COMMUNICATION.ppttextbooklecture Ary
Transcript of COMMUNICATION.ppttextbooklecture Ary
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Ch. 1 Human Communication: Whatand Why
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Types of communication
Intrapersonal
Interpersonal Small Group
Public
Mass communication
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Intrapersonal vs. Interpersonal
Intrapersonal- communicating with oneself
Interpersonal- communication that takes place
between two people
Dyad- two persons interacting
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Small group communication
Communication that takes place between more
than two membersGroup members usually communicate equally
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Public communication
Communication that takes place in a large group
Too large for all members to communicate equally
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Mass communication
Consists of messages that are transmitted in large
quantities to several people at one timeTransmitted through several sources: electronic,
print, television, radio, magazines, etc.
No personal contact between sender and receiver
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What needs are satisfied in your lifeby communicating with others? Physical needs
Identity needs Social needs
Practical needs
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Physical needs
Communicating with others benefits our physical
health/well-
being
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Identity needs
We define who we are through communication
with others
Impressions of who we are, are formed according
to the ways in which others respond to us
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Social needs
Several social needs are met through
communication:
Pleasure Escape
Affection RelaxationInclusion Control
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Practical Needs
Communication is used in order to achieve our
everyday needs-to get where we need to go
-to accomplish what we need to accomplish
-to better understand our environment and what isexpected of us
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What is communication competence?
The ability to communicate effectively
What is effective communication?
Communication that maintains or enhances the
relationship in which it occurs
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Why should we want to become morecompetent communicators?More satisfying relationships
In order to satisfy our human needsTo get more out of life
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Some interesting findings***Several studies show that married couples that were
identified as effective communicators report more
satisfying relationships than husbands and wives who areless skillful communicators
***Other studies have found that college students G.P.A.
was positively related to their communication competence.
Studies show that even a small amount of training cangreatly affect communication ability
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How might you become a morecompetent communicator?By taking this class
By wanting to become a better communicatorBy continuously working toward improving your
communication skills
By practicing the skills you are taught
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What are the characteristics of acompetent communicator? A wide range of communication behaviors to
choose from in an interactionAbility to choose the most appropriate behavior for
the situation
Ability to perform effective communication
Plenty of practice as a skilled communicator
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Other characteristics of competentcommunicatorsEmpathy
Cognitive Complexity Self-Monitoring
Commitment to the relationship
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Empathy
Ability to put yourself in anothers shoes
Understanding anothers perspective
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Cognitive complexity
The ability to analyze the behavior of others in a
variety of waysLooking at the situation from a variety of angles
(rather than just your perspective)
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Self-Monitoring
Observing your own behaviors as if you are
outside yourself
Imagining how others are interpreting your
behaviors
Being aware of how your behaviors affect others
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Commitment to the relationship
Level of commitment to a relationship determines
willingness to communicate effectively
We work harder at communicating in relationships
we genuinely care about
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T
hree factors to remember whendeciding on a responseThe context (what is involved in the situation)
Your goal (do you want this relationship tocontinue positively)
The other person (where is he or she coming from
and how is he or she feeling)
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In Conclusion:
It is now clear that communication satisfies several
human needs
It is important that we all work on our
communication skills in order to have more
effective relationships
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Models of Communication
Linear Model
Transactional Model
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Linear Model
In this model communication only goes one way
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How it works
Sender person sending the message
Receiver person receiving the messageSender encodes a message, chooses a
channel by which to send the message,
and then sends the message to a receiver
who then decodes the message.
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Channel the way the message is
conveyed (face- to-face, telephone, e-
mail, etc.) depends on the situation
[p. 14 explains different channels and
their effectiveness in specific situations]
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Encode when the sender consciously
attaches meanings to symbols from
feelings and ideas, creating the message
sent
Decode when the receiver interprets
and creates an understanding of what themessage sent means
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Noise
affects the message sent by the sender
may prevent the message from reaching thereceiver accurately
may affect the way the receiver interprets the
message.May take place before, during and after
message is sent
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Types of Noise
1. External factors that take placeoutside the receiver
2. Physiological -- biological, personalfactors that prevent the receiver fromaccurately interpreting and decoding the
message3. Psychological -- when forces within a
person prevent he/she from having theability to send or receive a message
effectively
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Environment
Refers to our physical surroundings, or to
our personal experiences and cultural
backgrounds that communicators base
their view of the world on.
Our environments may influence the way
we encode or decode messages.
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The way we understand a
message is based on severalfactors:
1. How we interpret the message sent
2. Environment we come from
3. The environment we are in when the
message is sent
4. The amount of noise that is present
when communication takes place
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Weaknesses of the linear
model:
lacks an element of response, and
communication is only one way.
This model assumes that all messages
sent involve conscious encoding
Sometimes we send messages
unconsciously without consciously
encoding them
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This brings us to the transactional model
which changes encoding to response
Response takes place when the sender
(consciously or unconsciously) sends a
message, or when a receiver (consciously orunconsciously) responds to a message.
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Transactional Model
Similar to the linear model with added
elements
Represents two-way communication
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In the Transactional Model
Feedback is the seen and understoodresponse of a receiver to a senders
message
Both parties involved are sending and
receiving messages simultaneously
Noise and environment are also elementsinvolved with the transactional model