Common Property Resources: Theory and Practice Emily J. Wornell.
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CED 497A: Population & Environment Spring 2014 Common Property Resources: Theory and Practice Emily J. Wornell
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Transcript of Common Property Resources: Theory and Practice Emily J. Wornell.
CED 497A: Population & EnvironmentSpring 2014Common Property Resources: Theory and PracticeEmily J. Wornell
This week will help you understand:
What are common pool resources Problems associated with them ▪ The tragedy of the commons
Main perspectives on how to deal with common pool resource problems Private property and government intervention
What are externalities Alternative perspectives on common pool
resource problems Complexity of these issues
What is a common pool resource?
What is the common pool resource problem?
What is the common pool resource problem?
What is the common pool resource problem?
Maximum utility = positive elements + negative elements
Positive = = 1
What is the common pool resource problem?
Maximum utility = positive elements + negative elements
Negative = shared between farmers = <-1
What is the common pool resource problem?
Maximum utility = positive elements + negative elements
Maximum utility = 1 + (-.25) = .75
What is the common pool resource problem?
What is the common pool resource problem?
What is the common pool resource problem?
What is the common pool resource problem?
What is the common pool resource problem?
Tragedy of the commons
What can be done?
Characteristics of CPR Size and carrying capacity Measurability Temporal and spatial differences Amount of storage in the system Physical movement Regeneration Impact of harvesting technologies
What can be done?
Private property rights Government intervention
Increased conservation
Efficient use ofresources
Reduced transactioncosts
What can be done?
Private property rights Government intervention
Prohibition
Restriction
Incentives/sanctions
What can be done?
What can be done?
18.2 million in 1954
8.9 million in 2012
What can be done?
Externality: Factor of production not under the direct control of of the producer- unintended consequences, positive or negative
What can be done?
Externality: Factor of production not under the direct control of of the producer- unintended consequences, positive or negative
What can be done?
Externality: Factor of production not under the direct control of of the producer- unintended consequences, positive or negative
What can be done?
Externality: Factor of production not under the direct control of of the producer- unintended consequences, positive or negative
What can be done?
Externality: Factor of production not under the direct control of of the producer- unintended consequences, positive or negative
What can be done?
Externality: Factor of production not under the direct control of of the producer- unintended consequences, positive or negative
What can be done?
Private property rights Government intervention
Decrease negative externalities
Benefit from positive externalities
What can be done?
Private property rights Government intervention
Decrease negative externalities
Benefit from positive externalities
What happens when they fail?! Love Canal
What can be done?
Original plan: done in 2007 @ $4.3 billion
Newest estimate: done in 2022 @ $13.4 billion
Most optimistic timeline: cleanup finished 2063,which is longer than the plant was in operation.
Alternative perspectives Open access and group property rights
What can be done?
Elinor Ostrom
Alternative perspectives Open access and group property rights
What can be done?
Full circle
Increased population Overexploitation Tragedy of the commons
Environmental disasterIncreased vulnerability
Full circle
Population Environment
History Society PoliticsEconomics DemographicsGeography
