Communication in the Human Body
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Transcript of Communication in the Human Body
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Communicationin the Human Body
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Two Systems
• Nervous – Fast and short term
communication– Electrical (neurons)– Chemical
(neurotransmitters)• Endocrine– Slow and long term
communication– Chemical (hormones)
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Your Senses
Location Distance (mm) Observations
Arm
Finger Tip
Back of Neck
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What’s Happening• Neuron’s (Cells that
make up nerves)• 3 parts:
– Dendrite (where input happens (receptors))
– Cell Body (where organelles are located)
– Axon – message is sent down (axon terminal – output)
• Neurons are bundled together to make a nerve!
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Types of Neurons
• Sensory Neuron – organ to central nervous system (CNS)
• Interneuron – make up CNS
• Motor Neuron – from CNS to organ
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Neurons are Specific
• Individual Neurons respond to only 1 type of stimulus.
• Example Touch (3 types of neurons)– Pressure– Pain– Temperature
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How Neurons Work• Neurons are polarized
(negative inside and positive outside)
• When “fire” they temporarily depolarize
• This is propagated down the axon to the axon terminal
• All or none (action potential)– either enough stimulus (threshold) for nerve to completely “fire” or does not “fire” at all
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YwN9aCobCy8
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Neurotransmitters• Communication between
neurons at the synapse– Small space between axon
terminal of one neuron and the dendrites of another.
• Are specific – needs to be receptor for neurotransmitter on receiving dendrite
• Released triggered by electrical signal.
• Re-uptake: Neurotransmitters are reabsorbed and reused
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90cj4NX87Yk&feature=endscreen&NR=1
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2 categories of neurotransmitters
• Excite or cause action potential
• Inhibit or prevent action potential
• Many drugs mimic or act like neurotransmitters
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Endocrine System
• Chemical messengers• Specific – has to be a
receptor for the hormone in order for the cell to respond to it.
• Control – normally a negative feedback loop
• Some drugs can also mimic hormones