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Communication Slide 2 Receiving Messages Effectively Session Outline The Communication Process Sending Messages Effectively Confrontation Breakdowns in Communication Constructive Criticism Slide 3 Good communication skills are among the most important ingredients contributing to the performance enhancement and personal growth of sport and exercise participants. The Communication Process Slide 4 Persuasion Information Evaluation Motivation Problem solving Purposes of Communication Slide 5 Types of Communication Interpersonal communication (at least two persons in a meaningful exchange) Nonverbal communication Intrapersonal communication (self-talkthe communication we have with ourselves) Slide 6 The Communication Process Slide 7 Slide 8 Sending Messages Effectively Nonverbal message characteristics 2. Physical appearance Posture Body position Gestures Touching (continued) Slide 9 Sending Messages Effectively Nonverbal message characteristics 2. Facial expression Voice characteristics Slide 10 Sending Messages Effectively The importance of nonverbal messages: Nonverbal messages are harder to hide and consciously control, so they are more accurate indicators of how a person feels. Slide 11 Sending Messages Effectively Be direct. 1. Own your message. 2. Be complete and specific. 3. Be clear and consistent. 4. State your needs and feelings clearly. 5. Separate fact from opinion. 6. (continued) Slide 12 Sending Messages Effectively Deliver messages immediately. 8. Avoid hidden agendas. 9. Be supportive. 10. Be consistent with your nonverbal messages. 11. Reinforce with repetition. 12. (continued) Focus on one thing at a time. 7. Slide 13 Sending Messages Effectively Make messages appropriate to the receivers frame of reference. 13. Look for feedback that your message was accurately interpreted. 14. Slide 14 Receiving Messages Effectively Active Listening Asking questions; paraphrasing; attending to main and supporting ideas: acknowledging and responding, giving appropriate feedback, and paying attention to the speakers total communication (verbal and nonverbal). Slide 15 Receiving Messages Effectively Paraphrase what the speaker said. Keys to active listening Dont mistake hearing for listening. Mentally prepare to listen. Slide 16 Receiving Messages Effectively Supportive Listening Communicating that you are with the speaker and value his or her messages. Slide 17 Receiving Messages Effectively Use supportive behaviors. Keys to supportive listening Use conforming behaviors. Use verbal and nonverbal listening behaviors. Slide 18 Receiving Messages Effectively Aware Listening Realize that people react individually or differently to the way you communicate. Slide 19 Receiving Messages Effectively Be flexible. Keys to aware listening Be alert for barriers and breakdowns in communication. Slide 20 Breakdowns in Communication Poorly transmitted messages (ambiguity; inconsistency) Sender failures Failure to listen carefully (misinterpretation) Receiver failures Slide 21 Barriers to Effective Communication Receiver not paying attention to the sender Lack of trust between the individuals attempting to communicate Socialization and hereditary differences, causing misinterpretations between the sender and receiver Differences in the mental set or perception between people (continued) Slide 22 Embarrassment interferes Tendency to tell people what they want to hear Difficulties in expression or reluctance to communicate Barriers to Effective Communication Slide 23 Confrontation A face-to-face discussion among people in conflict. While confrontation is often seen as negative, when properly used, it is a part of effective communication. Slide 24 When to use (or avoid) confrontation Dont confront someone when you are angry. Do confront someone when you are in control, can express your feelings constructively, and have a well-thought-out reason for doing so. Slide 25 How to Confront Express feelings constructively. Think before you speak. Understand the situation and person. Be empathetic. (continued) Slide 26 How to Confront Be tentative, but not wishy-washy. Proceed gradually. Slide 27 Dos and Donts of Confronting DO convey that you value your relationship with the person. DO go slowly and think about what you want to communicate. DO try to understand the other persons position. DO listen carefully to what the other person is trying to communicate. (continued) Slide 28 Dos and Donts of Confronting DONT communicate the solution. Rather, focus on the problem. DONT stop communicating. DONT use put-downs. DONT rely on nonverbal hints to communicate your thoughts. Slide 29 The Sandwich Approach to Constructive Criticism A positive statement Future-oriented instruction A compliment Slide 30 Example of the Sandwich Approach Sally, you are really working hard out there. Positive statement: Next time try to slow down and not get ahead of the music. Future-oriented statement: Youre getting there; keep up the good work! Compliment: