Comparative Anatomy
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Transcript of Comparative Anatomy
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Evidence for evolution
Comparative Anatomy
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Homology: A similar physiological structure inherited from a common ancestor. Does not necessarily have the same function!
Analogy: A similar physiological structure due to convergent evolution. Looks similar and has a similar function!
Homology and Analogy
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(Tetrapod: Animal with four limbs)
Homologous Structures
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Homology and Evolution
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Homologies are everywhere…Leaves of an oak tree and of a gingko tree.
The wings of a dragonfly and the wings of a butterfly.
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And are not always obvious…
Each is a modification of the basic incisor tooth structure. Over time, evolution adapted each of these animals' incisors to perform different functions. They are homologous structures, inherited from a common ancestor with incisor teeth.
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And are not only structural…
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Analogous Structures
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How do analogies evolve…What happens if the
long red flowers disappear?
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So… Homology or Analogy?
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Criteria for homologies…Same basic structure
Same relationship to other features
Same development
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Using homologies to reconstruct relationships…
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Structures that serve no function in a living organism.
Vestigial Features and Anatomical Oddities
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Are these vestigial structures?
Vestigial Features and Anatomical Oddities
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Are these vestigial structures?
Vestigial Features and Anatomical Oddities
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What about the pilomotor reflex?
Vestigial Features and Anatomical Oddities