Comparative Public Administration

”Discussion on Various Aspects of Developed and Developing Countries”

Presented by: Mr. ABBAS ALI

About Flags Geographical View Govt. Structure Three Pillars Political Culture Local Govt. System Finance Central Govt. Agencies Coordinating The System Accountability and Openness Democracy and Administrative System Managing the System US Politics State and Local Govt. Departments Different facts and Figures of both countries

Overview

About

Independence July 4th, 1776

States50

Capital Washington D.C.

LanguageEnglish

Area 9.857 million KM2

Population322.4 million

IndependenceAugust 14th, 1947

Provinces4

CapitalIslamabad

LanguageUrdu

Area 796,095 km²

Population1.82 million

America Pakistan

Flags 13 Red and White strips

denoting 13 Colonies

50 stars are denoting 50 states

Blue: Justice Red: Bravery White: Purity

Commitment to Islam and the rights of religious minorities.

Green Part ◦ Islam ◦ majority Muslims

White Stripe◦ Minorities and religions.

Crescent & Star◦ Symbolizes progress and light

respectively.

GeographyAmerica Pakistan

Govt. Structures

Legislative (Making Laws)

President Elected Representatives Congress

Bi-cameral, Debates, Pass BillsAfter both houses pass bills, goes for approval in front of president’s. He/she is liable to reply within 10 days. If he/she neither sign, nor vetoed, it will become a law.

Senate 100 senators, 2 from each state, for 6 years.

House of Representatives435 members, population based, California has 54

President Elected Representatives Parliament

Bi-Cameral, Majlis-e-Shoora, Debates, Pass Bills, consists of senate and national assembly

Senate Upper House, 104 seats, 23 each province, 8 tribal areas, 4 Islamabad, for 6 years.

National AssemblyLower House,342 seats, 60 for women, 10 for minorities.

America Pakistan

Executive (Carries out Laws)

PresidentBy direct voting.

Vice PresidentFor 4 years, on suggestion of president senate approve.

CabinetAdvisors of President (vice president), nominated by President, Approved by Senate.

PresidentChosen by an electoral college,According to Article 41(3)This electoral college consists of the Senate, the National Assembly of Pakistan, and the Provincial Assemblies of the four provinces.

Prime MinisterComes from majority party through popular votes, chief executive of country, heads the cabinet and all executive branch’s departments.

CabinetAdvisors of prime ministers such as PM secretariat , cabinet division and establishment division.

America Pakistan

Judiciary (Evaluate Laws)

Supreme Court

Appointed by President and confirmed by Senate.

Other Courts

These are the courts of state and local level, under county.

Supreme Courts

Consists of chief justice and 16 other judges.

Subordinate courts

High Courts, Federal Shariat Court, provincial and district civil and criminal courts, specialized courts for issues such as taxation, banking, customs, etc

America Pakistan

Political Culture

Discovered by Christopher Columbus

George Washington fought the war of liberty with Spanish and British

240 years of stable govt. 44th president and 114th time Shared beliefs, values and norms

◦ Liberty ◦ Equality ◦ Democracy◦ Individualism◦ Rule of law

Constitution created in September 17th, 1787

After British

Two nations theory Quaid e Azam is founder of

Pakistan. 69 years of unstable govt., 32 years of dictatorship,

Constitution 1956 1962 1973

America Pakistan

Local Govt. Structure

County Govt.first tier of local govt., formed by federal or state constitution, formed for governing or administering the constituencies.

Town or Townships Govt.governs the sub division of county, administer as per state law and rules

MunicipalitiesSmall Cities and Villages

District Tehsil Union Council Ward

America Pakistan

Finance

US Department of Treasury Promotes Economic growths Development of finance Investment affair Over sees Coins and currency Revenue collection Funds

Ministry of Finance Over sees Financial matters of country Preparation of budgets Accounts and audits of federal

govt. agencies Public finance Management Makes Financial policies under the Rules

of Business 1973

America Pakistan

Central Govt Agencies

United States Postal Services National Aeronautics and Space

Administration (NASA) Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Environmental Protection Agency

(EPA) United State Agency for

International Development (USAID)

etc

Anti Narcotics Force Pakistan Atomic Energy

commission Civil Aviation Authority Directorate General of

Immigration and Passports Election Commission of Pakistan Federal Board of Revenue Federal investigation agency

America Pakistan

Coordinating the System

Systematic

Proper hierarchy

Assigned Authorities

Fully coordination

Early completion of Task

Not orderly

Unclear Setup

Overlapping Authorities

Lack of Coordination

Task goes longer

America Pakistan

Accountability & Openness

US Govt. Accountability Office Reports Legal Decisions

Right to Information's Fully aware Transparency

National Accountability Bureau

Panama Leaks

Right to Information's No awareness system Less Clarity

America Pakistan

Democracy and admin. syst.

stakeholders Participation in Decision Making

Equal treatment with all states

Empowerment

EEOC

No People’s Participation

Provincial disharmony

No authorizations

Favoritism

America Pakistan

Managing the system Cultural view

Racism Equality Sectarian conflicts Social ownership Cooperation

Political Views

Opposition Personalization People’s Reaction Awareness Stability Conflicts Uncertainty Methodology

Democratic Republicans

Strong, laborer, hard worker Brave, patience, dignified

US Politics

Departments District Motor Vehicle, Election office, Senior citizens, Emergency Management, Human Resources, Health, Education, Information, Public Works, Maintenance, Treasures, Fire, Housing, Events Management etc.

State and Local Govt. Deps.

Pakistan United States

6.00% (January 2016)182.1 Million (2014)

Pakistan Bureau of Statistics

4.90% (January 2016)318.9 Million (2014)

Pakistan Bureau of Statistics

Un-Employment

Pakistan United States

Agriculture 25.1%Industry 21.3%

(2014 Est.)

Agriculture 01.2%Industry 18.8%

(2011)

Different Sectors

Pakistan United States

66.44 Years

World Bank (Year 2012)

78.74 Years

World Bank (Year 2012)

Life Expectancy

Pakistan United States

4,840 (2013)

World bank

53,750 (2013)

World Bank

Income Per Capita

Pakistan United States

58.7 %Year 2015

World Fact Book CIA

92.2 %Year 2015

World Fact Book CIA

Literacy Rate