Comparing objects and changing color · Comparing objects and changing color This is an...

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Comparing objects and changing color This is an modification of the July 2009/June 2015 changing color tutorial by Susan Rodger, Erin Taylor, and David Yan By Natalie Huffman Under the direction of Susan Rodger Duke University June 2017 Functions, parameters, properties, and random numbers What is a function? • A function is a subset of code that can accept inputs (called parameters) and return outputs • Functions help simplify code • Examples of built-in functions are getHeight and getDistanceTo • In this tutorial, we will write our own functions

Transcript of Comparing objects and changing color · Comparing objects and changing color This is an...

Page 1: Comparing objects and changing color · Comparing objects and changing color This is an modification of the July ... A box will pop up for you to fill in the custom string • We

Comparingobjectsandchangingcolor

ThisisanmodificationoftheJuly2009/June2015changingcolor

tutorialbySusanRodger,ErinTaylor,andDavidYan

ByNatalieHuffmanUnderthedirectionofSusanRodger

DukeUniversityJune2017

Functions,parameters,properties,andrandom

numbers

Whatisafunction?

• Afunctionisasubsetofcodethatcanacceptinputs(calledparameters)andreturnoutputs

• Functionshelpsimplifycode• Examplesofbuilt-infunctionsaregetHeightandgetDistanceTo

• Inthistutorial,wewillwriteourownfunctions

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Parts

• Part1:createfunctionthatcomparestwoobjectsandreturnstheshorter

• Part2:createaseagullfunctionthatchangesthecoloroftheseagullwhenitisclickedon

• Part3:createasnowmanfunctionthatturnsthesnowmanarandomcolorwhenitisclickedon

• Part4:createafunctionthatreturnsthecolorofthesnowman,asastring

PART1

• CreateanAliceworldandaddobjects• Createascenefunctionthatcanbeusedtocomparetheheightofobjects

• Createparameters

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StartanAliceworldwithgrassandaddlioness(quadruped),bunny(biped),seagull(flyer),andsnowman(biped)

Clickon“editcode”andaddaScenefunction

Clickon“unset”underreturntypeandselect“GalleryClass”

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Select“SJointedModel”fromthelistNoticethatallfourobjectshavechecksnexttotheirnames,meaningtheyareincluded

inthiscategory

ClickOK,andnamethefunction“objectThatIsShorter”

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Whatdoesthisfunctiondo?

• Functionscalculateandreturnananswer• Becausewechose“SJointedModel”,ourfunctionmustreturnan“SJointedModel”,whichisacategoryallfourofourobjectsfallinto

• Ourfunctionwillcomparethesnowmanandtheseagullandreturntheshorterone

Draginanifstatementandchoose“true”

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Clickonthedropdownmenuby“true”andchoose

Relational(DecimalNumber)à???<???à1à1

Youcanchooserandomnumbersinsteadofones,wewillreplace

them

Selectthis.seagull inthelefthanddrop-downmenu,andclickonthe

functionstab

• Ifyouhover yourmouseoverfunctions,Alicewillputboxesaroundplacesyoucandragthemto• Dragthis.seagull getHeight ontothefirst1.0

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Repeatforthesnowman’sgetHeightfunction.Yourcodeshouldlooklike

thecodebelow

Wewanttoreturntheshorterobject,soiftheifstatementistrue,weshould

returnseagullOtherwise,wewanttoreturn

snowman

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Nowweneedtocallourmethod

• ClickonmyFirstMethod.Rightnowitshouldonlyhaveadoinorderblock

• Clickontheseagullanddragin“say”• Havetheseagullsay“Iamshorter!”

Butwewanttheshorterobjecttosaythat,nottheseagull

Select“objectThatIsShorter”fromthisàFunctionsanddragitontothe

seagull

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• Runyourcode.Theshorterobjectshouldsay“Iamshorter!”.• Tryresizingthesnowmanandtheseagullsotheotherisshorterandrerun.• Butwhatifwewanttotestanobjectotherthantheseagullorthesnowman?Parameters

GobacktotheobjectThatIsShorterfunctionandclick“AddParameter”

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Undervaluetype,selectGalleryClass,thenclickonSJointedModel

Fillinthenameasobject1andcheckthebox(thistellsusthatwecalledthisfunctionsomewhereandwewillhavetogoandfixit,sincenowwewantthemainfunctionto

givethisoneaparameter.

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Repeattheprocessforanotherparameter,namedobject2

Nowtoactuallyusetheparameters:

• Dragobject1over“this.seagull”andobject2over“this.snowMan”

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NowgobacktomyFirstMethod

• Yourcodeshouldlooklikethis:

• Noticethetwored“unset”places?Thosearewhereweneedtoselecttwoobjectstocompare

• Whenwecheckedthatboxwhencreatingparameters,wewerepromisingtocomebackandfillthesetwoplacesinwithrealobjects

Selecttwoobjectsandrunyourcode!Youshouldtryitmultipletimesto

makesureitworkswithalltheobjectsinyourworld

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PART2

• Createaseagullfunction• Createaseagullvariabletokeeptrackofcolor• Changetheseagullcolorinresponsetoaclick– Iftheseagulliswhite,wewantittobeblue– Ifitisblue,changetored– Ifred,changetogreen– Ifgreen,changebacktowhite

First,wewanttocreateanewseagullfunction

• Gotothedropdownmenutotherightofthesceneimage

• SelectseagullàAddseagullfunction

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Wewantthisfunctiontochangetheseagull’scolor,sosetreturntypeto

OtherTypesà Color

NamethefunctionchangeColor andclickOK

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Iftheseagulliswhite,wewanttoturnitblue

• Howdoweknowwhatcolortheseagullis?• InAlice3,youCANNOTcomparecolors• Instead,wewillcreateaseagullvariable(calledProperties)thatwillholdthenameofthecolorthattheseagullcurrentlyis

• WordvariablesarecalledStrings

• Gotothedropdownmenuagain

• SelectSeagullàAddSeagullProperty

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• Setthevaluetypeto“TextString”• Namethevariable“seagullColor”• Clickinitializer andfillin“White”– Thiswillbethewordthepropertyissetaswhentheworldbegins

Thepropertypopupshouldlooklikethis

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NowgotothechangeColor function

• Ifyouhavetroublefindingit,selectthis.seagull fromthedropdownmenuonthefarleft

• Clickonthefunctionstab• Atthetopyoushouldseethis.seagullchangeColor

• Clicktheeditbuttontotheleftofit• Draginanifstatementandselect“true”

ClickontrueandselectTextStringComparisonà ???contentEquals ???àthis.seagullColoràCustomTextString

Thiswillletussay“ifthewordinthis.seagullColor(whichis“White”right

now)isequaltoacustomstring”

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Aboxwillpopupforyoutofillinthecustomstring

• Wewanttocheckiftheseagulliswhite,sofillinWhite

• MakesuretokeepthecapitalizationthesameasintheseagullColor property!!

Iftheseagulliswhite,wewanttochangeittoblue

• Whenwecreateaproperty,Alice3automaticallymakesaprocedureandafunctiontogoalongwithit:setPropertyNameandgetPropertyName

• SoundertheProcedurestabyouwillseesetSeagullColor andundertheFunctionstabyouwillseegetSeagullColor

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Iftheseagulliswhite,wewanttochangeittoblue

• DraginsetSeagullColor fromtheprocedurestabandselectCustomTextString

• Fillin“Blue”• WestillwanttoreturnaColortype,sodraginthereturnstatementfromthebottombar,andselectBLUE

• (pictureonnextslide)

Yourcodeshouldlooklikethis

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Weareonefourthofthewaythere

• Iftheseagulliswhite,wewantittobeblue• Ifitisblue,changetored• Ifred,changetogreen• Ifgreen,changebacktowhite

Draganotherifblockundertheelseandrepeatasbefore

• Thistime,selectTextString Comparisonà ???contentEquals ???à this.seagullColoràCustomTextString andfillin“Blue”

• DraginsetSeagullColor andfillin“Red”• ReturnRED

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Draganotherifstatementundertheelse

• Thistime,selectTextString Comparisonà ???contentEquals ???à this.seagullColoràCustomTextString andfillin“Red”

• DraginsetSeagullColor andfillin“Green”• ReturnGREEN• Undertheelse– DraginsetSeagullColor andfillin“White”– ReturnWHITE

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Weonlywantthistohappeniftheseagullisclickedon

• GototheinitializeEventListeners function• ClickonAddEventListener

SelectMouseàaddMouseClickOnObjectListener

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Thislisteneristruewheneveryouclickonanyobject,butwewantittobe

trueforonly theseagull

• ClickonadddetailàsetOfVisualsàCustomArray

Addthis.seagull totheVisualarray

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Draginseagull’ssetPaint methodandselectBLACK

• Thiswillchangetheseagull’scolortoblack• ButwewanttowantchangeittothecolorreturnedbychangeColor

• DragthechangeColor functionoverBLACK

Runyourworld!Whenyouclickontheseagull,itshouldcyclethroughcolors

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PART3

• Createasnowmanfunction• Createasnowmanvariabletokeeptrackofcolor

• Changethesnowmancolorinresponsetothevalueofarandomvariable– Ifthenumberis1,wewantittobered– Ifitis2,changetoblue– If3,changetogreen– If4,changetowhite

Startbycreatinganewsnowmanfunction

• Clickonthedropdownmenu• SnowmanàAddSnowmanfunction

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Likebefore,setthereturntypetoOthertypesà Color

NamethefunctionchangeColorRandom

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Wewanttoclickalocalrandomnumbervariable

• Selectvariablefromthebottombar• Dragintothefunction

• Forvaluetype,selectWholeNumber• Forname,fillincolorNumber• Forinitializer,pick1

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Butwedon’twantthevaluetobeone,wewantthevaluetobearandom

number• Under1,selectRandomànextRandomIntegerFromAUpToAndIncludingB ???,???à1àCustomWholeNumber

• Wewantthenumberstobebetween1and4,sowhenthecustomnumbercalculatorpopsup,pick4

• Seenextslideforimages

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Yourcodeshouldlooklikethis

Nextdraginan ifblockandselecttrue

Undertrue,selectRelational(WholeNumber)à???==???à

colorNumberà1

Thisbasicallysays“ifcolorNumber =1”

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IfcolorNumber is1,wewanttoreturnred

Repeatforthefollowing

• IfcolorNumber==2returnBlue

• IfcolorNumber==3returnGreen

• ElsereturnWhite

• Giveitatrybeforeyoulookatthecodeonthenextslide!

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Wewantthesnowmantochangecolorwhenweclickit

• GotoinitializeEventListeners• PickmouseàobjectListener• AdddetailàsetofVisuals

àcustomArray

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Addthis.snowMan totheVisualarray

DraginsetPaint andselectBLACK,thendraginchangeColorRandom over

it

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Runyourcode!

• Doesitwork?• Howwouldweknow?• Whatifwehavethesnowmansaytherandomnumber,sowecancheck

GobacktochangeColorRandom• Draginsayandselect“hello”• Thenunder“hello”,select???+???àCustomTextStringàWholeNumberà colorNumber

• BecausecolorNumber isaNumbertypeandnotaStringtype,itdoesnotcomeupasanoptiontosay

• ButifwesayawordandthentackoncolorNumber,Alicewilltotheconversion

• IlefttheCustomTextString blank,butyoucouldalsofillinsomethingalongthelinesof“Therandomnumberis”.Justmakesureyouendwithanextraspace!

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Runyourcodeandmatchupthenumberthesnowmantellsyouwith

thecolorheturns

Whatifwewanttofind outwhatcolorthesnowmanturns?

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Part4

• Writeafunctiontoreturnthecurrentcolorofthesnowman

Addanewsnowmanfunction

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MakethereturntypeTextString andthenamegetNameOfColor

Nowweneedtocreatethevariable.GotoSnowmanàadd snowman

property• Valuetype=TextString• Name=snowmanColor• Initializer =White

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ForthesnowmanColor variabletohavetherightvariable,wehaveto

changeitwiththecolor• GotochangeColorRandom and,beforethereturnstatement,draginsetSnowmanColorandtype“Red”

• Dothesamefortheotherthreecolors

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GobacktogetNameOfColor

• Allweneedtodoisreturnthepropertywejustmade

• DraginareturnandselectsnowmanColor

Nowtohaveacharactersayit

• Sincewealreadyhavethesnowmansayingtherandomnumber,wewillhavethebunnysaythecolor

• Notethateventhoughthefunctionisthesnowman’s,otherobjectscanuseit

• GototheinitializeEventListeners function

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Wewantthebunnytosaythecoloreverytimethesnowmanturnscolor• DragasaystatementdirectlyunderthesnowmansetPaint line

• Pick“hello”• Thenunderhelloselect???+???àCustomTextStringà “hello”

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• Forthecustomtext,type“Thesnowmanis”• Makesuretoleaveaspaceafter“is”!• ThenselectsnowmanfromtheleftdropdownmenuanddraggetNameOfColor over“hello”

Runyourprogram!

• Clickonthesnowmanandwatchthebunnytellyouhiscolor!


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