Computer & related services
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Transcript of Computer & related services
![Page 1: Computer & related services](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/568130fc550346895d9729a8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Computer & related services
Computer & related services
![Page 2: Computer & related services](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/568130fc550346895d9729a8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Outline•1. How Defined? •2. Why Important for ecommerce?
•3. Government Measures
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1.How Defined? GATS Services Sectoral Classification List Doc.
• A sub-sector of business and professional services
• includes 5 sub-categories under the United Nations Provisional Central Product Classification (CPC)
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CPC Descriptions• 1. CPC 841 Consultancy Services
Related to the Installation of Computer Hardware:
(assistance services to the clients)
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•2. CPC 842 Software Implementation Services:
(all involving consultancy on, development and implementation of software, e.g. different programmes developed for special applications.)
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2.1 CPC8421 System & Software
Consulting Services:• Services of a general nature
prior to the development of data processing system and applications.
• e.g. management services, project planning services
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2.2 CPC 8422Systems Analysis Service• Analyzing the clients’ needs• Defining functional specification• Setting up the team • Project management • Technical coordination and
integration • Definition of the systems of
architecture
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2.3 CPC 8423System Design Service
•Technical solutions: methodology, quality-
assurance, choice of equipment software packages or new technologies, etc.
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2.4 CPC8424Programming Services
• The implementation phase:
• Writing and debugging programmes
• Conducting tests• Editing documents
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2.5 CPC 8425System Maintenance
Services• Consulting & technical
assistance services of software products in use
• Rewriting or changing existing programmes or systems
• Maintaining up-to-date software documentation & manuals & specialist work, e.g. conversions
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3.CPC 8431Data Processing
Services
• Input preparation services:• Data recording • e.g. key punching, optional
scanning, other methods for data entry
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3.1 CPC 8432Data Processing &
Tabulation Services• Data processing • Tabulation service• Computer calculating
services• Rental of computer time
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3.2 CPC 8433Time-sharing Services
•UNCPC: no big difference with data-processing and tabulation services
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3.3 CPC 8439: Others• Manage the full operations
of a customer’s facilities under contract:
• Computer-room environmental quality control services
• Management services of in-place computer equipment combinations, computer work flows, distributions
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4. CPC 844Database Services
• All services provided from primarily structured databases through a communication network
• Esp. exclude ‘data & message transmission services’ & ‘documentation retrieval services’
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5. CPC 849Other Computer
Services
•Data preparation services•Other computer services: e.g. Training staff of
clients
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What Uncertainties Arise Between the Software & Services under GAT??
• If: Package software is treated as a good.
• ? Consultants hired by a firm producing package software covered by GATS Mode 4 commitments?
• ? Served on-line, a service or a good?
• Maybe customized software – a service
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Any Overlap With Telecommunication Service?
• h. Electronic mail• i. Voice mail• j. On-line information and data
base retrieval• k. electronic data interchange (EDI)
• l. enhanced/value-added facsimile services, incl. store and forward, store and retrieve (CPC 7523)
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2. Why Important For E-commerce?
• Facts: 1985-1995 IT market structure changes:
• 1. Importance of hardware Software/ services 47% 52% 2. PCs & workstations 21% 31% Large-scale computer systems, mini-computers 30% 13%
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3.importance of customized software the use of system integration
services4.the continuing trend of corporate
reorganization, IT services, consultancy services are more needed.
5.outsourcing of information systems becomes a common element of corporate strategies.
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Reasons:• 1. worth US $161 billion in OECD
in 1995• 2. grow by 10% since 1987• 3. the 2nd largest contributor to IT
market• 4. high growth in export & import
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• 5. lead to new employment, of skilled, well-paying jobs esp.
• 6. increase labor costs in IT industry by 35%-50% by 2000
• Labor-demand characteristics• The GATS mode of movement of
natural persons
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3. Government Measures
• Relevant areas: • Labour policies• Research & development support• Technical standards• Tariffs on computer equipment• Government procurement on
information services
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Government procurement on information services :
Rules:1.GATS XIII 2.WTO Agreement Annex 4
Agreement on Government Procurement
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Thank You ;)
The End