013)
![Page 7: Computer science experimenter s kit for use in preschool ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012920/61c871224a59f4139d304049/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
p. 7 Computer Science Experimenter‘s Kit | Gärtig- Daugs & Weitz | WIPSCE 2016
Picture (middle): Tim Kipphan/ University of Bamberg
Pictures: Colourbox.de
![Page 8: Computer science experimenter s kit for use in preschool ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012920/61c871224a59f4139d304049/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
p. 8 Computer Science Experimenter‘s Kit | Gärtig- Daugs & Weitz | WIPSCE 2016
Theoretical Background
• Development and testing of material, which prepares
children for the growing technological environment
which is getting more and more complex
• The material enables children to autonomously create
realistic, child-oriented models of their world
• Children are seen as researchers, who construct their
own knowledge by testing ideas based on previous
experiments and knowledge
![Page 9: Computer science experimenter s kit for use in preschool ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012920/61c871224a59f4139d304049/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
p. 9 Computer Science Experimenter‘s Kit | Gärtig- Daugs & Weitz | WIPSCE 2016
Topics of the experimenter’s kit
• Computer scientists
• Pixel
• Analog and digital
• Computer and its components
• Algorithms
• Search and sorting algorithms
Picture: FELI/ University of Bamberg
![Page 10: Computer science experimenter s kit for use in preschool ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012920/61c871224a59f4139d304049/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
p. 10 Computer Science Experimenter‘s Kit | Gärtig- Daugs & Weitz | WIPSCE 2016
Concept of the experimenter´s kit
Material
• Illustrative material
• To introduce and explain a topic
• Experimenting material
• To explore computational concepts „unplugged“
• To reproduce illustrative example AND create/ testing
new ideas
Manual for (preschool) teachers
![Page 11: Computer science experimenter s kit for use in preschool ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012920/61c871224a59f4139d304049/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
p. 11 Computer Science Experimenter‘s Kit | Gärtig- Daugs & Weitz | WIPSCE 2016
Concept - Topic „Pixel“
How does a computer represent pictures?“
1. Introduction of the topic
• Comparing hand-drawn and computer-drawn pictures
• Explaining the concept of pixel
• Conjunction to computer scientists
Pictures: FELI/ University of Bamberg
![Page 12: Computer science experimenter s kit for use in preschool ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012920/61c871224a59f4139d304049/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
p. 12 Computer Science Experimenter‘s Kit | Gärtig- Daugs & Weitz | WIPSCE 2016
Concept - Topic „Pixel“
2. Introduction of the experimenting material
Pixel-pictures
Pixel-game
Pictures: FELI/ University of Bamberg
![Page 13: Computer science experimenter s kit for use in preschool ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012920/61c871224a59f4139d304049/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
p. 13 Computer Science Experimenter‘s Kit | Gärtig- Daugs & Weitz | WIPSCE 2016
Concept - Topic „Pixel“
3. Free time to explore the experimenting material
Pictures: FELI/ University of Bamberg
![Page 14: Computer science experimenter s kit for use in preschool ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012920/61c871224a59f4139d304049/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
p. 14 Computer Science Experimenter‘s Kit | Gärtig- Daugs & Weitz | WIPSCE 2016
Pilot test - Research questions
1. Can the implementation of computer
science education in elementary education
be promoted by an experimenter’s kit?
2. Can the topics be introduced by teachers
without computational background?
3. Is the material appropriate for preschool
children (aged 5 to 6 years)?
![Page 15: Computer science experimenter s kit for use in preschool ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012920/61c871224a59f4139d304049/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
p. 15 Computer Science Experimenter‘s Kit | Gärtig- Daugs & Weitz | WIPSCE 2016
Pilot test - Design
Evaluation of materials and manual
• 25 children and 2 preschool
teachers participated
(2 kindergartens)
• 6 „computer science sessions“
à 60 minutes (2 weeks)
• Methods:
Assessment of material and manual
by preschool teachers
(5-point Likert scale; open response)
Participatory observation by three
members of the research team
![Page 16: Computer science experimenter s kit for use in preschool ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012920/61c871224a59f4139d304049/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
p. 16 Computer Science Experimenter‘s Kit | Gärtig- Daugs & Weitz | WIPSCE 2016
Pilot test - Results 1. Promotion of CSE by an experimenter‘s kit
1:
does
not
ap
ply
at
all
;
5:
full
y a
pp
lies
Attitudes of educators:
![Page 17: Computer science experimenter s kit for use in preschool ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012920/61c871224a59f4139d304049/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
p. 17 Computer Science Experimenter‘s Kit | Gärtig- Daugs & Weitz | WIPSCE 2016
Pilot test - Results 1. Promotion of CSE by an experimenter‘s kit
Intended future use by material:
illustrative and experimenting material was seperately evaluated by Kindergarten 2
![Page 18: Computer science experimenter s kit for use in preschool ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012920/61c871224a59f4139d304049/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
p. 18 Computer Science Experimenter‘s Kit | Gärtig- Daugs & Weitz | WIPSCE 2016
Educator 1
• „ Analog and digital
representation“, „Algorithms“
harder to understand“.
• Unanswered questions:
• Selection sort algorithms
• Functionality of computer
components.
Educator 2
• All topics well comprehensible,
especially „Computer and its
components“.
• No unanswered questions.
Pilot test - Results 2. Appropriateness for teachers (no computational background)
Comprehensiveness of the topics in detail:
Correct explanation of computational concepts:
Computational concepts mainly correct explained.
Some misconception of sorting
algorithms.
-
Some concepts not named.
![Page 19: Computer science experimenter s kit for use in preschool ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012920/61c871224a59f4139d304049/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
p. 19 Computer Science Experimenter‘s Kit | Gärtig- Daugs & Weitz | WIPSCE 2016
Pilot test - Results 3. Appropriateness for children
1:
does
not
ap
ply
at
all
;
5:
full
y a
pp
lies
Attitudes of educators:
![Page 20: Computer science experimenter s kit for use in preschool ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012920/61c871224a59f4139d304049/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
p. 20 Computer Science Experimenter‘s Kit | Gärtig- Daugs & Weitz | WIPSCE 2016
Pilot test - Results 3. Appropriateness for children
Material meets cognitive abilities of children:
illustrative and experimenting material was seperately evaluated by Kindergarten 2
![Page 21: Computer science experimenter s kit for use in preschool ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012920/61c871224a59f4139d304049/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
p. 22 Computer Science Experimenter‘s Kit | Gärtig- Daugs & Weitz | WIPSCE 2016
Conclusion
1. Promotion of CSE by an experimenter‘s kit?
Recommended adjustments:
• Multiple sets of experimenting material
• Algorithms: Experimenting material based on
ScratchJr will be added
2. Can the topics be introduced by teachers
without computational background?
Recommended adjustments:
• More detailed descriptions of computational
concepts
• Common misconceptions will be written down in
the manual
• Trainings
![Page 22: Computer science experimenter s kit for use in preschool ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012920/61c871224a59f4139d304049/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
p. 23 Computer Science Experimenter‘s Kit | Gärtig- Daugs & Weitz | WIPSCE 2016
Conclusion
3. Is the material appropriate for preschool
children (aged 5 to 6 years)?
Recommended adjustments:
• Algorithms: Experimenting material based on
ScratchJr will be added
• Tablets with touch display will be provided
• Sorting algorithms: Experimenting instruction will
be simplified
• More time to explore concepts
![Page 23: Computer science experimenter s kit for use in preschool ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012920/61c871224a59f4139d304049/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
p. 24 Computer Science Experimenter‘s Kit | Gärtig- Daugs & Weitz | WIPSCE 2016
References
• Grell, F. 2013. Frühkindliche Bildung in historischer Perspektive [Early childhood
education in a historical perspective], in: Stamm/ Edelmann (Hrsg.): Handbuch
frühkindliche Bildungsforschung, Wiesbaden, S. 147-165.
• Bell, T., Witten, I., and Fellows, M. 2015. Computer Science Unplugged. An
Enrichment and Extension Programme for Primary-Aged Students. Adapted
for classroom use by Adams R. and McKenzie., J. URL:
http://csunplugged.org/.
![Page 24: Computer science experimenter s kit for use in preschool ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012920/61c871224a59f4139d304049/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
p. 25 Computer Science Experimenter‘s Kit | Gärtig- Daugs & Weitz | WIPSCE 2016
Pictures
Wikipedia Rousseau
• By Maurice Quentin de La Tour - Unknown, Public Domain,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=24158
Fröbel
• Von Original uploader was Josjojo at nl.wikipedia - Transferred from nl.wikipedia,
Gemeinfrei, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6995857
Montessori
• By Unknown - Nationaal Archief, Public Domain,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=46670977
Universität Bamberg/ Tim Kipphan
Universität Bamberg/ FELI
www.colourbox.de