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7/29/2019 Complete Application Manual.pdf
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I nstal lat i oM A N U A
SEC O N D ED I T I O
4757 TilePlant Road, P.O. Box 69
NewLexington, Ohio 43764
phone: (800) 945-TILE
fax: (740) 342-5229
http://www.ludowici.com
uality Brand of CertainTeed Corporation
LRT-249
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C L A Y
T I L E
R O O F I N G
has been in existence for centuries.
In the last few decades, clay tile
roof installation techniques have
been refined to protect your home
while retaining the aesthetic,
of-the-earth characteristics that
make up the roofs appeal.
The purpose of this manual is to
provide technical information and
installation instructions for
Ludowici clay tiles. It is intended to
serve as a guide for proper
techniques for typical installations.
Ludowici clay tile is a versatile roofing
material and can be applied on complex,
original design roofs. Installers are
encouraged to contact Ludowici
representatives for any question not
covered in this manual. Some
techniques may vary from region to
region and other sound installation
techniques may also be acceptable.
of-the-earth
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S e c t i o n I : Ludowici Roofing Ti le. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1. Composition, Materials, and Special Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2. Types of Clay Tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
3. Standard Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
S e c t i o n 2 : Before Getting Started. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1. Roof Slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43. Roof Deck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4. Underlayment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
5. Fastening Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6. Assemble All Tools and Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
7. Storage, Handling, and Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8. Range of Tones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
9. Color Blending with Different Color Tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
10. Snowguards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
S e c t i o n 3 : Preparing the Roof. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1. Inspecting the Deck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2. Installing the Underlayment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3. Ice Dam Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4. Measuring and Chalking the Roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5. Applying Cant Strips, Wood Nailers, and Battens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
6. Tile Distribution Over Deck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
7. Cutting, Notching, and Drilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
S e c t i o n 4 : Installing the Flashing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1. Eave Flashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2. Rake Edge Flashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3. Flashing at Valleys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4. Flashing at Vertical Walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
5. Flashing at Open Valley at Main Roof to Dormer Juncture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
6. Flashing at Chimney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267. Additional Flashing Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
S e c t i o n 5 : Flat Shingle Tile Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
1. Tile Cant Strips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2. Hip and Ridge Stringers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
3. Under Eave Tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4. First and Succeeding Courses of Tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
5. Points to Remember During Field Tile Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
6. Valley Tiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
7. Ridge and Hip Tiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
8. Vertical Wall Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
9. Accessory Pieces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
S e c t i o n 6 : Interlocking Ti le Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
1. Hip and Ridge Stringers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
2. Under Eave Tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3. First and Succeeding Courses of Tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4. Points to Remember During Field Tile Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
5. Valley Tiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
6. Ridge and Hip Tiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
7. Accessory Pieces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
8. Celadon Ceramic Slate Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
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S e c t i o n 7 : French Interlocking Profi le Ti le Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
1. French Interlocking Profile Tile Cant Strips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
2. Hip and Ridge Stringers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
3. First and Succeeding Courses of Tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
4. Points to Remember During Tile Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
5. Valley Tiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
6. Ridge and Hip Tiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
7. Accessory Pieces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
S e c t i o n 8 : Spanish Tile (S-Ti le) Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
1. End Band Nailer Strips (Stringers) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
2. Hip and Ridge Stringers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
3. Eave Closure Tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
4. First and Succeeding Courses of Tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
5. Top FixtureTile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
6. Points to Remember During Tile Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
7. Valley Tiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
8. Ridge and Hip Tiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
9. Hip Tiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
10. Accessory Pieces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
S e c t i o n 9 : Pan and Cover (M ission) Tile Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
1. Nailer Strips (Stringers) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
2. Hip and Ridge Stringers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
3. Eave Closure Tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
4. First and Succeeding Courses of Tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
5. Points to Remember During Tile Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
6. Top FixtureTile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
7. Valley Tiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
8. Ridge and Hip Tiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
9. Accessory Pieces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
S e c t i o n 1 0 : Tower Tile Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
1. Preparing the Tower Deck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
2. Installing the Underlayment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
3. Measuring and Chalking the Tower Deck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
4. Applying Wood Stringers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
5. Installing the Tower Tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
S e c t i o n 1 1 : Special Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
1. Alpine Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
2. Tropical Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
S e c t i o n 1 2 : Problem Spots and How to Avoid Them. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
1. Wind Uplift at Eaves and Rakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
2. Ridge Cement, Underlayment and Direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
3. Broken Tiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
S e c t i o n 1 3 : Self Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
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Ludowi ci Roofi ng Ti le
Pan and Cover Tile(also called barrelor mission) is installed in pairs of
pieces, either straight or tapered,with one laid concave and the otherconvex. Pan and cover tiles come ina variety of styles, with overlappingfeatures for a tight fit. Ludowiciproduces several styles of pan andcover tiles, includingGreek, I talian,Roman, Palm Beach, Straight Barrel
Mission, and Tapered Mission Tile.
One-Piece Spanish Ti le (S-Tile)islaid in a single thickness with acourse-to-course overlap. Ludowiciproduces several styles of S-tile.Most popular are the 13 1/4 and18 3/8Spanish Ti le.
Tower Tile. Ludowici producesthe unique, tapered tile, installedlike pan and cover tile, designedfor tower (radial) applications.
Types of Clay Tile
Flat Shingle Ti le(non-interlockingflat or shingle) is designed to
be laid in a double thickness,similar to wood shakes and slate.Ludowici produces several styles of flattile, includingCalais, Georgian,Norman, Provincial, Antique,
Brittany, Colonial, Crude, and
Flat Slab shingles.
Interlocking Ti leis laid in a singlethickness with only a 3
course-to-course overlap. The sidesare interlocked with channels or ribs.The heads (top of tile) and butts(bottom of tile) may also interlock.Ludowici produces several styles ofinterlocking tile, includingAmericana, Ameri cana XL,
Classic, Classic XL, Celadon,
Lanai, Lanai XL, Wi ll iamsburg,
Wi lli amsburg XL, and Imperi al.
Interlocking Profi le Ti le. Like flatinterlocking tile, this tile is laid in asingle thickness with course-to-courseoverlap and side interlocks. Thereinforcing ribs add strength andreduce the weight of this tile.Ludowici producesFrench Tileinthis type.
Composition, Materials, and Special Characteristics
Ludowici tile is manufactured from select Southeastern Ohio shale and fire clays. After mixing, the clay isextruded and pressed into shape. Glazing is applied and then the tile is kiln fired. The tile is incombustiblewith an extremely low moisture absorption rate, averaging 1%. All Ludowici clay roof tiles have a highbreaking strength and meet or exceed the Grade 1 requirements of ASTM C 1167-96. Ti les are available inunglazed or a multitude of clay red, fire-flashed, designer or custom-glazed colors.
Figure 1.1
Flat Slab Tile
Figure 1.2
Interlocking Flat Tile
Figure 1.4
Pan and Cover Tile
Figure 1.5
S-Tile
Figure 1.3
Interlocking Profile Tile
Figure 1.6
Tower Tile
1
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Standard Fittings
The following fittings are examples of those usuallyrequired for the perimeter of the roof.
An Eave Closure or Under Eave Fitting at the eave End Bands, Gable Rakes and Top Fixtures Flat Shingle Short Top, Long Top and
Header Course Ridge, Closed-Ridge End, Ridge/Hip Terminal
at the ridge Ridge/Hip Terminal, Hip Roll, Hip Starter
2
In addition to the standard fittings, Ludowici produces a variety of ornamentaland functional fittings. Some of these are:
Eave Fittings closed eave, beveled eave Gable Fittings flared gable tile and deep flange gable rake Ridge Fittings ventilating ridge, ridge cut-off, deck mould raised flange,
ridge angle, ridge tee, ridge cross, ornamental gable terminal, ornamentalridge/hip terminal
Hip Fittings chamfered cut hip, ornamental hip starter, bonnet hip plates Valley Fittings closed valley and cut valley Cone apex or hip convergence finial
Figure 1.7 Eave Closure
(Straight Barrel Mission Tile)
Figure 1.8 Under Eave Fitting
(Interlocking)
Figure 1.10 End Band
(Interlocking)
Figure 1.9 End Band (Spanish) Figure 1.11 Right Gable Rake
(Interlocking)
Figure 1.13 V-Hip and RidgeFigure 1.12 Top Fixture (Spanish) Figure 1.14 206 Ridge
Figure 1.16 102 Hip RollFigure 1.15
118 & 211 Hip & Ridge Terminal
Figure 1.17 CC Hip Starter
(Used with Circular Cover)
Figure 1.18
Flower & Leaf (Ornamental)
Hip Starter (End View)
Note: Not all fittings are shown.3
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Before Gett i ng Started
Roof Slope
Ludowici Roof Tile recommended minimum sloperequirements are 3:12, 4:12, or 5:12, depending onstyle (see Chart 2.1). No clay tile roofs are to beinstalled below a roof slope of 3:12.
There is no maximum slope requirement for tileroofs (except Tower Tile with a maximum of 18:12).However, on extremely steep (above 19:12) orvertical applications, wind current may cause thetiles to rattle. To avoid this, set the butt of each tilewith a bead of sealant where it will not be seen.
Wind clips placed under each tile should be usedwith the sealants. See Silicone SealantRecommendations on Page 8.
Chart 2.1:
Recommended Minimum* Slope Requi rements
Tile Name Slope
Flat Shingle Ti les**
Antique 5:12
Brittany 5:12
Calais 5:12
Colonial 5:12
Crude 5:12
Flat Slab Shingle 5:12
Georgian 5:12
Norman 5:12
Provincial 5:12
Interlocking Ti les
Americana, Americana XL 3:12
Celadon 3:12
Classic, Classic XL 3:12
Imperial 3:12
Lanai, Lanai XL 3:12
Will iamsburg, Will iamsburg XL 3:12
Interlocking Profi le Ti les
French 3:12
S-Tiles**Spanish 13 1/4 and 18 3/8 4:12
Pan and Cover Ti les**
Greek 4:12
Italian 5:12
Palm Beach 5:12
Roman 4:12
Straight Barrel Mission 5:12
14 1/4, 16 and 18 3/8
Tapered Mission 5:12
Tower Ti les*** 3:12
IMPORTANT:
On low pi tches, from 3:12 to the standard
recommended product minimums, i t is required to
apply a self-adhering modifi ed bi tumen membrane
or waterproofi ng underlayment, such as CertainTeed
WinterGuard, on the ent i re deck. Adequate
venti lati on will be required.
*For standard underlayment installation.**These tile types can be reduced to 3:12 by using
waterproofing underlayment (see Important box).***Requires waterproofing membrane for all roof slopes.
Note: For technical questions not answered inthis publication, please contact ourTechnical Service Department at(800) 945-TILE (8453).
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4
Chart 2.2:
Average Weight of Tiles per Square (M aximum Exposure)
Tile Name Average Weight Piecesper Square (lbs.) per Square
Flat Shingle Ti les
Antique 1,650 412
Brittany 1,900 412Calais 1,600 317
Colonial 1,800 310
Crude 1,935 480
Flat Slab 3/8 1,300 4805/8 1,780 480
Georgian 1,600 276
Norman 1,600 317
Provincial 1,575 317
Interlocking Ti les
Americana, Americana XL 800, 750 158, 109
Celadon 660 109Classic, Classic XL 800, 750 158, 109
Imperial 860 129
Lanai, Lanai XL 800, 750 158, 109
Williamsburg,
Williamsburg XL 800, 750 158, 109
Interlocking Profi le Ti les
French 1,025 133
S-Tiles
Spanish 13 1/4 900 171
18 3/8 800 114
Pan and Cover Ti lesGreek 1,550 240
Italian 945-1,340* 156-260
Palm Beach 1,100 163
Roman 1,550 240
Straight Barrel Mission 1,165-1,250* 163-225
Tapered Mission 1,230-1,300* 212-246
Tower Ti les
Provided upon request - is specific to tower system
Weight
Proper roof framing is required to carry theweight of a tile roof. The weight of one square(100 sq. ft.) of tile will range from 600 poundsto over 1,900 pounds (see Chart 2.2). Theweight of the roof tile is determined by thetype and size of the tile, and the exposure ofeach course of tile. Reducing the exposure ofthe tile will increase the roof load.
The weight of the underlayment, fasteningsystem, roof accessories, and trim tile alsoneeds to be considered when determiningthe total weight. Check dead load allowancesof the applicable local building code.
It is recommended that the structural designof the roof be evaluated by a registered
engineer to determine that it can support theload and most building codes require theengineering review. Getting a written letterof approval is suggested and may be requiredby local building codes.
If the installation is in a region of seismicactivity or heavy wind load, local buildingcodes must be consulted for additionalrequirements.
*Various possible weights, dependent upon tile size
and/or combination of pans and covers used. Pleaseconsult the factory or local sales representative foraverage weight. See Page 16 for specifics.
IMPORTANT:Weights of actual ti le may vary by +/- 10%
of the average weight. Structural loads
should be determined using the average
weight mult iplied by a factor of 1.10.
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Roof Deck
A design standard for roofing decks is to have a max-imum deflection of L/240 between supports. A deckwill be exposed to live and dead loads. A live load isone that will only be exerting pressure on the roofdeck for a short time. Example: Snow or wind loads.A dead load is one that will exert a constant pressureto the roof deck ie., underlayments, tile and battens.
For Board Plank Deck:Well-seasoned plank board(1 full thickness, maximum 6 nominal width) thatis not prone to warping, cupping or twisting.
For Plywood Deck:APA rated plywood is requiredfor a minimum of3/4 thick wood decking and mustbe rated for structural use as roof sheathing. Theexpansion crack between panels shall be at least 1/16but no greater than 1/8. H-clips are to be used when
rafters are spaced greater than 16 on center, to holdthe side joints of the plywood together between sup-ports. Unsupported end joints must be blocked.
Fastener Pullout Resistance:Minimum average fas-tener pullout resistance for clay roofing tile is 180psi, with no single value less than 170 psi. Greaterpullout values may be required depending upon thepredicted aerodynamic moment expected for the tileshape, building shape, and the proximity to thecoastline. An engineer should be consulted to assurelocal building code compliance.
Concrete Decks:
Nailable Concrete Decks Nailable concrete decksover time may loose their plastic nature, whichallows direct nailing. For old decking material, apullout test should be performed to determine theusefulness of the deck, and the appropriate fastener.An engineer should be consulted to assure localbuilding code compliance.
Non-Nailable Concrete Decks For concrete decks
that will not accept direct nailing, nailer boards arerequired. Attachment strips that allow the tile to befastened to them should be pressure treated wood.These may be a board and batten system or pressuretreated wood strips that can be embedded into theconcrete deck during construction (discussedfurther on page 12). Other means of attachingtile to a concrete deck include wire-tie systems andexpanding nail-in anchors.
Note: Ludowici does not recommend applying tileover spaced board sheathing or open battens.
3
IMPORTANT:
On low pi tches, from 3:12 to the standard
recommended product minimums, or in regions
where ice dams may occur, i t is requi red to apply
a self-adhering modi fi ed bi tumen membrane or
waterproofi ng underlayment , such as CertainTeed
WinterGuard, on the ent ire deck. Adequate
venti lat ion wi ll be required.
In regions where ice dams may occur, the water-
proof underlayment should be extended a
minimum of 24 upslope from the inside of the
interi or wall li ne of the building directly to the
roof deck. (Fur ther clar i fi cati on found on Page
13, I ce Dam Protection.)
Underlayment
Most problems with water-shedding roof installa-tions occur from water that migrates through the
joints of the tiles through capillary action, wind-driven rain, and runoff or ice damming. Becauseof this possibility, the underlayment is critical tothe success of the roof.
Ludowici recommends the following for minimumunderlayment:
All decks shall be covered with two layers of No.30 asphalt-impregnated roofing felt or one layerof No. 43 coated base sheet.
All hips, valleys and ridges shall be coveredwith a waterproof underlayment, example:self-adhesive modified bitumen membrane or
two layers of No. 43 coated base sheet.
Note: Roofing felt should meet or exceedASTM standards D226/D2626.
CAUTION:Solvent-based flashing cement or caulking(sealant)must not come into contact with abitumen membrane in order to preventdamage to the membrane.
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6
Fastening Methods
Attachment requirements and fastener length by tiletype are referenced in Chart 2.3.
Nai ls or Screws. Nails are the most commonly usedfastener for attaching clay tiles. Nails for tiles and cleatsmust be copper, 11-gauge minimum, 3/8 head
minimum and proper length to give good penetration.Screws must be stainless steel or brass, #8 or #9 with aminimum 3/8 diameter head.
Figure 2.2 Wind Clip
Figure 2.1 Proper Nailing Techniques for Plywood Deck
Tile
Underlayment
Plywood
Roof Deck
Wind or
Storm Clip
IMPORTANT:Do not instal l the recommended fastener ti ghtl yagainst the ti le due to the risk of breakage frominstal lati on and deck movement. The ti le shouldhang fr om the fastener.
Wire. On non-nailable surfaces or some insulateddecks or where fastening through the metal flash-
ing needs to be avoided or if underlayment can-not be penetrated, such as special low slope appli-cations, wire and strapping systems are sometimesused. Wire must be solid copper, 16 gauge, withor without insulation. Wire-tieing is also usuallyspecified in areas prone to earthquakes. Consultthe manufacturer of these types of systems forspecific design and installation.
Clips. Wind clips are often specified and/orrequired in high wind and seismic areas. They aidin holding the tiles in place and reduce stress at
the preliminary fastening point (see Figure 2.2).Refer to local building codes in such areas.
Bedding Ti le. Where freeze/thaw cycles are not anissue, tile may be laid in a full or partial bed ofmortar. This method is best used in combinationwith other means of attachment.
Foam Adhesive.This method of application isapproved for use in South Florida and is being testedfor use in other areas. Refer to local building codes.See Tropical Conditions on Page 84 for more details.
Improperl y Dri venProperl y Dr iven
Driven straight,
good penetration
Not driven far enough,
inadequate deck penetration
Driven too tightly, cracking
or breaking the tile
Note: Each field tile is provided with (2) twofastening nail holes. When installing field tiles,
care should be taken to fasten each tile withnails or screws in every provided fastening hole.
For a plywood deck, use ring shank copper nailsof the specified length to assure good penetrationthrough under side of deck (see Figure 2.1).
For board plank deck, use smooth shank copper nailsof the specified length. Fasteners should penetrate deckboard 3/4. Do not penetrate underside of deck.
For gypsum plank or nailable concrete deck, usestainless steel or silicon bronze screw shank nails of
length to penetrate half to three-quarters the thicknessof the deck. Never penetrate underside of deck.
When insulation is applied over the deck, observe thefollowing: Minimum slope (per style) to 6:12 the tile can be
nailed through underlayment and insulation intothe deck with a sufficient length fastener.
On 6:12 or greater, a tile-tie system should be used.
For metal decks, use sheet metal screws and theproper mastic.
For fibrous cement decks, use a tile-tie system.
Note: In high wind regions, install each tile with#8 or #9 brass flathead phillips or squaredrive screws and/or use wind clips. Wind
clips and sealants may be required by thelocal building codes.
Note: When using stainless steel screws, tilereplacement will require the use of a hacksaw to remove the screws. A slate rippermay be used with copper or brass fasteners.
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**Alpine conditions are defined as climactic areasthat experience frequent heavy winter snowfallintermittent with strong solar radiation commonto high altitude geography. (See Alpine Conditions
on Page 83 for more details.)
TileType Fastener Length Quik-Tach Brackets HurricaneClips
For Field Tile For Hip For Ridge
Flat Shingle Tiles
Flat Slab Shingle3/8 Boards: 11/2 2 Header Course: 11/2 Type C* N/A
Plywood: 1 3/4 V-Type: 21/2
Flat Slab Shingle5/8 Boards: 1 3/4 2 Header Course: 11/2 Type C* N/A
Plywood: 2 V-Type: 21/2
Antique, Brittany, Calais, Boards: 11/2 2 Header Course: 11/2 Type C* N/A
Crude, Colonial, Georgian, Plywood: 13/4 V-Type: 21/2
Norman, Provincial
Interlocking Ti les
Americana, Americana XL Boards: 13/4 2 2 1/2 Type C On Eave: 3/4
Classic, Classic XL, Plywood: 2 Above Eave: 11/4
Lanai, Lanai XL,
Williamsburg, Williamsburg XL
Celadon Boards: 1 3/4 2 2 1/2 Type C 1 1/4
Plywood: 2
Imperial Boards: 13
/4 2 21
/2 Type C 11
/4Plywood: 2
Interlocking Profi le Ti les
French Boards: 2 2 2 1/2 Not Required 1 3/4
Plywood: 2 1/2
S-Tiles
Spanish Boards: 1 1/2 2 2 1/2 Type B On Eave: 3/4
131/4, 18 3/8 Plywood: 1 3/4 Type D (18 3/8) Above Eave: 25/16
Pan & Cover Tiles For Cover For Panwith Stringer
Palm Beach & Plywood: 1 3/4 Type D (remaining)
Straight Barrel Mission
141/4, 16, 183/8, 2 Boards: 1 1/2 2 2 1/2 Type B (141/4) Wind Locks16 Tapered Mission 2 Boards: 1 1/2 2 2 1/2 Type D Wind Locks
Plywood: 1 3/4
Chart 2.3:Attachment Requi rements
IMPORTANT:
Before applicati on of Ludowici clay ti les in
alpine** conditions, plans must be submi tted to
the Ludowici Technical Department for approval.
Ludowici wi ll not assume any liabil i ty or respon-
sibi li ty for damage caused by the applicati on ofclay ti le in alpine condi ti ons.
*Type C brackets must be cut or bent for these tile patterns.
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8
Assemble All Tools and Supplies
The following tools are needed for basic
installation of clay roofs:
safety equipment as required by OSHA and
other local and state agencies
rule or tape masons trowel and bucket
chalk line and chalk
4 diamond-tipped turbo blade on angle grinder
claw hammer
protective eyewear/dust mask
chipping hammer
caulking gun
felt knife
sheet metal shears
roof jacks
slate ripper segmented diamond blade (8 to10 diameter)
wet tub saw
tile nippers
marking pencil
sharp steel punch
battery-operated, clutch-driven drill
(with extra batteries)
carbide spear point glass drill bits
small steel roller
In addition to tools, the following materials
are needed:
Flashing: use a minimum weight of 16 oz. copper,
at least 24 wide, with 1/4 edge turned over and
fastened with cleats for valleys. Under special
circumstances, such as unusual exposure to high
wind or heavy snow, this flashing weight shouldbe increased. Lighter weight copper flashings are
undesirable because they can puncture too easily
and they will not provide the wear-life required
for a long-life roof system.
Underlayment: two layers of No. 30 asphalt-
impregnated roofing felt or one layer of No. 43
coated base sheet, doubled on rough surfaces, hips,
valleys, and ridges, or one layer of self-adhesive
modified bitumen membrane such as
WinterGuard
. See WinterGuard ApplicationInstructions, Page 9.
Plastic cement: plastic cement for gable rakes,
hip rolls, ridges, stringers, and other conditions
should be non-running, heavy-body flashing
cement composed of mineral ingredients to meet
the requirements of ASTM D-4586.
Cant strips, wood nailers, and field tile nailer
strips: all should be foundation grade wood.
Mortar and mortar color to match tiles: Ludowici
defines mortar as one part Portland cement and
four parts sand (to ASTM specification C-270).
Silicone sealant or adhesive: the recommended
sealant for exposed caulking is Dow Corning
790 Silicone Building Sealant or GE SilProof
(ASTM C-920, low modules). These sealants may
be used as hidden adhesives. NP1 or other
adhesives may be suitable as well, however, care
should be taken to select for maximum durabilityand also for compatibility with adjacent materials.
Some sealants are available in different colors to
match tiles.
Required fasteners.
IMPORTANT:
All roofing components should be selected to be
compati ble wi th the long service li fe of a
Ludowici roof.
IMPORTANT:
All roof work can be hazardous. Safety
requi rements are spelled out by OSHA and
individual state Occupational Safety and Health
Administration regulations. I t is the responsibili ty
of the installer to take all necessary precautions.
Contact the Occupati onal Safety and Health
Administration for complete information
regarding safe roofi ng practices.
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7 Storage, Handling, and Inspection
Field tile is generally shipped in pallets, and fittingsin boxes. Upon receipt of shipment, the pallets andboxes should be examined for possible damage intransit and, if any, should be noted on the shippingpapers and a claim must be filed promptly againstthe delivering carrier. Ludowici Roof Tile willprovide information and assist you in the properfiling of a damage claim. Remember, however, thatprompt inspection of incoming merchandise isalways important as damage claims will not behonored by the carriers if they are not filed promptly.
The pallets and boxes of tile should be placed in alevel, safe place away from traffic and constructionactivity. Pallets of tile must not be stacked on top ofeach other.
If any problems are identified, notify LudowiciRoof Tile immediately. Do NOT install any of thetiles. Once the tiles are installed, they are consideredsuitable for use and will not be replaced except perthe terms of Ludowicis warranty.
Range of Tones
Colors within a given shipment of Ludowici clayroof tile will vary slightly due to subtle changes in
clay composition and kiln firing temperatures. Suchcolor variances are not a defect but a natural desirablefeature that gives roofs depth and character.
The person responsible for the blending of theshades of color should randomly select tiles fromat least three different pallets. This blending willensure a proper blend to provide a harmoniouscolor roof without blotches or streaks.
After the installation of about 75-100 tiles, the roofshould be inspected from the ground at a distance
greater than 40 feet to determine that there are nostreaks or blotches. To ensure a good range of tones,this inspection must be done at regular intervals.
WinterGuard Application Instructions
Appli cati on (Peel and Stick)
WinterGuard can be applied in any length
convenient to the applicator. First, align unrolled
material with lower edge of roof and hold in place.
Lift starting end of material (approximately 1 foot),
peel back and fold under at least 6of both sheets ofprotective release film. Carefully return the exposed
adhesive surface to the deck and press firmly in
place. If, at lower temperatures, material does not
adhere immediately, tack in place mechanically.
Reroll material from the other end until the peeled
and folded back film is exposed. Beginning with the
folded back film, peel both sheets of the remaining
film from the roll, pulling parallel to the eave. Be
sure all material lays flat and is well adhered.
Alternatively, apply by the peel and flop methodutilizing the two-piece split sheet release film feature
to adhere longitudinal halves, one at a time. It is best
to cut the product into manageable lengths of about
12 feet when applying WinterGuard by this method.
The upper edge of WinterGuard must extend to a
point no less than 24 beyond the interior wall line
and, in areas of severe icing, at least up to the highest
water level expected to occur from ice dams. In
order to ensure waterproofing, overlap all sides and
ends 6 , press overlaps firmly with a roller, and off-
set end laps 2 feet from course to course.
Valleys, Ridges and H ips
In the valleys, the width of the material must be
36 minimum, and on the ridges and hips, 12
minimum. Cut WinterGuard to convenient pre-
measured lengths (4-6 feet recommended). Peel off
the release film and drape the sheet into place
allowing the membrane to locate and adhere in the
valley center line or ridge peak first, working out-ward toward the edges. In valleys, start the applica-
tion at the low point and work upwards. To ensure
waterproofing, overlap all sheets 6 at lap joints. Do
not use WinterGuard as a permanent weathering
surface (such as in open valleys).
CAUTION:Solvent-based flashing cement or caulking(sealant)must not come into contact with abitumen membrane in order to preventdamage to the membrane.
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10
9
Figure 2.4 Snowguard with Interlocking Tile
Color Blending with DifferentColor Tile
Blending different tile colors can provide a uniqueand aesthetically pleasing roof.
Make a drawing to detail the layout and to help
determine the proper number of tiles of each color.
In order to maintain the correct color blend, pulltiles from the different pallets of each color. Premixthese piles in the desired percentage and load theroof one square at a time. This will provide evendistribution.
After the installation of about 75-100 tiles, the roofshould be inspected from the ground at a distancegreater than 40 feet to determine that there are nostreaks or blotches. To ensure a good color blend,
this inspection must be done at regular intervals.
Note: It may be helpful to lay the tile blend outon the ground so the installer has a visualexample. Make one person responsible forthe ongoing and end result of the blending.Complete information on color is availablein LudowicisGuide to Color.
Figure 2.3 Recommended Snowguard Spacing
A snowguard must be made of nonferrous materialto prevent possible rust stains. Many styles areavailable (see Figure 2.4).
10 Snowguards
Snowguards are generally required in areas wheresnow and ice may accumulate on the roof. Snow-guards are sometimes used on sloped roofs to preventa mass of snow or ice from sliding off the roofs andinjuring persons, damaging gutters or plants, andblocking walks and driveways. Snowguards hold thesnow in place above the eaves until it can melt andthe water runs off.
It is recommended that snowguards should beinstalled on at least 3 or 4 courses, offset fromcourse to course, spaced in staggered interval rows.Begin with the third or fourth row. However,spacing and quantity of snowguards is a matterof judgement based on local weather conditions(see Figure 2.3).
Alpine conditions will require a professional engi-neer to design the required snow retainage system.Tile should not be exposed to ice and snow loadsexceeding 100 pounds per square foot.
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Prepari ng the Roof
Figure 3.1 Ice Dam Protection and Single Sheet Underlayment
Plies of Waterproof Underlayment Material
Installed Up to a Point 24 as Required Inside the
Exterior Wall Line of Building to Provide an Ice
Dam Protection Membrane
Succeeding Courses of No. 43 Coated
Base Sheet Underlayment to be 36
Wide (After Meeting Minimum
Requirements for Ice Damming)
Wood De
Backnail Sheet
2
36
Note: All Dimensions are Approximate
Inspecting the Deck
Ensure that the roof deck is clean, smooth, anddry before roof tiles are applied.
Verify that there is no significant delamination,warpage, bowing, or separation from the raftersor trusses. Check for deck rot.
If deck is APA 3/4 rated plywood, check thatpanels are spaced approximately 1/16 to amaximum of 1/8 apart for expansion and H-clipsare used between supports when the rafter spacingexceeds 16 O.C. Unsupported end joints mustbe blocked.
Make repairs to the deck as necessary.
Note: Prior to applying any roofing material, allcontractor work above the roofline mustbe completed.
Installing the Underlayment
Most problems with water-shedding roof installationsoccur from water that migrates through the jointsof the tiles through capillary action, wind-drivenrain, and runoff or ice damming. Because of thispossibility, the underlayment is critical to the successof the roof.
As a minimum, all decks must be covered with twolayers of No. 30 asphalt-impregnated roofing felt orone layer of No. 43 coated base sheet.
Note: Underlayment materials must be coveredwith tile as soon as possible to preventdegradation from exposure.
IMPORTANT:
On low pi tches, from 3:12 to the standard
recommended product minimums, or in regions
where ice dams may occur, i t is requi red to apply
a self-adhering modified bi tumen membrane or
waterproof underlayment , such as CertainTeed
WinterGuardon the ent i re deck. Adequate
venti lation wi ll be required.
In regions where ice dams may occur, the water-
proof underlayment should be extended a
minimum of 24 upslope from the inside of the
interi or wall li ne of the building directly to the
roof deck.
If wood cant strips and nailers are nailed directly to the
deck, they must be covered with waterproof underlay-ment. If nailed on the underlayment, they should bepressure treated wood.
For single layer of No. 43 coated base sheet:
Lay base sheet parallel to eave. Side lap 2 andend lap 6 .
1
2
36
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12
Figure 3.2 Application of Double Layer Felt Underlayment
Optional:2 Starter Felt Setin Vertical GradeAsphalt Cementon Metal
Backnail Sheets Wood Deck
No. 30 Asphalt-saturateFelt Starter Course Covewith Asphalt Cement
Note: All dimensions are approximate
2 side lap
1936
First and Succeeding Coursesof Underlayment to be 36 Wide and Lapped 19
17
For double layer, foll ow these steps:
1. First apply a 19 starter sheet parallel to eave.Backnail sheets with corrosion resistant,11-gauge, 3/8 head standard roofing nails,sufficient to hold the felts in place.
2. Then completely cover the starter sheet with a
full-width sheet.
3. Lap succeeding sheets 19 over the precedingsheets, leaving a 17 exposure (2 lap). End lapsshould be a minimum of 6 (see Figure 3.2).
Note: All roofing underlayment materials should becarried 6 up all vertical surfaces and 4 overgutter and valley metal.
Concrete Deck
If roof deck is poured concrete, embed pressuretreated 1 x 2 beveled wood strips, extending fromeave to ridge, spaced 20 O.C. Concrete must besmooth and flush. A concrete primer is recommendedespecially in those areas where waterproof underlay-ment will be used. Apply No. 43 coated base sheetand fasten with 3/8 x 1 1/2 lath nailed from eave to
ridgeatop embedded strips. Apply 1 x 2 woodstrips horizontally across lath spaced to accommo-date the correct tile exposure and proceed asdirected for a sheathed roof (see Figures 3.3 and 3.4).
Note: Where ice dam protection is required,install waterproof underlayment materialup to a point 24 inside the interior wallline of the building.
Figure 3.3 Batten System of Attachment for Concrete Deck
3/8 x 1 1/2Pressure TreatedWood LathCounter Battens
20
Center to Center
Nominal 1 x 2 Pressure TreatedWood BattensWaterproof
Underlayment
3/8 x 1 1/2Pressure Treated
Lath Nailer
No. 43Coated Base Sheet
Figure 3.4 Application of Batten System to Poured Concrete Roof Deck
20 O.C.Longitudinal Section Through Roof
Set to Tile Exposure
Cross Section Through Roof
1 x 2 Pressure TreatedBeveled Vertical
Strips
HorizontalPressure Treated
1 x 2 Wood BattenConcreteRoof Deck
HorizontalPressure Treated
1 x 2 Wood BattenConcreteRoof Deck
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3 Ice Dam Protection
Ice dam protection is recommended in areas wherethe January mean temperature is 30 F or less andon all pitches below the standard minimums. Thisprotection must be installed wherever there is apossibility of ice forming along the eaves which willcause a back-up of water and may cause buildingand interior damage. Consider your local weatherconditions.
Apply self-adhering CertainTeed WinterGuard,or equivalent, directly to the deck according toapplication instructions provided with the product.WinterGuard must extend up the roof to a point atleast 24 beyond the interior wall line, and in areas ofsevere icing at least up to and above the highest waterlevel expected to occur from ice dams (see Figure 3.5).
Please note that the 24 point beyond the interior wallli ne is a minimum recommendation. WinterGuard
should be applied to all roof decking which past history
and professional experience suggest might be subject to
ice dam back-up. If considering using ice dam
protection on the entire surface of the roof deck, insure
that adequate venti lati on is present to prevent the
development of damaging condensation on the under-
side of the roof deck*.
If a wide eave overhang requires flashing widerthan 36 , the necessary 6 minimum horizontallap must be located on the overhang outsidethestructure walls. End laps must be a 6 minimum.Underlayment should meet ASTM D-1970.
Figure 3.5 Ice Dam Protection
WinterGuard Applied a Minimum 24
Beyond Interior Wall Line
CAUTION:
Solvent -based flashing cement must not come in
contact wi th CertainTeed WinterGuard or other
simi lar waterproofi ng underlayment, or damage
to the underlayment could occur.
*For complete information on attic ventilation,obtain The Principles of Attic Ventilation, copyright1997, or call 1-800-AIRVENT.
For more information on Alpine Conditions,obtain a copy ofThe Concrete and Interlocking TileRoof Design Criteria Manual for Snow and Ice Regions,
Leland E. Gi llan, P.E. & Terry Anderson, publishedby NTRMA/WSRCA or from your local Ludowicisales representative.
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14
Measuring and Chalking the Roof
Layout and chalking the roof accurately are critical tothe roof s performance and appearance. If the eavesare straight and level, all horizontal lines must beparallel to the eaves, and all vertical lines must beperpendicular to the eaves. Check the roof deck todetermine if the deck is square prior to layout.
Step 1:Determine Width and Length Exposure
Clay tiles, depending on the style and profile, varyin exposure and recommended head lap (see Chart3.1). Pan and Cover styles begin with a full tile.Other types, such as flat and interlocking, aregenerally started with a half-width tile in orderto offset the joints.
Before chalking the roof, the installer should verify the
tile pattern being installed, and measure, notingaveragelength and width exposures of the tileshipped. The usual overhang at the eave is 2;however, this may be adjusted slightly toaccommodate full courses. Measure the roof fromeave to ridge to ascertain whether the final coursecan be a full length tile or if a short course needsto be cut.
Some tile styles may allow the head lap to beincreased over several courses to avoid cutting ashort course. The tile styles which do not allow thehead lap to be increased are Spanish, French, Greek,Roman, and tapered barrel mission tile.
Step 2:Chalking Verti cal Lines
Vertical lines are chalked first. In the case of a hiproof, the first line is struck in the center of the roofequidistant from each hip (see Figure 3.6). Theremaining vertical lines are then struck to the rightand left at intervals equal to youraverage widthexposure. Care must be taken to ensure that all
vertical lines are parallel to the water flow.
Figure 3.6 Chalking Vertical Lines to Guide Installation
Center Line of Eave
Vertical
Chalk Lines
Ridge Nailer
IMPORTANT:
The ti le dimensions can vary because of clay fi ring
temperatures. Be sure to measure actual ti les in
your shipment to determine their average width
and length dimensions, so you can chalk your roof
properly.
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Step 3:Chalki ng Hori zontal Lines
Horizontal lines are struck after the vertical linesare struck.
For S-Tile, Pan and Cover Tile, and InterlockingProfile Tile, the first line will equal the average lengthof the tiles minus the overhang. For example, a tile
with an overall length of 16 minus a 2 overhangindicates the first line is to be 14 up from the eave.Successive lines are then struck at intervals equal toyouraverage length of exposure.
For Flat Shingle and Interlocking Tile, the first linewill equal the average length of the under eave tileminus the overhang, typically 2 (see Figure 3.7).
Length exposure of flat shingle tile is determinedby subtracting 2 from the tile length and then
dividing by 2. Example:15 length 2 triple head lap = 132 = 6 1/2 exposure.
Under Eave Course
For Flat Shingle Tile, the second line will equal theaverage length of the tile minus the overhang, laiddirectly over the under eave, then all successive lineswill also be chalked as previously described.
For Flat Shingle, Interlocking, and Straight BarrelMission Tile, your eave to ridge measurement maydetermine the average length exposure rather than
the size of the tile itself. For example, suppose theeave to ridge measurement is 105 1/2 and you wereusing Interlocking tiles (average length exposure of11 ). You might then determine to lay the first tileat an 11 exposure as usual, and 10 1/2 exposurefor each of the remaining nine courses. Here is thecalculation: eave to ridge measurement of 105 1/2minus 11 for the first course equals 94 1/2;therefore 94 1/2 divided by 9 equals 10 1/2.
Care must be taken to ensure that all horizontal
lines are perpendicular to the water flow.
Note: Measuring and chalking for a tower tileinstallation is unique and deserves specialattention please see Section 10, Page 80.
Equal to
Exposure
Equal to
Exposure
Plywood Roof Deck
2
Overhang
First Course
Tile Length Minus
Overhang
Figure 3.7 Typical Layout for Horizontal Lines
Vertical Fascia
Required WaterproofUnderlayment
16Oz. Sheet
Copper Formed Drip
Edge with 1/ 2 Hem
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Tile Name Length Width Length Width Pieces/ Under Under AverageExposure Exposure Square Eave Eave Weight/
Length Width Square
Flat Shingle Ti les
Antique 12 7 5 7 412 7 7 1,650Brittany 12 7 5 7 412 7 7 1,900Calais 15 7 6 1/2 7 317 8 1/2 7 1,600
Colonial 14 5/8 7 3/8 6 5/16 7 3/8 310 8 5/16 7 3/8 1,800Crude 12 6 5 6 480 7 6 1,935Flat Slab Shingle 3/8 12 6 5 6 480 7 6 1,300
5/8 1,780Georgian 15 8 6 1/2 8 276 8 1/2 8 1,600Norman 15 7 6 1/2 7 317 8 1/2 7 1,600Provincial 15 7 6 1/2 7 317 8 1/2 7 1,575
Interlocking Ti les
Americana 14 9 11 8 1/4 158 4 5/8 12 800Americana XL 16 10 3/4 13 10 1/8 109 4 5/8 12 750Celadon 16 10 3/4 13 10 1/8 109 4 5/8 12 600Classic 14 9 11 8 1/4 158 4 5/8 12 800Classic XL 16 10 3/4 13 10 1/8 109 4 5/8 12 750Imperial 15 10 12 9 1/4 129 4 5/8 12 860Lanai 14 9 11 8 1/4 158 4 5/8 12 800Lanai XL 16 10 3/4 13 10 1/8 109 4 5/8 12 750Williamsburg 14 9 11 8 1/4 158 4 5/8 12 800Williamsburg XL 16 10 3/4 13 10 1/8 109 4 5/8 12 750
Interl ocking Profi le Ti les
French 16 1/4 9 13 3/8 8 1/8 133 NA NA 1,025
S-Tiles
Spanish 13 1/4 13 1/4 9 3/4 10 1/4 8 1/4 171 NA NA 90018 3/8 18 3/8 9 3/4 15 3/8 8 1/4 114 800
Pan and Cover T i les
16 Tapered Mission 16 P= 8 13 P= 31
/2 212 NA NA 1,230and Straight Barrel C*= 7 C*= 7Mission Pans CC = 10 1/216 Tapered 16 P*= 7 13 P= 2 246 NA NA 1,300Mission Cover C*= 7 C*= 7and Tapered Pans CC = 9Greek 12 3/4 P*= 9 3/4 10 P= 5 1/2 240 NA NA 1,550
C*= 6 1/2 C*= 6 1/2CC = 12
Roman 12 3/4 P*= 9 3/4 10 P= 5 1/2 240 NA NA 1,550C*= 6 1/2 C*= 6 1/2
CC = 12 Straight Barrel Mission 14 1/4 P= 8 11 1/4 P= 3 1/2 225 NA NA 1,250
C = 8 C = 8CC = 11 1/2
Straight Barrel Mission 16 P= 8 13 P= 3 1/2 192 NA NA 1,190C = 8 C = 8
CC = 11 1/2Straight Barrel Mission 18 3/8 P= 8 15 3/8 P= 3 1/2 163 NA NA 1,165
C = 8 C = 8CC = 11 1/2
Palm Beach 18 3/8 P= 8 15 3/8 P= 3 1/2 163 NA NA 1,100C*= 8 C*= 8
CC = 11 1/2
Italian Pan and Cover Note: Multiple combinations are possible. Please contact Ludowici Roof Tile for special instructions.
16
Chart 3.1:Average Length, Width, and Exposures of Ti le Styles
P= Pan (*Pan Measurement at Butt of Ti le) C = Cover (*Cover Measurement at Butt of Ti le) CC= Center to Center Dimensions
The average length and width exposures arebased on the usual sizes of these products.
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Chart3
.2:
Gu
idel
ines
for
Hor
izon
talSpacingw
itha
2OverhangatE
aveusing
Stan
dar
dExposure
Lengt
hs
Char
t3
.2shou
ldbeuse
dasaguid
eline
todeterm
ine
horizon
talspac
ing,as
longas
Ludow
iciaverage
lengt
h
exposure
isbeinguse
d.
An
tique,B
rittany,
Calais,
Georg
ian,
Colon
ial
Amer
icana,C
lass
ic,
Cela
don,C
lass
ic,
Cru
de,
Norman,
Provincial
Lanai,
Williamsburg
Lanai,
Williamsburg
Span
ish
Course
FlatSlabShingles
XLSe
ries
131/4
1
83/8
1
10
13
125/8
12
14
111/4
1
63/8
2
15
191/2
1815/16
23
27
211/2
3
13/4
3
20
26
251/4
34
40
313/4
4
71/8
4
25
321/2
319/16
45
53
42
6
21/2
5
30
39
377/8
56
66
521/4
7
77/8
6
35
451/2
443/16
67
79
621/2
9
31/4
7
40
52
501/2
78
92
723/4
1085/8
8
45
581/2
5613/16
89
105
83
124
9
50
65
631/8
100
118
931/4
1393/8
10
55
711/2
697/16
111
131
1031/2
1543/4
11
65
78
753/4
122
144
1133/4
1701/8
French
16
Tapered
Mission
Palm
Beach
Greek,
Roman
Imperial
Stra
ightBarre
lMission
Course
Italian
16Lengt
h
with183/8SBMPan
s
141/4
16
183/8
1
14
14
163/8
103/4
13
121/4
14
163/8
2
273/8
27
313/4
203/4
25
231/2
27
313/4
3
403/4
40
471/8
303/4
37
343/4
40
471/8
4
541/8
53
621/2
403/4
49
46
53
621/2
5
671/2
66
777/8
503/4
61
571/4
66
777/8
6
807/8
79
931/4
603/4
73
681/2
79
931/4
7
941/4
92
1085/8
703/4
85
793/4
92
1085/8
8
1075/8
105
124
803/4
97
91
105
124
9
121
118
1393/8
903/4
109
1021/4
118
1393/8
10
1343/8
131
1543/4
1003/4
121
1131/2
131
1543/4
11
1473/4
144
1701/8
1103/4
133
1243/4
144
1701/8
IMPORT
ANT:
The
tiled
imensionscanvary
becauseofc
layfiring
tempera
tures.B
esure
tomeasureac
tualt
iles
inyour
shipment
todeterm
ine
theiraveragew
idthan
dlengt
hdimensions,soyoucanchalk
yourroofproper
ly.
Americana,
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5
18
Applying Cant Strips, Wood Nailers,and Battens
After lining the roof, wood stringers for ridges andhips, cant strips at eaves, and battens as field tilenailer strips (required for certain patterns) areapplied. The heights of the stringers, battens and
cant strips are determined by the tile pattern, andthe type of fittings to be used.
Cant Str ips
Method 1:Apply a properly sized cant strip (seeChart 3.3) 48 long and pressure treated directlyto the underlayment, with 1/2 gap every 48 toallow drainage.
Method 2:Apply a properly sized cant strip (seeChart 3.3) directly to the wood sheathing. Cover
with copper flashing drip edge and underlayment(see Figure 3.8).
Method 3:Some tile patterns do not require theuse of a cant strip. These tiles are laid with an undereave fitting, eave closure or copper flashing dripedge with underlayment (see Figure 3.9).
For flat shingle tiles only, both the cant strip andan under eave fitting are used.
Tile Name Height of Cant Strip
Flat Shingle Tiles
Flat Slab Shingle3/8 3/4 x 2 + Under EaveFlat Slab Shingle5/8 1 x 2 + Under EaveCalais, Antique 1 x 2 + Under Eave
Georgian, Brittany 1 x 2 + Under EaveNorman, Crude 1 x 2 + Under EaveProvincial, Colonial 1 x 2 + Under Eave
Interl ocking Ti les
Americana,Americana XL Under EaveCeladon 1 x 2 Classic, Classic XL Under EaveImperial Under EaveLanai, Lanai XL Under EaveWilliamsburg,
Williamsburg XL Under EaveInterlocking Profi le Ti les
French 1 1/2 x 2
S-Tiles
Spanish - 13 1/4, 18 3/8 Eave Closure
Pan and Cover Ti les
Greek, Roman Eave ClosureItalian Eave ClosurePalm Beach Eave ClosureRoman Eave Closure
Straight Barrel Mission Eave ClosureTapered Mission Eave Closure
Tower Ti les Eave Closure
Chart 3.3:Proper Sizing for Cant Str ips
Figure 3.9 Under Eave Fitting for Starter Course
Example of Interlocking Tile
Waterproof
UnderlaymentRoof Deck Raised Edge
16 Oz. Copper
Perimeter Flashing
Waterproof
Underlayment
Roof DeckUnder Eave Fitting
Extended Edge
16 Oz. Copper
Perimeter Flashing
Figure 3.8 Cant Strip for Starter Course
Example of Flat Shingle Tile
Under Eave
Fitting
First Course
Second Course
Pressure Treated
1 X 2 Cant Strip
First Course
Vertical Fascia Vertical Fascia
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6
Wood Nailers and Str ingers
All wood stringers applied before the underlaymentis applied to the roof deck must be covered withtwo layers of coated base sheet or a self-adhesivemodified bitumen membrane. Stringers appliedover the underlayment must be pressure treatedand foundation grade wood. The sizes for stringers
vary with tile type. Wood stringers must be aminimum of 1 1/2 thickness and of proper heightto carry hip and ridge pieces.
Specification for proper sizing of ridge stringers, hipstringers, and wood nailing strips (battens) for endbands, and field tile for covers will be addressed inthe tile installation sections which follow.
Tile Distribution Over Deck
After all roof preparation has been completed, the tilesare evenly distributed on the roof, if pitch permits.
Note: Stacking distribution will depend on thenumber of tiles per square and the numberof tiles per stack.
Spacing of the tiles is determined by the width of theexposed tile times the number of courses being fed
per stack. If the tiles are stacked 8 high and the tileexposure is 10 and the stack feeds 2 courses, thenthe stacks would be placed 40 O.C.
Tile stacks normally start at the third course from theeave and continue with alternate courses.
The important aspect of tile loading is to evenlyspread the load across the roof using the properspacing to assure the proper amount of tile is loadedon the roof.
Remember to utilize the color blending instructions(see Page 9).
Figure 3.10 Distribution of Tile Over Roof
Stac
of T
Thir
WARNING:
Roof Loaded Tile Dur ing Severe Weather
It i s possible that strong winds could l i ft ti les off
the piles and send them flying off the roof, resulting
in injury to persons or damage to nearby property.
If t i les have been pre-loaded onto the roof deck
and strong winds or severe storms are predi cted,
remove the ti les and place them on ground level.
If t i les have not yet been loaded, then i t is
recommended not to do so unti l the threat of
bad weather has disappeared.
Pre-loading the roof deck wi th ti les pri or to
start ing the actual installation wi ll provideconvenience and faster installati on, but should
only be done if weather conditi ons permi t. Use
common sense so that you do not become liable
for damage or personal injury.
WARNING:
Do not leave stacked t i les on the roof for extended
periods of time. The concent rated load can begin
to slide on the heated underlayment sheet. This
sliding could cause injur y to persons or damage to
nearby property.
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20
Cutting, Notching, and Drilling
Cutting
Tiles should be cut wet on the job with a masonryor tile saw equipped with a diamond blade.Segmented blades will be the most efficient. Slightsurface chipping will occur during the cuttingoperation. The sliding saw table and tub should beas large as possible to accommodate cutting thetiles diagonally.
Ludowici tiles are extremely hard, which providesthe tiles with low moisture absorption. Dry cutting
techniques used on softer tile products will not workas fast with these hard tile. Dry cutting with a goodsegmented turbo diamond blade ispossible. Bestresults have been obtained using a 4 diamondtipped segmented blade mounted on a small rightangle grinder motor.
Notching
One time saving option to drilling through the tilesis to notch it with the small 4 diamond blade sawand then nail or wire in place. If using a field tile forthe starter course or ridge, dovetail notches are cut.Make sure cuts are wide enough for nail or screw(see Figure 3.11).
Dri l l ing
Additional nail holes may also be drilled if necessary.High torque electric drills may snap the carbide bitsin the extremely hard Ludowici tile. Drills should bebattery-powered, adjustable clutch-driven types. Todrill out holes, the tile should be set in a pan with
water to extend bit life and avoid the risk of eyeinjury due to fragments. Expect to drill only about6 holes per carbide bit.
Figure 3.11 Ridge and/ or Under Eave Course Notched and Fastened
Nail or Screw
WARNING:
Always use protective eye and face wear when
operating a masonry saw.
WARNING:
Dry dri ll ing may result in serious eye injury.
Always use protecti ve eye and face wear when
dri lli ng ti le.
Never use 115-240 volt AC-operated dr i lls in
water. Electrical shock could resul t.
Note: Unnecessary cutting and drilling time canadd substantial cost to the job. Carefullyconsider tile layout before starting the workto minimize cutting and drilling.
7
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I nstal l i ng the Flashi ng
Eave Flashing
Where eave metal flashing is used, it should be
formed using a minimum of 16 oz. sheet copperwith a drip edge along the bottom to allow waterto drip off the edge of the roof. See Figure 4.1.
Figure 4.1 Perimeter Flashing with Cant Strips
16 Oz. Copper
Extended Edge
Perimeter Flashing
16 Oz. Copper
Extended Edge
Perimeter Flashing
2 Pressure Treated
Wood Cant Strip2 Pressure Treated
Wood Cant Strip
Roof Deck Roof Deck
Rake Edge Flashing
Usually rake edge flashing is NOT specified sinceLudowici has specific rake tiles to finish the gablerakes. I f a rake edge flashing is required, a formed,16 oz. or heavier copper flashing should be installedto serve as a drip edge and as a finished edge.
The gable flashing is to be installed over the water-proof underlayment. The flashing must extend 5 onto the deck and must have a 1/2 hemmed edge(see Figure 4.2). At the edge of the roof deck, theflashing is to extend up (perpendicular to the deck)
2 and back down at least 5 1/2 along the gablefascia board with a 1/2 crimp at the bottom edge toserve as a drip edge. Thegable flashing pieces are tolap each other to form an overlap of at least 4 .
Figure 4.2 Metal Rake Edge
End Band
Shingle Tile
16 Oz. Copper
Gable Flashing/ Rake
Drip Edge
WinterGuard
or Waterproof
Underlayment
No. 43 Coated
Base Sheet
IMPORTANT:
Where roofs intersect other roofs, parapet walls,chimneys, venti lators, vent pipes and simi lar
projections, flashings are requi red. There is a
natural weakness at these intersecti ons and
properly instal led flashings are requi red to make
the intersecti on waterti ght. Contracti on and
expansion due to temperature changes contribute
to the weakness, so it is extremely important to
correctly design and i nstall the fl ashings and to
use durable fl ashing material (a minimum of
16 oz. sheet copper is recommended).
General fl ashing details are shown in this section
but many more exist for each part icular si tuati on
which cannot be covered in the context of this ti le
installat ion manual. Proper flashing instal lat ions
are cri ti cal for a waterti ght roof.
1/2
Hemmed
Edge
21
2
WinterGuard
or Waterproof
Underlayment
WinterGuard
or Waterproof
Underlayment
2 Copp
Cleat
Vertical Fascia
Vertical Fascia
Vertical Fascia
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22
Lap Copper
Flashing 8
Ridge
Waterproof
Underlayment
16 Oz. Copper ValleyMetal Formed fromApproximately 24 W ideMetal. Minimum 4
Extension Under Tile
Lap Self-AdhesiveModified BitumenMembrane12 Minimum Overlapin Valley
2 Copper Cleat8-24 ApartBend Clip OverNail Head
Figure 4.3 Typical Open Valley Flashing for Pan and Cover Tiles
Flashing at Valleys
Valleys, since they collect the water runoff fromthe portions of the roof sloping into them, areparticularly prone to water migration and leak-age. A clear and unobstructed pathway for quickwater drainage is essential in valleys. There aretwo basic types of valleys in tile roof installation:open and closed valleys.
Open Valleys
In an open valley construction the tiles are heldback from the center of the valley to expose thecopper flashing. The advantage of an open valleyis that it permits unobstructed drainage. Openvalleys are recommended in areas withsurrounding foliage where the leaves, needles,and other debris can fall on the roof and
potentially slow or block the runoff of waterfrom the roof (see Figures 4.3 and 4.5).
The valley metal is to be secured with approvedfasteners. At no time are nails to be placed in thearea of the valley that will be carrying water.
Figure 4.5
Cross Section Showing Valley Flashing on Wood Roof Base
16 Oz./ Sq. Ft.
Copper Flashing
Copper
Cleat
Roof DeckWinterGuard or
WaterproofUnderlayment
Figure 4.4 Typical Open Valley Flashing for Shingle Tile
2 Copper Clips
8 -24 Apart.
Bend Clip Over
Nail Head.
Lap Self-Adhesive
Bitumen Membrane
12 Minimum Overlap
in Valley
16 Oz. Copper Valley
Metal Formed from
Approximately 24 Wide
Metal. Minimum 4
Extension Under Tile.
Lap Copper Flashing
8 Minimum.
Copper
Cleat
Valley Tile Valley Tile
Copper Cleat
Nail
Minimum 16 Oz.
Copper Sheet Flashing
WinterGuard orWaterproof
Underlayment
Minimum of 6
Exposed Width at
Top of Valley
Water Diverter
12
3
Covered Fasteners for
Bottom Valley Metal
3 MinimumOpening at Top
of Valley
IMPORTANT:
Metal exposure wi dth shall increase 1 for every
8 feet of valley run towards the eave.
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IMPORTANT:
Fasteners must never penetrate valley flashings.
Cut valley tiles must be notched (existing holes can
also be used) and wi red to fasteners driven into
the deck beyond the flashing (see Figure 4.8).
Closed Valleys
In a closed valley, the tiles from the adjoining roofare mitered and abutted. Since water migratesthrough a closed valley onto the sheet copper flashingwhich carries the runoff, this type of construction isconsidered decorative. Closed valleys should not beused where foliage debris can fall onto the roof.
Another area where it is strongly discouraged iswhere the rafter length or pitch varies on adjacentroof planes. It is important that correspondingcourses align coming into the valley.
Note: Underlayment for all valleys must be a fullwidth sheet (36 ) of two layers of No. 43coated base sheet or a layer of self-adhesivemodified bitumen membrane. Each coursefrom the adjoining fields must overlap thevalley underlayment by at least 12 .
All closed valleys should be step flashed with a 16 oz.copper sheet, at least 24 wide with a 1/2 edgeturned over and fastened with cleats. Joints shouldbe lapped at least 8 , but not soldered.
Figure 4.8 Typical Closed Mitered Valley for Flat Shingle Tile with Stepped Flashing
16 Oz. Copper
Valley Flashing
WinterGuard or
Waterproof
Underlayment
Do Not Nail Into
Copper Valley
16 Gauge
Solid Copper
Wire Without
Insulation
Valley Flashing Pieces
Should Extend Approximately
9 Beyond Both Sides
of Valley Center Line
Shingle
Field Tile
8 Lap for Copper
Valley Flashing
2 Copper Cleat -
Bend Clip Over
Nail Head
Figure 4.7 Section of a Closed Valley
Figure 4.6 Closed Valley Flashing Pattern
Using Standard Exposure
2 Minimum
16 oz.
Sheet Copper
Flashing
WinterGuard or
Waterproof
Underlayment
Celado
Ceramic S
Length of Tile
1/2 Hem
Folded Over
1
Shee
Roof Deck
Pressure Treated
Wood Cant
Strip
1
Shee
Dr
Vertic
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24
Flashing at Vertical Walls
Two methods of flashing at vertical walls are typicallyused: step flashing and channel or pan flashing.Generally, step flashing is used with flat tiles andchannel flashing with pan and cover tiles.
Step Flashing
In the step method of flashing, individual 16 oz.sheet copper flashing is applied between each courseof tile. A minimum head lap of 3 must be providedfrom step flashing to step flashing. See Figure 4.9.
The following criteria should be used to determine the
appropriate size for step flashing:
1. The step flashings should have a minimum of3 overlap over each other.
2. The step flashing should extend up the verticalsurface a minimum of 4 and a minimum of2 overlap of the siding, cladding or coppercounterflashing.
3. The step flashing should extend a minimumof 5 onto the roof so that there is at least a5 overlap of the underlying tile.
4. The flashing should be at least 16 oz. sheet copper.
Figure 4.9 Copper Step Flashing with Flat Shingle Tile
Siding/
Cladding
Air Retarder
or Felt
Siding/ CladdingServes as
Counterflashing aMinimum of 2
Above Roof Surface
WaterproofUnderlayment
ExtendingUp Side Wall
16 Oz. Sheet
Copper Step
Flashing
Tile
Channel or Pan Flashing
Channel or pan flashing, used with profile tiles, isdesigned to extend under the tiles rather than beinginterwoven between courses. See Figure 4.10.
The following procedures are used to install channel
or pan flashing:
1. Waterproof underlayment should extended 6 up the vertical wall.
2. The copper flashings vertical flange shouldextend approximately 4 up the wall.
3. Each length of copper channel flashing shouldextend a minimum of 8 over the underlyinglength of copper channel flashing.
4. The copper flashing channel should extend aminimum of 3 under the tile.
5. The copper flashing should be fastened throughthe vertical flange, near the upper portion atapproximately 12 on center. (The flashingchannel should not be penetrated with fastenerssince it is acting as a gutter.)
6. The wall underlayment and the siding or claddingshould be brought down a minimum of 2 overthe upper portion of the vertical flange.
Figure 4.10 Channel Flashing with Pan and Cover Tile
16 Oz. Sheet
Copper Channel
Flashing
5
Minimum
6 Vertical
Minimum
3MinimumOverlap
6MinimumAboveRoofing
3 Minimum
Under Tile
Fastener
16 Oz. Sheet
Copper VerticalFlange Extending
Up Side Wall
1/2 Hemmed
Edge
Waterproof Underlayment
Extending Up Side Wall
Minimum1/2 Leg
4
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Figure 4.11 Open Valley at Main Roof to Dormer
Juncture with Flat Shingle Tile
Flashing at Open Valley at Main Roofto Dormer Juncture
For flashing where an open valley occurs at theintersection of a dormer roof and the main roof, thefollowing steps should be taken.
1. The main roof tiles should be installed to justabove the lower end of the valley, where thevalley and the main roof intersect. Along theroof/wall juncture, step or channel flashingmust be used and the last tile in the courseshould fit closely against the wall of the dormer.See Figure 4.11.
2. The bottom end of the copper valley flashingshould be cut so that it extends 1/2 below thedown-slope edge of the dormer roof deck at thebottom of the valley. This lower cut edge should
project a minimum of 2 below the intersectionof the dormer and main roof.
Dormer Roof
First Course
Shingle
Under Eave Tile
Dormer Siding
Copper
Step Flashing
Copper
Counter Flashing
4 MinimumCopper Apron
Flashing
Copper
Valley
Approximately
24 Wide2 Minimum
Extension
Step
Flashing
2 Extension
5
1/2 Minimum
Extension
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26
Flashing at Chimney
Since the foundations of chimneys are usuallystructurally separate, the flashing around chimneysneeds to be able to accommodate movement fromdifferential settlement without compromising thewatertightness of the roof. Regardless of the climate,install WinterGuard or self-adhesive modified bitu-men membrane around the base of the chimneybefore the underlayment is applied as a protectionagainst ice dams. Four types of flashing are requiredto properly flash around chimneys.
1. Apron flashing at the downslope face over theinstalled tiles 4 minimum exposed width,6 up the face of the chimney and continuouslycounterflashed.
2. Step flashing (for flat tiles) or channel flashing
(for profile tiles) along the sides of the chimney.Use the details from Figures 4.9 or 4.10, Page 24.
3. Cricket or backer flashing on the upslope sideor back.
4. Continuous counterflashing embedded inmasonry joints.
Counterflashing
Sheet copper counterflashing should be installed tooverlap all vertical flashing flanges extended up thesides of chimneys. This is best accomplished by themason during construction. See Figure 4.12.
Figure 4.12 Chimney Flashing with Shingle Tile
16 Oz. Copper Upslope
Cricket Flashing
16 Oz.Copper
Counterflashing
16 Oz. Copper Step Flashing
Apron Flashing with
Hemmed Drip Edge
Figure 4.13 Chimney Flashing with Mission Tile
16 Oz. Coppe
Channel
Flashing
Soft Metal Apron Flashing
with Sufficient Length for Forming
Over Tile Contours
16 Oz. Copper Upslope
Cricket Flashing
16 Oz.Copper
Counterflashing
Figure 4.14 Examples of Counterflashing in Mortar Joint
Continuous CounterflashingEmbedded in Mortar Joint
16 Oz. Copper Counterflashing
16 Oz. Copper Channel Flashing
Cover Tile
WaterproofUnderlayment
Masonry
Chimney
Note: A cricket is required to direct water runoffaround the upslope side of the chimney.
Roof Deck
4 16 Oz. Copper
Apron Flashing
6 Minimum
16 Oz. Copper
Vertical Flange
Flashing
4 16 Oz. Copper
Apron Flashing
6 Minimum
16 Oz. Copper
Vertical Flange
Flashing
6
Pan Tile
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Additional Flashing Details
Plumbing pipe vents and stacks, skylights,roof-to-roof transition, and other penetrationsall require special flashing.
Figure 4.15 Flashing at Skylights
Integral
Counterflashing
with Hemmed
Drip Edge
4 Minimum
16 Oz. Copper
Apron Flashing
with Lower Edge
Hemmed Under
16 Oz. Copper Backflashing
Extends Upslope Under Tiles
Approximately 24
Waterproof
Underlayment
Turned Up at Curb
16 Oz. Copper
Counterflashing
Figure 4.16 Pipe Penetration Flashing for Shingle Tile
16 Oz. Copper Sheet or
Soft Metal Flashing
Extended Upslope to Achieve3 Head Lap
WinterGuard or
Waterproof
Underlayment
Roll Top of Flashing into
Pipe or Cap with FormedSoft Metal Cap
Soldered
Flashing Sleeve
Raised Curb 16 Oz. Copper Step Flashing
Figure 4.17 Pipe Penetration Flashing for Spanish Tiles
Soil Pipe
Through Roof
Soldered
Flashing Sleeve
(Copper or Lead)
Roll Top of Flashing
Into Pipe or Cap with
Formed, Soft Metal
PrimaryFlashing Sleeve
Install with
Sealant
Metal Flashing
Extended Upslope toAchieve a 3 Head Lap
WinterGuard or
Waterproof
Underlayment
Roof Deck
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Figure 4.18 Flashing at High Slope to Low Slope (for Interlocking Tile)
GAMBRELTransition
16 Oz. Copper Flashing(Angles Change
According to Roof Slope)
Waterproof
Underlayment
Copper Cleat
1 x 2Pressure TreatedWood Cant Strip
16 Oz. Sheet Copper
Flashing Metal
Field Tile
Sealant
WinterGuard orWaterproof
Underlayment
Field Tile
Figure 4.19 Flashing at Low Slope to High Slope (for Interlocking Tile)
Figure 4.20 Flashing to Curved Rafter (for Interlocking Tile)
Waterproof
Underlayment
16 Oz.Copper Cleat
Sealant
Field Tile
16 Oz. Sheet CopperFlashing Metal
WaterproofUnderlayment
Field Tile
Under Eave Tile
16 Oz. SheetCopperDrip Edge
HIGH TO LOW SLOPETransition Copper Flashing(Angles Change According
to Roof Slope)
16 Oz. Sheet Copper Flashing
Sealant
Sealant
OptionalPressure TreatedWood Cant Strip
Sealant
1 x 2Pressure TreatedWood Cant Strip
WaterproofUnderlayment16 Oz.CopperCleat
16 Oz. SheetCopper
Drip Edge
Sealant
Roof Deck
Sealant
Roof Deck
Under Eave Tile
Roof Deck
Vertical Fascia
Vertical Fascia
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Flat Shingle Ti leInstal lat i on
IMPORTANT:
Before starti ng ti le installation, i t i s important that
the roofer understand how the Flat Shingle Ti le
pattern being installed relates to the roof design.
The following roof preparations must becompleted before installing any roof tile.For detailed information on these items refer to theprevious sections in this book or the NRCA Manualon Steep Roofing.
Install the flashings required for ensuring water-tightness:
Eave Flashing Rake Edge Flashing Valley Flashing Dormer and Sidewall Flashing, Skylight Flashing,
Chimney and Cricket Flashing Vent Flashing
Underlayment for the entire roof deck, includingtheappropriate waterproof underlaymentsrequired for all flashing and, where required, theice dam membrane
Roof surface chalked with vertical and horizontallines
Instructions Specific to
Installing Flat Shingle Tile
Tile Cant Strips
Cant strips for Ludowici Flat Shingle tile are requiredat the eave line together with the under eave tile toprovide the proper angle for the starter course (seeFigure 5.4, Page 32). The cant strip nominaldimensions should be per Chart 5.1 and a maxi-mum length of 48 . Cant strips are to be installedwith a 1/2 gap between the ends of the strips.
Nominal 2 WideTreated Wood
Ridge Stringer Long Top
Tile
Short Top
Tile
V-Ridge
Tile
Under Eave Tile Field Tile V-Hip Starter
Tile
Nominal 2 Wide
Treated Wood Hip Stringer
Waterproof
Underlayment
Cut Field Tile for Hip -
Left
Roof Deck
Waterproof
Underlayment
End Band
V - 2 Hip & 1 Ridge Terminal
(Starter)
Sealant
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If the cant strip is installed directly to the wooddecking, refer to the Figure 5.2 for properinstallation details.
Chart 5.1:
Cant Str ip Nominal Dimensions When Using an Under Eave Ti le
Flat Shingle Tile Style Nominal Size of Cant Strip
Flat Slab Shingle 3/8 3/4 x 2Flat Slab Shingle 5/8 1 x 2
Antique, Brittany, Calais,
Colonial, Crude, Georgian, 1 x 2
Norman, and Provincial
If the cant strip is to be installed directly (on top) ofthe underlayment, they are to be pressure-treated,foundation-grade wood and installed to have a 1/2gap between the ends of the 48 long cant strips.
Figure 5.1Cant Strip Installed Directly to the
Underlayment Prior to Under Eave Fitting
Figure 5.2Cant Strip Installed Directly to the
Wood Deck Prior to Under Eave Fitting
16 Oz. Copper
Extended Edge
Perimeter Flashing
16 Oz. Copper
Raised Drip Edge
Flashing
Vertical Fascia Vertical Fascia
2 Pressure Treated
Cant Strip 2 Pressure Treated
Cant Strip
Roof Deck Roof Deck
WinterGuard or
Waterproof Underlayment
Overlaps Flashing Flange
WinterGuard or
Waterproof Underlayment
Overlaps Flashing Flange
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Hip and Ridge Stringers
If the design requires Hip and Ridge tile, nominal2 wide wood stringers are required. All woodstringers should be pressure-treated, foundation-grade wood and should be covered with a 36 wide,self-adhesive modified bitumen membrane, such asCertainTeed WinterGuard, or 2 layers of No. 43coated base sheet. Consult Chart 5.2 to determinethe correct stringer height for V-Hip and Ridgeregular tile. Ridge roof pitches exceeding 14 riseto 12 run requ