Community Involvement in Tourism Development: As Strategy for Poverty Alleviation after the...

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International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 4, Issue 12, December 2014 1ISSN 2250!15!

Community Involvement in Tourism Development: As

Strategy for Poverty Alleviation after the earthquake

(Case Study: Kasongan illage !ogyakarta"

#ila Karmilah$% &iendu 'uryanti% 'indyo Soe)arno*% +akti Setia)an,

1"acult# member of De$artment of %rban and &it# Plannin' Sultan ('un' Islamic %ni)ersit# of Semaran', Indonesia, *armilahmila+'mailcomPhD candidate De$artment of (rchitecture and Plannin' -ad.ahmada %ni)ersit# /o'#a*arta, Indonesia2Professor, De$artment of (rchitecture and Plannin' -% /o'#a*arta, Indonesia, iendu+'mailcom

!Professor, De$artment of (rchitecture and Plannin' -% /o'#a*arta, Indonesia4Professor, De$artment of (rchitecture and Plannin' -% /o'#a*arta, Indonesia

Abstract- ason'an it is )er# im$ortant )illa'e due to tourismthat based on small scale entre$rised, and after the earth3ua*e hitason'an not onl# the )illa'e as colla$se but also the smallscale entre$rised that $eo$le earn their li)in' his thesisdiscusses the in)ol)ement and $artici$ation of local communities

in tourism de)elo$ment usin' a case stud# in ason'an )illa'ehe research is 'uided b# three research 3uestions 617 hat arethe )ies of local $eo$le toards communit# in)ol)ement intourism de)elo$ment es$eciall# after the earth3ua*e8 627 hat area$$ro$riate roles and $artici$ate of local $eo$le in tourismde)elo$ment8 and 6!7 hat are the )ies of the local $eo$le onthe contribution of tourism de)elo$ment toards $o)ert#alle)iation 9ased on the findin's, this research concludes that local

$eo$le a role in the tourism de)elo$ment decisionma*in'$rocess In 'eneral, local $eo$le ant to see decisions abouttourism de)elo$ment in their area made .ointl# b# 'o)ernmentofficials and local leaders in consultation ith the local

communit# ourism de)elo$ment is contributin' $ositi)el#toards $o)ert# alle)iation, and has made im$ro)ement onaccessibilit#, $rices of 'oods and ser)ices, em$lo#ment, income'eneratin'

Index Terms ourism, &ommunit#, and Po)ert# (lle)iation

I INR:D%&I:N

o)ert# is one of the )er# im$ortant de)elo$ment indicatorsfor tourismhe success of the de)elo$ment $ro'ram ill

be clearl# obser)ed in the si'nificant chan'es in ma'nitude of$o)ert# $er se ;t h# he 'o)erment fundamentall# concern

ith the effort to alle)iate the $o)ert# 6Janiaton D, 20057

P

It has been 3uite lon' that tourism sector becomes a realiablesector ith res$ect to the effort to alle)iatin' the $o)ert# he'o)ernments of de)elo$in' countries are hi'l# con)inced thatthe de)elo$ment $ro'rams of tourism has the )er# $otential toalle)iate the $o)ert# of the ma.orit# of their $eo$le hen it isdesi'ned on the basis of the ob.ecti)e realit# of the life of thosesufferin' under the $o)ert# and the im$lementation meet iththe $lannin' of tourism &oncernin' to the )er# ide sco$e of itsim$lementation, the contribution of the tourism to $o)ert#alle)iation can be o$timi


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e=$lanations hich the scientist ma# be able to $ro)ide 6arleauPont# 1AB27 hus $henomenolo'ical a$$roaches can be a$$liedto those disci$lines, such as tourism here the focus inunderstandin' human e=$erience 6&asmir 1AC!7

Partici$ant obser)ation $ro)ided com$lementar# forms ofe=$erimental material to those collected from face to facecon)ersations In $henomenolo'ical research close obser)ation,here the researcher enters the orld of immediate e=$erienceE

6?ussrel 1A@07, entails data 'atherin' that remains natural andauthentic 6Saranta*os 20057

IV FI>R(%R>R>(DIN-

$. The /oles of Community Due to Poverty Alleviation

he term em$oerment is sometimes )er# difficult todistin'uish from the stren'thenin' of the communit# andcommunit# de)elo$ment 6communit# de)elo$ment7 In $racticethe terminolo'# often o)erla$, interchan'eable and refer to asimilar understandin' &oo* 61AA47 underline that s$ecificde)elo$ment or communit# de)elo$ment is a conce$t relatin' tothe im$ro)ement or de)elo$ment his is a $articular t#$e of

chan'e toards a $ositi)e direction In short communit#de)elo$ment is a $articular t#$e of a deliberate attem$t to s$ur anincrease or communit# de)elo$ment Ghile -iarci 620017 seescommunit# de)elo$ment as a matter of ha)in' the center ofattention in hel$in' $eo$le in )arious a'e 'rou$s to 'ro ande)ol)e throu'h )arious facilitation and su$$ort to enable them todecide, $lan and ta*e action to mana'e and de)elo$ their

$h#sical en)ironment and social elfare his $rocess facilitatesthe stren'thenin' of the local econom# and allos $eo$le to ta*ecollecti)e action and conduct $olitical $ressure and brin' aconcerted effort to initiate chan'es at the local le)el herenetor*in' becomes one of the *e# ords 9artle 6200!7 definescommunit# de)elo$ment as a means to ma*e societ# morecom$le= and $oerful his is a social chan'e in hich societ#

becomes more com$le=, 'roin' local institutions, collecti)e$oer is increased and 3ualitati)e chan'es in the or'ani


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International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 4, Issue 12, December 2014 !ISSN 2250!15!

also ha)e social, en)ironmental and cultural benefits and costsourism $ro)ides em$lo#ment o$$ortunities b# di)ersif#in' andincreasin' income hich reduces the )ulnerabilit# of the $oorhrou'h increased national income 6forei'n e=chan'e earnin'sand ta=ation7, additional funds can be di)erted to $o)ert#reduction $ro'ram here are se)eral ad)anta'es due to inherentcharacteristics of tourism hich ma*e the sector conduci)e for

$ro $oor 'roth hese ad)anta'es are 6as stated in Tourismand

Poverty Alleviation, G:, 20027a ourism is consumed at the $oint of $roductionincreasin' o$$ortunities for indi)idual and microenter$rises to sell additional $roducts or ser)ices

b he restriction of access to international mar*ets asfaced b# the traditional sectors of de)elo$in' countriesis not a$$licable to tourism

c ourism de$ends not onl# on financial, $roducti)e andhuman ca$ital but also lar'el# on natural and culturaca$ital hich are often assets $ossessed b# the $oor

d ourism is labourintensi)e $ro)idin' the $oor, hoha)e lar'e labour reser)es, ith o$$ortunities

e ourism thri)es on di)ersit#, drain' from a lar'eresource base hich increases sco$e for ider

$artici$ation

f ourism $ro)ides im$ortant o$$ortunities for omen tofind em$lo#ment' ourism directl# res$onds to $o)ert# reduction

ob.ecti)es since it

"i'ure of communit# em$oerment in the de)elo$ment of tourism as a $o)ert# alle)iation efforts are as

V S%D/R>S%F

$. Tourism in Kasongan

he de)elo$ment of tourism in rural tourism startin' henason'an )illa'e declared as a tourist )illa'e in 1ACC 9ut beforethe area is the )illa'e b# )illa'e ason'an $redominatel# aceramic craftsmen It is then tri''ers the 'roth andde)elo$ment of the )illa'e as a tourist )illa'e ason'an &rafts

$otter# he distribution of the ceramic industr# before the

earth3ua*e can be seen on the ma$ belo "or areas ith themost craftsmen are on a.en ith ! )illa'e of the a.en,

Sentanan and ason'an he third hamlet is this hich is theforerunner ason'an tourist )illa'es, and de)elo$in' ra$idl# tothe other li*e )illa'e li*e irto, Sembun'an Pucan' -edon'anand ali Pucan' -roth in the $otter# industr# reached its he#da# inason'an 2000 this can be seen from the increasin' number ofindustrial ceramics in ason'an as shon in the table belo :nthe table shos that after 200! the de)elo$ment of a close )er#

fast 'roth rate of 402L Ghile the lar'est number of craftsmenin the )illa'e and irto a.en 6more than 200 craftsmen7

www.ijsrp.org

ource! many sources, 2""#

tourism education, e=8

trainin'

&ommunit#>m$oerment, there aresocial ca$ital

ourism, are an attraction andfacilities tourism

Participatory Tourism Plannin$

Focal communit# in)ol)ement in de)elo$menttourism

Focal communit# in)ol)ement in decisionma*in'

0#P1&0/#0'T

P10/T!

A220IATI1'

In)ol)ement of local $eo$el in

de)elo$ment tourism

In)ol)ement other sta*eholderfocus on the interest ofsociet#
http://ijsrp.org/http://ijsrp.org/


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Ta3le $. 4ro)th of Pottery Industry from $556-778 Ta3le . The num3er of Pottery maker in 779 in Kasongan

illage

he distribution of the ceramic industr# can be seen on a$ 1 "rom #ear to #ear the number of craftsmen continue to 'ro herole of craftsmen as a business unit ithin the &eramics Industr# ason'an )er# im$ortant to the on'oin' industrial acti)ities inason'an (ccordin' to the echnical Ser)ices %nit 6%P7 &onstruction &rafts $otter# craftsmen as ason'an number of businessunits in ason'an are as follos

. Community Development and Poverty Alleviation Through Tourism

In the subse3uent de)elo$ment of tourist )illa'es ason'an ha)e u$s and dons this is caused b# the increasin' number of$otter# ma*ers in the re'ion hich ran'es from 500 artisans, as ell as natural disasters 6earth3ua*es7 that occurred on a# 2B, 200Bhas made tourism )illa'e suffered si'nificant dama'e (ccordin' to r Nan'sib as head of ason'an Villa'e that most of these)illa'es suffered dama'e from se)ere to mild, the most se)ere dama'e occurred on R 04 as manifested

he earth3ua*e has made the communit# around a lot ofhouses ere dama'ed either as a residence as ell as or*sho$s

6%rak7 then in 200B in collaboration ith N-:s outside a $rocessof communit# em$oerment hich has no e)ol)ed into a

www.ijsrp.org

Sumber abu$aten 9antul dalam(n'*a 200@

Source Statistic 9ureau of 9antul Re'enc# 200B

&''' ''' ''' ''' '' After the earthquake, how to, start to rise with the help of *s and $overnment in theform of funds + -illion, .ason$an villa$e that have 3// households' The lar$est dama$e

e0perienced %y .ason$an villa$e,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,'' &'


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number of acti)ities in addition to the $otter#ma*in' acti)itiesN-:s are assistin' communities is Relief he institute $re)iousl# hel$ed $eo$le in the earth3ua*ereco)er#, but the be'innin' of 200@ this institution as no lon'erhel$ $eo$le in the $rocess of restoration M re$air of buildin's, butmore on efforts to em$oer the communit# in accordance iththe ca$abilities and local resources (t $resent there are !Bmembers and 1B of hom ere omen &urrentl# the a'enc#

has turned into coo$erati)es ith the &oo$erati)es name HJointason'anH 6%97, hich stands about mid200C after reco)er#$ro'ram conducted b# the Relief com$letedoda# the %9 coo$eration focus its efforts to hel$ communitiesstart of trainin' im$ro)ed 3ualit# $otter#, to the mar*etin' In

addition to em$oerin' the communit# then the $ro'ram is runb# %9 )illa'e tour, ma*in' bamboo $anels and manufacture o$otter# 6terracotta7 rainin' $ro)ided b# the Relief includefinishin' trainin', com$uter trainin' and mar*etin' (ccordin' toone member of the %9 that trainin' can increase *noled'eand useful for increasin' their mar*et se'ment

It is also su$$orted b# statements made b# a member of%9 b# ba* n"rom benefit from the trainin' %9 is 3uite a

lot but can not be seen because of the current orders of $otter# isdon, and as it as deli)ered that the other ad)anta'es obtainedare him 'ettin' .ob as one of the staff at the %9

www.ijsrp.org

''''''''''''''''' yesterday there is trainin$ like that from the start of trainin$ to make prints,

make a $ood mi0ture of clay how,, make the motifs painted finish 1ith .''''''' there are

many advanta$es that 4 have, for e0ample now a staff in . office ''''''''''''''


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International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 4, Issue 12, December 2014 BISSN 2250!15!

(s stated b# one member of the %9 that most members ofthe em$oered omen M mothers are accom$anied b#households, hich until no still continue to be assisted inim$ro)in' the 3ualit# of crafts $roduced In addition to $ro)idin'trainin' to omen in the technical as$ects of $otter#ma*in'then the %9 also hel$ed their members to find a mar*et li*e

ha)e an e=hibition in Ja*arta, in Jo'.a*arta 6Plasa and Vredebur'(mbaru*mo7, such as those told b# mba* Ndari Ghile efforts tofind a bu#er from outside still ha)e some difficulties address to

achie)in' the desired 3ualit# b# the consumer 6bu#er7 as$resented b# iss /ani as the ana'er of %9

*. The /ole of Community in Tourism Setor

(s e *no than ason'an )illa'e is a )illa'e that *nonas $otter# )illa'e, 6cause all of the habitant or* as $otter#

ma*ers, and after ason'an )illa'e declare a tourism )illa'eman# roles ta*en b# the communit# as a conse3uences of thetourism )illa'e, and the roles shon as the table belo

Ta3le *. The /ole of Ator and 2evel of Partiipation in Kasongan illage

Role of (ctor

Fe)el of Partici$ation

&ommunit# -o)ernment :ther Sta*eholders

a*e a $otter# 6asattraction tourism7

ost of the $eo$le li)in' as$otter# craftsmen, as ell asthe li)elihood acti)ities of the

$roduction $rocess is also atourist attraction in ason'an

In this $rocess the'o)ernment role in

$ro)idin' 'uidance

related to desi'n 6%Pason'an7ar*etin' ar*etin' $rocess underta*en

b# the communit# there areto a#s, namel# to lea)e theshoroom located on themain road, e)en this is onetourist attraction, 6the )isitand bu#7 $otter# a second isto sell directl# to bu#ers ho

he role of 'o)ernment inthe mar*etin' of $otter# isnot ma=imi


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International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 4, Issue 12, December 2014 @ISSN 2250!15!

VI &:N&F%SI:N

9ased on the cases of communit# em$oerment and itsrelationshi$ ith $o)ert# eradication, then some of theconclusions obtained are

1 &ommunit# >m$oerment ith im$ro)edthe 3ualit# of societ#

&ommunit# em$oerment throu'h increased $roduction isa crucial ste$ in the em$oerment of communities, these

acti)ities are $art of communit# economic de)elo$ment throu'hcoo$erati)es (ccordin' to Ife 6200C7 that the coo$erati)e is oneof the alternati)es in the de)elo$ment of societ# and tostren'then solidarit#, and recommended that coo$erati)es areformed based on needs and local culture In cases in ason'analthou'h coo$erati)es ha)e been formed and has a mana'ement

board but is still not runnin' ith a ma=imum due to the lac* ofmonitorin' and e)aluation of some e=istin' acti)ities 9esidescommunit# in)ol)ement needs to be im$ro)ed

2 9ecome a sub.ect of the $ro'rams he idea that $eo$le should be able to define their onneeds and ho to com$l#, at the local le)el $eo$le mostl# *nehat the# need is the idea of social .ustice and chan'e from

belo that deli)ered b# the 6&hamber, 1AC!8 Salleh 1AA@7 Inaccordance ith the $rinci$les of chan'e from the bottom of oneof them is res$ect for local *noled'e and local s*ills In thecurrent conditions in ason'an societ# has become a sub.ect orciti">R>N&>S

1O (nonimus, 6200!7, -uideboo* to ourism 9ased &ommunit#De)elo$ment, ( Ne Vision for Re'ional De)elo$ment

2O (shle#, & dan ?a#som, - 620047 "rom Philantro$# to a diffrerent Ga# ofDoin' 9usiness Strate'ies and &hallen'es in Inte'ratin' ProPoor($$roaches into ourism 9usinessE a*alah $ada onferensi (F(S

(frica di Pretoria, :*tober!O (rcher, 9rian and "letcher, John, 61AA07 ulti$lier (nal#sis in

ourismE, De$artment of ana'ement Studies for ourism and ?otelIndustries, %ni)ersit# of Surre#

4O (rnstein, S 61ABA7 ( ladder of $artici$ation in the %S(E, Journal of the(merican Institute of Planners, Jul#, !5, 21B224

5O &asmir, " 61AC!7 HPhenomenolo'# and hermeneutics >)ol)in' a$$roachesto the stud# of intercultural and international communication,H InternationalJournal of Intercultural Relations, @, !0A!24

BO &hambers R, 1AC! Pemban'unan Desa ulai Dari 9ela*an'E FP!>SJa*arta

@O de adt, >, 1A@A ourism Pas$ort to De)elo$ment Ne /or* :=ford%ni)ersit# Press

CO Dinas Pariisata Pro$insi Daerah Istimea /o'#a*arta, 61AA07 RencanIndu* Pemban'unan :b#e* Gisata Desa Gisata ason'anE, DinaPariisata DI/

AO ?usserl, >, 61A@07 he &risis of >uro$ean Sciences and ranscendentaPhenomenolo'#, ranslated b# D &arr Northest %ni)ersit# Press

10O Ife, J and esoriero ", 6200C7 &ommunit# De)elo$ment (lternati

Pen'emban'an as#ara*at di >ra -lobalisasiE Pusta*a Pela.ar Ja*arta11O Janianton, D, 620057, Po)ert# (lle)iation hrou'h ourism "rom

&once$t to Im$lementationE, &enter for ourism Stud# -ad.ah ad%ni)ersit# and &oordinatorin' inistr# for Peo$leQs Gelfare Re$ublic oIndonesia e$$el Press /o'#a*arta

12O Fuebben, & 61AA57 Internationaler ourismus als "a*tor der Re'ionaentic*lun' in Indonesia8 %ntersucht am 9eis$el der Insel Fombo*9erlin Dietrich reamer Verla'

1!O arleau Pont# 1AB2, Phenomenolo'# of Perce$tionE

14O athieson dan Gall, -, 61AC27 ourism >conomic, Ph#sical and SociaIm$actE ?arlo, Fon'man

15O oleon' F, 620047 etodolo'i Penelitian ualitatif P Rema.aRosda*ar#a 9andun'

1BO Saranta*os S, 620057 Social Research ac illan >ducation (ustralia Pt#Ftd elbourne

1@O %thoff, 61AAB7, Eourismus in Suedostasien lischees und Realitaeten>in Versuch

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