CH. 6 SECTION 2 CONT

Colonialism in Africa

Boer Republics

Boer people moved because they did not like British rule Created two republics: Orange Free State and the

Transvaal (Later the South African Republic) They put many of the natives from the area on

reservations because they believed in white superiority

British Prime Minister of Cape Colony, Cecil Rhodes, planned to overthrow the South African Republic of the Boers without British consent, starting a way

The Boer War

Lasted from 1899-1902Fierce resistance angered the British

They burned crops and forced 120,000 women and children into detention camps

British eventually won- much larger armyCreated an independent Union of South

Africa which combined with Cape Colony A self-governing nation within the British Empire

Colonial Rule in Africa

The British ruled in Africa through indirect rule Cheaper and easier and did not disrupt native

customsConsequences:

British administrators made all major decisions, the nations authorities only enforced those decisions

Did not allow for other people to rule outside of the old elite, causing tribe and class tensions

Most other European Nations governed through direct rule

Rise of African Nationalism

New leaders, who had been educated in colonial schools, resented the unfair treatment of their people They wanted to assert their own nationality

In the early 20th century native peoples began to organize political parties and movements to bring and end to colonial rule